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SectionGrammar,一,二,一、阅读下列句子,选出含有被动结构的句子1.Thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic-healthcampaignssince2001.2.Thesadtruthisthatmostofushavebeenbroughtuptoeatcertainfoodsandwesticktothemallourlives.3.Ihaveneverbeenabletolookatasnailsincethen.4.Hehasgonehome,becausehepromisedthathewouldvisithismom.5.Hehasbeenalwaystalkingwithhisgirlfriend.6.Hehasbeenbeatenbyhisfather.7.Wehavebeentoldnottostareatastranger.8.ShehasgonetoGuangzhou.9.Myhomeworkhasbeendonealready.10.Thehousehasbeenbuiltbytheyoungworkers.,一,二,含有被动的句子:答案:1,2,6,7,9,10,一,二,二、请用现在完成时态翻译下列句子1.我的朋友买了一辆新车。2.一种不知名的病毒进攻了我的电脑。3.我们还没有解决那些问题。4.你完成工作了吗?5.我没有见过你的书。,答案:Myfriendhasboughtanewcar.,答案:Anunknownvirushasattackedmycomputer.,答案:Wehaventsolvedthoseproblems.,答案:Haveyoufinishedthework?,答案:Ihaventseenyourbook.,Grammar:现在完成时的被动语态1.现在完成时的被动语态主要有以下几个方面的意义:1)表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,而且这个动作是被动的。翻译句子:【高考典句】(2015天津高考)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhasbeenagreedsofarbythetwosides.翻译:答案:尽管之前经过多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。2)表示在过去发生的,一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“Howlong.?”句型中。,单句填空:Asyouknow,papermoney(use)foroverathousandyears.答案:hasbeenused3)用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youcangohomeassoonasyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.作业一做完你就可以回家。,2.使用现在完成时的被动语态应注意的问题:1)在现在完成时的被动语态中,have/has和been缺一不可。阅读下列句子,指出哪些句子是现在完成时的被动语态:ThecomputerwasboughtlastSunday.Ihavebeenshownhowtogetalongwithsuchpeople.Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.ThedeskhasbeenrepairedbyMrLi.现在完成时的被动语态的句子:答案:,2)注意现在完成时被动语态与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的结果或影响。翻译句子:Themachinehasbeenrepaired.(说明动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,即:修好了。)翻译:答案:机器已经修好了。Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.(只说明动作发生在昨天。)翻译:答案:机器昨天被修理了。,3)不可与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday,threedaysago,in1970,in2050等),但可与不确定的时间状语连用(如already,yet,just,often,recently,inthepastfewyears等)。单句填空:Manyfreeways(build)acrossChinainthepastfewyears.答案:havebeenbuilt4)有些动词像finish,buy,start,begin等,表示的动作很短暂,我们称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。它们构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与for,since构成的短语或引导的句子连用,也不能用于“Howlong.?”句型中。翻译句子:11那项工作已经开始。答案:Thatjob/workhasbeenstarted.,5)带有双宾语的动词,如:give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,ask,pay,borrow,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语。变式训练:12主动语态:Ihavegivenhimthebook.(改为被动语态)被动语态1:答案:Hehasbeengiventhebook(byme).被动语态2:答案:Thebookhasbeengiventohim(byme).,6)带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为现在完成时的被动语态时,应将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语保留。主动语态中省略to的不定式作宾补的,被动语态中要还原to。13主动语态:Ihaveaskedhimtohelpyou.(改为被动语态)被动语态:答案:Hehasbeenaskedtohelpyou(byme).14主动语态:Ihavemadehimworkhard.(改为被动语态)被动语态:答案:Hehasbeenmadetoworkhard(byme).,7)短语动词变为现在完成时的被动语态时,要注意保持短语动词的完整性,动词后面原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。此类短语动词有:a.动词+介词lookafter,callon,relyon,lookfor,lookat,listento,dreamof,meetwith,laughat,resultin,waitfor,dowith,dealwith,operateon,referto,thinkof等b.动词+名词+介词payattentionto,makeuseof,takepartin,keepaneyeon,makefunof,catchsightof,setfireto,takeholdof,takenoteof,takecareof等c.动词+副词turnon,turnoff,turnout,carryon,carryout,thinkover,makeup,setup,putdown,handin,pointout,callup等,变式训练:15主动语态:Hehasreferredtothebook.(改为被动语态)被动语态:答案:Thebookhasbeenreferredto(byhim).16主动语态:Hehasthoughtofawayofdoingit.(改为被动语态)被动语态:答案:Awayofdoingithasbeenthoughtof(byhim).,8)现在完成时变为被动语态应注意的几个问题:a.有些动词和动词短语没有被动形式,也不可用其过去分词作后置定语,如:breakout,belongto,arrive,die,become,disappear,takeplace,happen等。单句改错:17Awarbetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenbrokenout.答案:去掉been18Asyouknow,greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcity.答案:去掉been,b.动词get,buy,sing,cook,fetch,make,spare,find等现在完成时的主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前常加介词for;其他动词的间接宾语前常加介词to。单句填空:19Apresenthasbeenboughtmybestfriend.答案:for20Thegifthasbeengivenmybestfriend.答案:toc.如果被动结构中强调行为的工具或使用的材料,用介词with;若指明动作的执行者,则用介词by。单句填空:21Thetreehasbeencutanaxe.答案:with22Thefloorhasbeensweptsomeone.答案:by,
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