2019-2020年高三英语专题复习 There be句型.doc

2019-2020年高三英语专题复习 There be句型此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有 there is / are 过去有 there was / were 将来有 there will be/ there is / are going to be. 现在已经有 there has / have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be / there must have been. 过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be 此句型有时可用 live, stand, e, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等词代替be动词。Eg. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.There came a shout for help.There must have been a village here.There lies a book on the desk. 翻译句子1. The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. 2 . There used to be a cinema here before the war. 3. There happened to be nobody in the room. 4 Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 5. There remained just twenty-eight dollars. 6 There should be nothing doubtful. 第二课时 祈使句和感叹句一、简单句 只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。按照句子的功能，简单句可分为4类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。其中祈使句、疑问句中的反意疑问句以及感叹句的结构多为考查重点，应重点掌握。以下将对此作重点分析。【考点诠释】考点l 祈使句的判定和特点祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。谓语动词用动词原形。其主语是you，往往省略。常见的祈使句句型如下：1动词原形如：Lay down your arms!放下武器!Be sure to get there before eight Oclock一定要在8点前赶到那儿。2Dont或Never+动词原形。如：Never go out alone at night！不要在夜晚单独出去！3Do+动词原形(此句型表示强调)。如：Do tell her about it务必将此事告诉她。4主语+动词原形。如：Tomyou go and see whats happening汤姆，去看看发生什么事情了。You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor你们，女生擦桌子。你们，男生，打扫地板。5祈使句+and/or+陈述句 (and表示顺承关系，or表示转折关系)。如：use your head，and you11 find a good way(=If you use your head，you11 find a good way)动动脑筋，你会找到一种好办法的。Hurry up，or we11 be late(=If we dont hurry up，we11 be late)快点不然我们就迟到了。6Be so kind/good as+不定式(此句型用来表达客气的请求，so kind/good as相当于kind/good enough)。如：Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary请把你的字典借给我吧。考点2 反意疑问句1基本结构 如陈述部分为肯定形式，简短问句为否定形式；如陈述部分为否定形式，简短问句为肯定形式。如：It is a fine day，isnt it?今天是个好天气，不是吗?He isnt a teacher，is he?他不是老师，对吗?特别提示前半部分为否定形式的反意疑问句的答语与汉语不同。如：一Tom doesnt know itdoes he?汤姆不知道这事，对吧? 一Nohe doesnt/Yes，he does对，他不知道。/不，他知道。2陈述部分如含有”never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing”等否定词或半否定词时，这部分应视为否定形式，简短问句就用肯定形式。如：He was hardly twelve then，was he?他当时几乎不到十二岁，是吗?3. 陈述部分含有带”否定”前缀的词，则这部分应看做肯定形式，简短问句就用否定形式如：she dislikes the way you work，doesnt she?她不喜欢你的工作方式，对吗?4祈使句的反意疑问句肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/wont you；否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。如：Have a little more coffeewill you/wont you?再来点咖啡，好吗?5陈述部分含有must表推测时的反意疑问句陈述部分中的must表”一定，想必”等推测意义时，要根据陈述句部分的真实结构，在简短问句中采用与其相符合的助动词形式。(1)对现在的推测：You must be hungry now，arent you?你此刻一定很饿，对吧?=Im sure youre hungry now，arent you?(2)对现在进行时的推测：He must be watching TV now，isnt he?他现在一定在看电视，对吗?：Im sure he is watching TV now，isnt he?(3)对现在完成时的推测：Tom must have lived here for a long timehasnt he? Tom一定在这儿生活了很久，对吗?=Im sure Tom has lived here for a long time，hasnt he?(4)对过去的推测：She must have arrived yesterday，didnt she?她昨天一定来了，对吗?=Im sure she arrived yesterday，didnt she?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语yesterday)6陈述部分的主语为this/that/everything等时，简短问句的主语用it。如：Everything is all right，isnt it?一切准备就绪，是吗?7陈述部分的主语为everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody/nobody/no one/someone等时，简短问句的主语用he，口语中也用they。如：Everyone knows the answer，doesnt he/dont they?每个人都知道这个答案，对吗?9陈述部分是there be句型时，简短问句的主语用there。如：There used to be a village near the mountain，usednt there?山的旁边曾经有一个山村，是吗?10在复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句的主谓语须与主句的主谓语保持一致。如：It is the first time that you have e here，isnt it?你是第一次来这儿，对吗7特别提示如果陈述部分是I/We dont think/believe/suppose/imagine+宾语从句，则简短问句的主语要与宾语从句的主语保持一致。如：I dont think he is forty，is he?我认为他没有四十岁，是吗?考点3感叹句感叹句常表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪。感叹句常有以下几种情形：1what式感叹句(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What a wonderful time we had yesterday!昨天我们玩得多开心呀!(2)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!如：What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花儿啊!(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊!2how式感叹句(1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如：How clever she is!她多么聪明呀!(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如：How strange a feeling it was!多么奇怪的一种感情啊!3省略式感叹句(1)how直接修饰谓语动词：How+主语+谓语!如：How we love our motherland!我们是多么热爱自己的祖国啊!(2)省略主语和谓语。如：What an interesting book!多有趣的一本书啊!4特殊式感叹句The design and the colours!多美的图案和色彩!To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁!第三课时 高考链接（针对性练习）【高考链接】1、Sallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre，_？Ahasnt she Bhas she Cisnt she Dis she2、He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，_？Ais he Bisnt he Cmust he Dmustnt he3、Please do me a favor_ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.Ato invite Binviting Cinvite Dinvited4、 You and I could hardly work together，_？Acould you Bcouldnt I Ccouldnt we Dcould we5、_ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.AIt has BThey have CIt remains DThere remains6、Its the first time that he has been to Australia，_？Aisnt he Bhasnt he Cisnt it Dhasnt it 7、The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was! A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene8、He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，_？Ais he Bisnt he Cmust he Dmustnt he9、When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf,_ ?A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you第四课时 句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has bee more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, bee, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form ing to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）第五课时 句子成分练习练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to bee a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 第六课时 简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词 + 宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and e back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：I hope you are very well（）. Im fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here （）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. Its great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）. 三、按要求完成下列句子：1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑问）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）7. This magazine es out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）8. They could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑问）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）第7课时 一般现在一般过去时英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态（tense）。英语动词的时态，按动作发生的先后顺序，可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四个时间；按动作发生的方式，又可分为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种类型。每一种时态与每一种类型相结合，组成了英语动词的整个时态体系一般现在时1. 构成 肯定 主语+动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）主语+am/is/are +表语否定： 疑问：I usually go to school at 6:00 amHe is a teacher. 2、用法（1）表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态一般现在时表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态，常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用He always sleeps with the windows open.I play ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. （2）一般现在时表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard .他工作很努力 Does he like sports? 他爱好运动吗？（3）一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。Actions speak louder than words.百说不如一干。注意：主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，但宾语从句中如果所说的是客观真理，它的谓语动词仍用一般现在时。Galileo insisted that the earth goes around the sun.伽利略坚持认为地球绕着太阳转。（4）在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表将来的动作从句一般由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引导。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟。The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as he arrives. Ill begin the dictation when you are ready.如果你们准备好，我就开始听写。When they leave school, they will go to college.中学毕业后，他们去上大学。（5）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作，只限少数几个动词：go, e, leave, start等。The train starts at 10 o clock in the morning. The summer holidays begin next week.一般过去时：一般过去时的构成 肯定 主语+动词的过去式主语+was/were否定 疑问He usually went to school by bike last year.He was tired after a long walk.2、一般过去时的用法（1）表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。Tom didnt e to class yesterday. We went to dance last night.-Hello! I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here? 喂!我不知道你在伦敦。你来多久了？-Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. 请你再把电话号码说一遍好吗？我刚才没听清楚。-It is 9568442. 9568442。-Oh, its you! I dint recognize you.哇，是你呀！我没认出你来。-Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.我刚理了发，而且我还带着新眼镜。-You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? 布伦达，你还没说我的新上衣怎么样呢，喜欢吗？-Im sorry I didnt say anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.对不起，我还没顾上。我认为穿在你身上当然好看。（2表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.注意：表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，还可用used to 或would加动词原形表示。When I stayed at Aunt Lius ,she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.当我住在刘大娘家时她常常告诉我解放以来农村发生的巨大变化。She used to go for a walk after supper, but now she prefers to stay at home.她过去晚饭后总出去散步，但现在她却喜欢呆在家里。（3）用来代替过去将来时 在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. He promised that when he went to the bookstore, he would buy me a book. He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果天下雨就不去了。第8课时 专项练习：一、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain 4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied7.When back?I came back just now.A. did you e B. have you eC. will you e D. are you going to e8 We