2019-2020年高三英语专题复习 时态语态.doc

2019-2020年高三英语专题复习 时态语态此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有 there is / are 过去有 there was / were将来有 there will be/ there is / are going to be.现在已经有 there has / have been可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be / there must have been.过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be 此句型有时可用 live, stand, e, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等词代替be动词。Eg. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for help. There must have been a village here.There lies a book on the desk. 翻译句子英译汉1. The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. 2 . There used to be a cinema here before the war. 3. There happened to be nobody in the room. 4 Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 5. There remained just twenty-eight dollars. 6 There should be nothing doubtful. 汉译英1、今晚没有会。 2、这个村子过去只有一口井。3、灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。4、恰好那时房里没人。5、公共汽车来了6、明天似乎有雨。第二课时 祈使句和感叹句一、简单句 只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。按照句子的功能，简单句可分为4类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。其中祈使句、疑问句中的反意疑问句以及感叹句的结构多为考查重点，应重点掌握。以下将对此作重点分析。【考点诠释】考点l 祈使句的判定和特点祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。谓语动词用动词原形。其主语是you，往往省略。常见的祈使句句型如下：1动词原形如：Lay down your arms!放下武器!Be sure to get there before eight Oclock一定要在8点前赶到那儿。2Dont或Never+动词原形。如：Never go out alone at night！不要在夜晚单独出去！3Do+动词原形(此句型表示强调)。如：Do tell her about it务必将此事告诉她。4主语+动词原形。如：Tomyou go and see whats happening汤姆，去看看发生什么事情了。You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor你们，女生擦桌子。你们，男生，打扫地板。5祈使句+and/or+陈述句 (and表示顺承关系，or表示转折关系)。如：use your head，and you11 find a good way(=If you use your head，you11 find a good way)动动脑筋，你会找到一种好办法的。Hurry up，or we11 be late(=If we dont hurry up，we11 be late)快点不然我们就迟到了。6Be so kind/good as+不定式(此句型用来表达客气的请求，so kind/good as相当于kind/good enough)。如：Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary请把你的字典借给我吧。考点2 反意疑问句1基本结构 如陈述部分为肯定形式，简短问句为否定形式；如陈述部分为否定形式，简短问句为肯定形式。如：It is a fine day，isnt it?今天是个好天气，不是吗?He isnt a teacher，is he?他不是老师，对吗?特别提示前半部分为否定形式的反意疑问句的答语与汉语不同。如：一Tom doesnt know itdoes he?汤姆不知道这事，对吧? 一Nohe doesnt/Yes，he does对，他不知道。/不，他知道。2陈述部分如含有”never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing”等否定词或半否定词时，这部分应视为否定形式，简短问句就用肯定形式。如：He was hardly twelve then，was he?他当时几乎不到十二岁，是吗?3. 陈述部分含有带”否定”前缀的词，则这部分应看做肯定形式，简短问句就用否定形式如：she dislikes the way you work，doesnt she?她不喜欢你的工作方式，对吗?4祈使句的反意疑问句肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/wont you；否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。如：Have a little more coffeewill you/wont you?再来点咖啡，好吗?5陈述部分含有must表推测时的反意疑问句陈述部分中的must表”一定，想必”等推测意义时，要根据陈述句部分的真实结构，在简短问句中采用与其相符合的助动词形式。(1)对现在的推测：You must be hungry now，arent you?你此刻一定很饿，对吧?=Im sure youre hungry now，arent you?(2)对现在进行时的推测：He must be watching TV now，isnt he?他现在一定在看电视，对吗?：Im sure he is watching TV now，isnt he?(3)对现在完成时的推测：Tom must have lived here for a long timehasnt he? Tom一定在这儿生活了很久，对吗?=Im sure Tom has lived here for a long time，hasnt he?(4)对过去的推测：She must have arrived yesterday，didnt she?她昨天一定来了，对吗?=Im sure she arrived yesterday，didnt she?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语yesterday)6陈述部分的主语为this/that/everything等时，简短问句的主语用it。如：Everything is all right，isnt it?一切准备就绪，是吗?7陈述部分的主语为everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody/nobody/no one/someone等时，简短问句的主语用he，口语中也用they。如：Everyone knows the answer，doesnt he/dont they?每个人都知道这个答案，对吗?9陈述部分是there be句型时，简短问句的主语用there。如：There used to be a village near the mountain，usednt there?山的旁边曾经有一个山村，是吗?10在复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句的主谓语须与主句的主谓语保持一致。如：It is the first time that you have e here，isnt it?你是第一次来这儿，对吗7特别提示如果陈述部分是I/We dont think/believe/suppose/imagine+宾语从句，则简短问句的主语要与宾语从句的主语保持一致。如：I dont think he is forty，is he?我认为他没有四十岁，是吗?考点3感叹句感叹句常表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪。感叹句常有以下几种情形：1what式感叹句(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What a wonderful time we had yesterday!昨天我们玩得多开心呀!(2)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!如：What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花儿啊!(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊!2how式感叹句(1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如：How clever she is!她多么聪明呀!(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如：How strange a feeling it was!多么奇怪的一种感情啊!3省略式感叹句(1)how直接修饰谓语动词：How+主语+谓语!如：How we love our motherland!我们是多么热爱自己的祖国啊!(2)省略主语和谓语。如：What an interesting book!多有趣的一本书啊!4特殊式感叹句The design and the colours!多美的图案和色彩!To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁!第三课时 高考链接（针对性练习）【高考链接】1、Sallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre，_？Ahasnt she Bhas she Cisnt she Dis she2、He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，_？Ais he Bisnt he Cmust he Dmustnt he3、Please do me a favor_ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.Ato invite Binviting Cinvite Dinvited4、 You and I could hardly work together，_？Acould you Bcouldnt I Ccouldnt we Dcould we5、_ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.AIt has BThey have CIt remains DThere remains6、Its the first time that he has been to Australia，_？Aisnt he Bhasnt he Cisnt it Dhasnt it 7、The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was!A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a sceneC. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene8、He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，_？Ais he Bisnt he Cmust he Dmustnt he9、When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf,_ ?A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you10. _ fast the boy ran!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an11. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, what C. How, whatD. What, how12. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 13. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an14. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an15. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an16. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to see her!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an17 _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an18. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an19. _ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an句型转换1. The students are listening to the teacher carefully .( 改为感叹句)2. We had a good time in summer holidays . (改为感叹句)3. The river is long . (改为感叹句，两种)4. How nice the food is ! (改为同义句)5. How well he swims ! (改为同义句)6. What strong men they are ！(改为同义句)第四课时 简单句、并列句和复合句(一)（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词+不接成分或者状语：e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词 + 宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。补充：常见的不及物动词有：:appear, apologize, arrive, e, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen (take place, occur, break out) , rise，remain，last, agree, listen, look等常见系动词：be; look seem appear; feel sound smell taste look; keep remain stay; go get turn bee grow run fall; prove turn out; lie stand sit 翻译练习1. 会议将持续两个小时。 2. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化3. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。4. 孩子们，请保持安静。5. 布朗夫人看起来很健康6. 这本书他读过多次了。 7. 他们成功地完成了计划。8. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言9. 我开窗户你在意吗？10. 她再次向我道歉11. 这个事实证明是正确的。12. 食物已经变质了。13. 我们发现他是一个诚实的人14. 由于大火的结果，成千上万的人失去了家园。15. 学生们一路上不停地说笑。16. 我妈妈叫我做作业，而不是洗碗。17. 在公共场合，不允许人们吸烟。 18. 我英语发音方面有些困难。19. 每年我花费二百元买书。20. 我们学校图书馆将为学生们提供各种类型的书。21. 飞机比火车重20倍。22. 吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果对你的健康很有益。23. 由于老师的帮助，他考上了一所名牌学校。24. 这份英语报纸深受英语学习者的欢迎。25. 这项决定非常重要。26. 教室里只有十来个学生。27. 小偷挣脱了警察逃跑了28. 人们认为他是一个热心肠的人29. 我将让学生们制定一份学外语的计划第五课时 简单句、并列句和复合句(二)（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（四）复合句的分类复合句（plex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。 主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。 从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。复合句可分为： 1).定语从句（The Attributive Clause）；定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词 2).状语从句（The Adverbial Clause）；在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分 3).名词性从句（The Noun Clause）名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and e back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、按要求完成下列句子：1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑问）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）7. This magazine es out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）8. They could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑问）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）三：复合句的翻译练习 1当你离开教室时，务必关灯。 2你一旦开始，就必须进行下去。 3如果你不快点，你就会误了火车。 4这个男孩说他曾经和一位美国人讲过英语。 5老师告诉我们英国英语与美国英语拼写方面有些不同。 6如果今天下午下雨的话，我就乘出租车去上学。 7为了赶上头班车我明天得起得早点。 8科学家担心有一天一次更大的地震会袭击这座城市。 9建于1960年的那栋房子在这次地震中巍然屹立。 10研究地震的人们认为把房子建在沙地上是不安全的。 11去年地震时，失去家园的人数多达5千。 12这就是你昨天买的那本书吗？ 13正站在我们教室前面的那位女士是我们的英语老师。 14在西方国家人人都喜欢牛奶作成的奶酪。 15当你说英语时，必须让别人听懂。 16你认为他来回答这些问题很难吗？ 17据报道在那个地区又建了一所新学校。 18她出生的那个村庄很美。 19他想要一个能放书的箱子。 20Jack有两个姐姐，其中一个是护士。 21借走我自行车的那个人叫Paul。 22你越表扬他，他工作越努力。 23他买了一引起与书相配的磁带。 24他在巴黎时学会了法语。 25那是一个女人只能呆在家里的时代。 26你最好带把伞，以防万一下雨。 1. Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.2. Once you begin, you must go on. 3. Youll miss the train unless you hurry up.4. The boy said he had ever spoken English to an American. 5. The teacher told us that there were some differences between British English and American English in spelling. 6. If it rains this afternoon, Ill take a taxi to go to school. 7. Ive to get up early tomorrow so that I can catch the first bus. 8. The scientists are afraid that one day another big earthquake will hit the city.9. The house which was built in 1960 still stayed up in the earthquake. 10. People who do research on earthquakes think it not safe to build houses on sand. 11. The number of the people who lost homes reached 5,000 in the earthquake last year. 12. Is this the book you bought yesterday? 13. The woman who is standing in front of our classroom is our English teacher.14. In western countries everybody likes the cheese which is made from milk.15 When you speak English, you must make yourself understood.16 . Do you think it difficult for him to answer these questions?17 It is reported that another new school has been set up in that area.18 The village where she was born is very beautiful.19 He wanted a box in which he could keep books20 Jack has two sisters, one of whom is a nurse.21 The man who borrowed my bike is called Paul.22 The more you praise him, the harder he works.23 She has bought some tapes which go with the book. 24 He learned French when he lived in Paris. 25 There was a time when women could only stay at home.26 Youd better take an umbrella in case it rains. 第六课时 一般现在一般过去时英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态（tense）。英语动词的时态，按动作发生的先后顺序，可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四个时间；按动作发生的方式，又可分为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种类型。每一种时态与每一种类型相结合，组成了英语动词的整个时态体系一般现在时1. 构成 肯定 主语+动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S） 主语+am/is/are +表语把下列句子变为否定句和疑问句 I usually go to school at 6:00 amHe is a teacher. 2、用法（1）表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态一般现在时表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态，常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用He always sleeps with the windows open.I play ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. （2）一般现在时表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard .他工作很努力 Does he like sports? 他爱好运动吗？（3）一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。Actions speak louder than words.百说不如一干。注意：主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，但宾语从句中如果所说的是客观真理，它的谓语动词仍用一般现在时。Galileo insisted that the earth goes around the sun.伽利略坚持认为地球绕着太阳转。（4）在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表将来的动作从句一般由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引导。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟。The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as he arrives. Ill begin the dictation when you are ready.如果你们准备好，我就开始听写。When they leave school, they will go to college.中学毕业后，他们去上大学。（5）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作，只限少数几个动词：go, e, leave, start等。The train starts at 10 o clock in the morning. The summer holidays begin next week.一般过去时：一般过去时的构成 肯定 主语+动词的过去式主语+was/were把下列句子变为否定句和疑问句He usually went to school by bike last year.He was tired after a long walk.2、一般过去时的用法（1）表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。Tom didnt e to class yesterday. We went to dance last night.-Hello! I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here? 喂!我不知道你在伦敦。你来多久了？-Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. 请你再把电话号码说一遍好吗？我刚才没听清楚。-It is 9568442. 9568442。-Oh, its you! I dint recognize you.哇，是你呀！我没认出你来。-Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.我刚理了发，而且我还带着新眼镜。-You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? 布伦达，你还没说我的新上衣怎么样呢，喜欢吗？-Im sorry I didnt say anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.对不起，我还没顾上。我认为穿在你身上当然好看。（2表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.注意：表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，还可用used to 或would加动词原形表示。When I stayed at Aunt Lius ,she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.当我住在刘大娘家时她常常告诉我解放以来农村发生的巨大变化。She used to go for a walk after supper, but now she prefers to stay at home.她过去晚饭后总出去散步，但现在她却喜欢呆在家里。（3）用来代替过去将来时 在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. He promised that when he went to the bookstore, he would buy me a book. He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果天下雨就不去了。第七课时 专项练习：一、 单选1 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain 2 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets3 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen4.When back?I came back just now.A. did you e B. have you eC. will you e D. are you going to e5. .Dont hand in your papers until class .A. is over B. was over C. are over D. will be over6. Excuse me. I I was blocking your way.A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing7. Bob would have helped us yesterday ,but he .A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy8. Bob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he ?A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave9. If you dont like the drink you_ just leave it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered10. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.A. didnt know B. hadnt known C. dont know D. havent known11What do you think of the movie?Its fantastic. The only pity is that I the beginning of it.A missed B had missed C miss D would miss12. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _to the well-educated.A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged13. The food here is nice enough. My friend _ me a right place.A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing14.Do you want a lift home? Its very kind of you, but I have to work late in the office. I overslept this morning because my alarm clock _. A. doesnt go off B. wont go off C. wasnt going off D. didnt go off15. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had二、填空1、 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( e) to visit.2、 _your sister_(know)English?3、The pot_(not look) like yours very much.4、 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?5 、Who_(想要 )to go swimming?6 、I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 7、 _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 8、She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 9. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.第八课时 一般将来时一 构成一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。will用于第二、三人称，shall第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩写为ll，will not简缩为wont但在美国英语中，各种人称皆可用will。把下列句子变为否定和疑问句He will help his sister with her lessons.二：一般将来时的用法（1）表示未来的动作或存在状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a month, in the future等。We shall leave for London next Monday.我们将在下周一去伦敦。（2）表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作The students will have five English