2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 7 Unit 20 New Frontiers 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 7 Unit 20 New Frontiers 北师大版重点识记词汇1.mass n.质量；物质；adj.大量的2.latter n.后者3.handy adj.方便使用的 4.shortly adv.不久；很快5.download vt.下载 6.update vt.更新7.conflict n.争执；冲突 8.equality n.平等9.stain n.污迹，污点 10.starvation n.饥饿11.in advance预先 12.welfare n.福利13.give away泄露(秘密) 14.take over接管，接收15.rescue vt.&n.拯救，救援 16.original adj.起初的；最早的17.assess vt.评价；评估 18.assist vt.帮助；协助19.procedure n.步骤；程序 20.correspond vi.通信；符合21.meanwhile adv.同时 22.outspoken adj.直言的，坦率的23.cure vt.治愈 24.exploration n.探测；探险25.phenomenon n.现象 26.press vt.按；压27.permanent adj.长久的，永久的 28.enterprise n.企业29.worn adj.磨损的wear vi.磨损30.instructor n.指导者；教练instruct v.教导，指导31.donate vt.捐赠；赠送donation n.捐赠32.poison n.毒药；毒物；v.毒害poisonous adj.有毒的33.declare vt.宣告；宣布declaration n.宣告；宣布34.permit vt.许可，允许；n.许可证；通行证permission n.允许，许可35.technical adj.技术上的technique n.技术，技巧technology n.工艺学；技术必背经典句式1.By the year 2030，development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years.到2030年，生物化学和医学的发展将能够在理论上使人类生命延长到至少150岁。2.Due to Chinas rapidly developing space programme，this could be sooner rather than later.由于中国太空计划的快速发展，这可能会提前而不会推迟完成。3.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would have been a pletely different place.要是没有先驱们在科技上的这些尖端突破，不管这些突破是侥幸的还是计划之中的，今天我们所知道的世界就会是一个完全不同的地方。4.I think there will be an invention that will help prevent drivers from getting stuck in traffic jams.我想将会有一种有助于防止司机困于交通阻塞的发明。构词记忆payment /peImnt/n.U支付；支付的款项/实物punishment /pnImnt/n.U&C处罚；惩罚；刑罚statement /steItmnt/n.C声明；陈述treatment /tritmnt/n.U1.对待；待遇2.治疗；疗法.词汇与派生A语境填词1Too much time was spent arguing about procedure(程序)2We should listen closely to the outspoken(直率的) criticisms.3She stopped corresponding(通信) with him after the death of her mother.4The fresh air and exercise cured(治愈) him of his headache.5How can I get this stain(污迹) out?6The government lays stress on welfare(福利) work.7Millions of people will face starvation(饥饿) next year as a result of the drought.8This pany is one of the largest enterprises(企业) of its kind.9There appeared to be a war between his head and his heart，and you could almost watch this conflict(冲突) going on.10She won praise for rescuing(挽救) an ailing business from near bankruptcy.B用所给词的适当形式填空11You will be instructed (instructor) where to go as soon as the plane is ready.12On the first day he went to school，the boy wore (wear) his school cap proudly.13It also gives advice on how and when doctors should raise the issue of organ donation (donate). 14A lot of poisonous (poison)waste water es from that chemical factory.15She has to apply for a permit if she wants to get permitted/permission to start her own business.(permit).短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空give away，figure out，make up for，take over，e into conflict，cure.of.，rescue.from，make a great breakthrough，look into，donate.to.16.Could you give me some tips on how to make up for the time I have lost?17Next you need to figure out how to get over those obstacles.18Mr.Bush feels that he is old，so his son will soon take over his business.19He often es into conflict with his roommates，which makes them annoyed.20Doctors are now able to cure people of many diseases which in former times would have killed them.21The little boy gave away his hiding place when he coughed.22And I would definitely donate money to the poor people.23Hubbe was making a great breakthrough in exploring the space.24They are looking into the cause of the accident.25He rescued a child from drowning.B用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 in terms of，in advance，in conclusion，shortly after，out of the ordinary，in progress，by mistake，nothing like 26.He was about to throw it away when he noticed something out of the ordinary.27During the Spring Festival，wed better book tickets in advance.28Shortly after ing back from the hospital，Tom gave up smoking.29And thats why youre seeing so many leaps in progress.30I brought other peoples baggage by mistake.31Now，I want my family to include a little girl who looks nothing like me or my wife.32puters will be more powerful than the human brain in terms of intelligence.33In conclusion，space exploration is still in its initial stage.经典句式34Li Hua worked very hard，which made it possible for her to go to college. 李华学习很努力，这使她很有可能考上大学。35We want the matter settled sooner rather than later.我们想尽快解决问题，不想拖到以后再办。36Without your help，we couldnt have succeeded.没有你们的帮助，我们就不会成功。37Be careful when you cross the busy street.If not，you may get run over by a car.过拥挤的街道时要当心。如果不这样你会被车撞死。1the former.，the latter.前者，后者the latter part后部分the latter point后一点the latter year晚年This latter part is of great importance.后一个论点是非常重要的。Of the two choices，I prefer the latter.在这两个选择中，我更喜欢后者。夯实基础(1)I invited Tom and Mary to my birthday party.The former (前者) is 15 years old and the latter (后者) is 14 years old.(2)Of your two examples，I prefer the latter(更喜欢后者).2 present adj.现存的，当前的；在场的，出席的；n.礼物(gift)；目前；v.授予(give.to)；展现，展示；呈现；主持(电视或广播节目)应试指导at present作为高级词汇替换nowat present(at the present time)现在；目前be present at 出席in the presence of sb.in ones presence当着的面，在面前present sth.to sb.present sb.with sth.向某人赠送某物make a present of sth.to sb.(make sb.a present of sth.)把某物赠送给某人for the present (for the time being)目前；暂时Besides，there are some presents I bought for my family members and friends；it will be a great disappointment to me if I cant find the suitcase.而且，箱子里面有我为家人和朋友买的礼物，如果找不到它，我会很失望。(重庆书面表达)图解助记 特别提醒present作前置定语时意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。夯实基础(1)语法填空The boy was punished in the presence of all his classmates.Who will be present at the concert?The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.(2)完成句子What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present(所有在场的人).They are optimistic about the present situation(目前的形势).3应试指导作为高级词汇替换 saverescue sb./sth.from sth.从中营救go/e to ones rescue去/来救某人rescuer n.救助者，救星，援救者We were about to close down the business，but the bank went/came to our rescue with a huge loan.我们几乎要停业，但银行借出了一大笔钱救了我们。Rescuers searched the rubble for survivors.救援人员在瓦砾中搜寻幸存者。词义辨析rescue，save(1)rescue意为“营救，救援”，指从危险中迅速有效地援救、抢救，一般指人，也指抢救东西不致毁坏。(2)save意为“拯救、救出”，是普通用语，指使受害者或物摆脱危险，使其保存或生存下来。夯实基础(1)用rescue，save的适当形式填空We are informed that more firefighters will be sent there to rescue the victims.Actually，it was a young policeman that saved his daughters life.(2)语法填空Having rescued(rescue) the drowning boy to the bank，he left without being noticed(notice).He promised to e to our rescue.4多词一义donate，contribute，give.todonate sth.to.把某物捐献给collect donations for.为募捐make/give/present a donation to捐赠The silver trophy was donated by a Leicester businessman.银制奖杯是由一个莱斯特的商人捐赠的。夯实基础用donate的适当形式填空(1)We are collecting donations for the relief fund.(2)All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections.(3)As the patients life hung in the balance，many volunteers offered to donate blood.5correspond to/with和一致correspond with和通信correspondence n.一致，符合；通信联系；往来书信in correspondence with与有通信联系correspondent n.记者，通讯员；通信者corresponding adj.符合的，相应的，相关的She still corresponds with American friends she met nine years ago.她仍与9年前结识的美国朋友们通信。The two maps of London correspond closely.这两张伦敦地图很相似。夯实基础用correspond的适当形式填空(1)Investment in the railways will bring a corresponding improvement in services.(2)Im also a correspondent for science.(3)His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.6应试指导“动词sb.of”类语境词义辨析的考查cure sb.of.治愈某人的；矫正某人的a cure for.针对的治疗take a cure接受治疗An operation finally cured his shin injury.手术最终治好了他胫部的伤。We need to cure our environmental problems.我们需要解决我们的环境问题。词义辨析cure，treat(1)cure表示“治愈”，宾语既可以是人，也可以是疾病，有时也表示“矫正；革除”。(2)treat表示“治疗”时，多接人作宾语，强调治疗动作，并不说明是否治愈。夯实基础(1)用cure，treat的适当形式填空The doctor was treating the girl who suffered from cancer.Who was it that cured the old professor of his cancer?(2)语法填空He said that he was cured(cure) with this medicine.He was at last cured of the bad habit.They have found a cure for rising prices.7declare.to be.宣布为declare war on.向宣战declare for/against表示赞成/反对He declared his intention to bee the best golfer in the world.他表明自己想成为世界上最好的高尔夫球选手。The U.N.has declared it to be a safe zone.联合国已宣布它为安全区。夯实基础(1)语法填空Only a month earlier，Mr.Stenholm had declared for/against the tax cut.It was the year when Britain declared war on Germany.It has been declared(declare) already that the contract is illegal.(2)他断言那是真的。(一句多译)He declared that it was true.(declare that.)He declared it to be true.(declare.to be.)1应试指导作为高级词汇替换ahead of timeadvance n.进步，进展；v.前进，行进；发展，进步advance on/upon/towards朝前进in advance of在前面；超前advanced adj.高级的；先进的；晚期的Thank you in advance!提前向你表示感谢。夯实基础(1)His ideas were in advance of his times(在他那个时代之前).(2)Napoleons army advanced on/upon/towards (朝着前进)Moscow.2应试指导give短语语境词义辨析give in to对屈服give up放弃give off放出；排出give out用完；分发；公布；精疲力竭give in投降；屈服；让步；呈送give way to给让路Someone in the group gave him away to the police.团伙中有人向警察告发了他。图解助记夯实基础用give短语的适当形式填空(1)He gave away most of his money to charity.(2)The car stopped when the petrol gave out.(3)She gave in to social pressure and quit smoking.(4)He gave up his seat to an old lady on the bus.3应试指导take短语语境词义辨析take for当作；误当作take off起飞；脱下；迅速流行；解除(工作、职务等)；撤掉take to喜欢；亲近；适应take.for granted认为理所当然take in吸收；欺骗；包括在内；收留；领会，理解；观看take apart拆开，拆卸take on呈现；雇佣take out拿出，取出；除去Lesley explains possible treatments but you can tell shes not taking it in.莱斯利解释了各种可行的疗法，不过，你可以看出来，她并没有领会。夯实基础用take短语的适当形式填空(1)The officer leading the investigation has been taken off the case.(2)She was taken on as a trainee.(3)He took the machine apart to clean and oil the parts.1 There is no doubt about it.关于这一点是毫无疑问的。(1)There is no doubt意为“毫无疑问”，后接that从句或“about名词”结构。There is doubt意为“值得怀疑”，后接whether引导的从句或“about名词”结构。(2)doubt v.& n.怀疑；疑问。作动词时，其用法如下：在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。作名词时，用法如下：用于肯定句时，一般接whether或if引导的同位语从句。用于否定句、疑问句时，一般接that引导的同位语从句。(3)be in doubt犹豫不决beyond doubt无疑地There is no doubt that what a cleaner does is harder pared with any other jobs in the society.毫无疑问，一个清洁工干的活比社会上其他工作都要辛苦。(广东读写任务)夯实基础语法填空(1)I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time.(2)I doubt if/whether they can swim across the river.(3)There is no doubt that she will e in time.(4)I have some doubt whether he will be elected.2 We started flying around the world and meanwhile，scientists figured out how to split the atom.我们开始坐飞机环游世界，与此同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子(1)疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词when，where，how等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。(2)“疑问词不定式”经常用在某些动词后作宾语，这样的动词(或词组)有：tell，show，know，learn，find out，forget，wonder等。(3)疑问词why后跟不定式时，省去符号to。(4)“疑问词不定式”结构中的不定式要用主动式，不用被动式。(5)此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用相应的从句。I dont know what to say.我不知道说什么好。夯实基础(1)He doesnt know what he will talk about.He doesnt know what to talk about.(改为简单句)(2)I really have no idea whether I will accept her invitation or not.I really have no idea whether to accept her invitation or not.(改为简单句)(3)Why dont you stop to have a rest?Why not stop to have a rest？(用why not改写句子)3 单元语法语法填空(1)This time tomorrow，I shall be flying (fly) to Shanghai.(2)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you will be eating (eat) fresh watermelon in the fall.(3)Guess what，weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer.How nice！You will be experiencing (experience) a different culture then.(4)By the end of this term，we will have finished (finish) our essays.(5)We shall have lived (live) here for five years by next March.高考题组.短文改错(xx四川)Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test difficulty，but I tried hardly to do it.Suddenly Mary，my best friend，asking me to let her to copy my answers.After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.But after the test，all of us were called to the teachers office.The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests.We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.I was very upset.I didnt cheat.I was just helping a friend.Why does she punish me?答案Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test ，but I tried to do it.Suddenly Mary，my best friend， me to let her to copy my answers.After for some time，I let her copy my answers.But after the test， of us were called to the teachers office.The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the .We were warned not to cheat again she would need to see our parents.I was very upset.I didnt cheat.I was just helping a friend.Why she punish me?.写作常用句翻译1.同时我把保持环境干净卫生当作我的职责。(meanwhile)(xx安徽书面表达)Meanwhile，I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.2.班长王华向她献上了准备好的鲜花。(present)(xx陕西书面表达)Wang Hua，our monitor，presented her with the prepared flowers.3.幸运的是，许多人和组织捐了大笔钱帮助他们顺利地接受大学教育。(donate)(2011湖南书面表达)Luckily，many people and organizations donate a lot of money to help them receive college education smoothly.4.每个小组介绍了“自己国家”的文化、先进的技术、环境保护、绿色新能源。(advanced)(xx湖南书面表达)Each group introduced “their countrys” culture，advanced technology，environment protection，new green energy.模拟题组.语法填空1.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.2.Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I will be writing (write) a report at home.3.I feel so excited！At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying (fly) to Shanghai.4.After getting lost in a storm，a member of the navy team was rescued (rescue) four days later.5.Jim went to answer the phone.Meanwhile，Harry started to prepare lunch.6.These teenagers dont know much of the world yet；thats why they were taken (take) in so easily.7.The moment the 29th Olympic Games were declared (declare) open，the whole world cheered.8.As is known to all，China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so.9.There are many books！Its not easy for us to decide what to take and what to leave behind.10.The centre was bought with money donated (donate) by former Beatle，George Harrison.单句改错1.He was informed short after it happened.shortshortly2.Rescuing timely，they now live a peaceful life.RescuingRescued3.Having known the truth，he felt at a dilemma.atin4.After graduation for ten years，they are still corresponding to each other.towith5.Up to now，the result should have declared.have后加上been6.Someone must have left the door open by the mistake.去掉by后的the7.Police are looking into about the disappearance of two children.去掉about8.We would have been put Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.去掉been9.This time tomorrow，I shall be flied to America.fliedflying10.They have worked here for five years by next May.They后加上shall或will.写作句式升级训练Though the kind woman got paid lowly，she decided to donate all she had saved，in the hope that she could help those with financial problems.(素材来源于xx广东读写任务)The kind woman who got paid lowly decided to donate what she had saved，hoping that she could help those with financial problems.(用who引导的定语从句、what引导的宾语从句及现在分词作状语改写句子).阅读理解Few years ago，I was on a plane with my friend，waiting for it to take off.The pilots voice was heard throughout the plane，“Sorry for the delay，ladies and gentlemen.Our engines dont work.We are going to jumpstart them.Once we get them going，well get up in the air and see what happens.”That was all he said，“See what happens？Shouldnt we have had a better plan than that？” At that point，I could only laugh nervously.One woman started crying，“Oh，no！We are going to crash！” There were sighs of desperation and anxiety，and we hadnt even taken off yet.The pilot even seemed unhappy.He told us our one engine was working double time，and his plan was to get up in the air and see what would happen！Then we did.We got up in the air，and what happened？Nothing.We arrived in Norfolk，and no sooner had the wheels touched down than applause burst out as everyone on the airplane breathed a sigh of relief.All too often，people stop chasing their goals just because they dont have a guaranteed(有保证的) result.But success will never be guaranteed.The best thing that you can do is just get up in the air，and see what happens.While I do prefer planning better to “seeing what happens” when it es to flying，it really isnt such a bad idea for life.If your effort is to build a business，then get up in the air and see what happens！Dont give yourself all the reasons why you cant.Do not wait until you have everything you need.You never will!If your goal is to start a friendship，say “Hello”，get up in the air and see what happens！The result could be very rewarding.If your goal is to learn a new skill，get up in the air and see what happens！It might not be as difficult as you think.It could be fun!1How did the author feel when the pilot said the engines didnt work?ADisappointed. BAnxious.CCurious. DRelieved.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“At that point，I could only laugh nervously.”可知，作者开始听到这个消息的时候很焦急。故选B项。2What can be inferred from the passage?AThe passengers began crying after the plane took off.BThe engines often worked double time to get started.CThe pilot tried to fort the nervous passengers.DThe passengers reached the destination safe and sound.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句话可推知，所有人都安全着陆了。故选D项。3The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “ ”Athink carefully before you make friendsBstart to fly the plane to see what will happenCmake an effort even if the result is uncertainDget up from the chair and greet somebody答案C解析句意猜测题。根据最后一段画线部分后面的“The result could be very rewarding.”可知，画线部分的内容旨在鼓励我们努力去尝试，不管结果如何。4Which can be the best title for the passage?AWe Will See What HappensBI Survived an Adventurous FlightCThe Pilot Risked Our LivesDMaking Plans Is Better than Taking Chances答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文章中反复出现的中心句“.get up in the air and see what happens.”可知，A项最适合作文章标题。.完形填空I opened my eyes to find familiar doctors standing by my hospital bed.They had some good 5 .They told me that my brother Adams 6 cells were beginning to work in my bone marrow(骨髓)I was showing signs of 7 ：I was able to walk around 8 without assistance，and I didnt need to be connected 9 to an IV machine.It was the “ 10 ”day.The doctors were sending me to the Hope Room，a house sponsored by the American Cancer Society.I would 11 there for the next three months and would be 12 by my boyfriend，Seamus.Pushed out of the 13 in a wheelchair，I took my first breath of fresh air 14 .But before I could 15 this moment，my mother had helped me put on a mask.I gave her a(n) 16 look，but I knew she was right.For the immediate future，I would need to 17 gloves and a mask wherever I wanted to go in public.No subways，no crowds. 18 ，I can enjoy my freedom，even if cancer continues to 19 my choices.My new freedom means not being 20 every couple of hours by a nurse with pills in her hand，not seeing doctors with their masks and their caring，and not being connected to an IV machine 24 hours a day.Freedom also means being able to 21 a homecooked mealmy mother and boyfriend try hard to cook for me in the kitchen