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倒装强调省略,1.完全倒装和部分倒装。2.各种句子成分及习惯上的省略。3.强调句型及对谓语部分的强调。,复习重点,一、倒装,基础知识,1.完全倒装完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。在下列几种情况下多用完全倒装：地点状语位于句首，且主语为名词而谓语为不及物动词的陈述句。如：Onthetopofthehillstandsabigpinetree.,在“there+be/live/lie/stand/.”结构中。如：Oncetherelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等副词位于句首，主语为名词，谓语动词通常是be,come,go,run,rush,fly,follow,fall等词，时态为一般时。如：,Herearesomeadvertisementsaboutcars.Therecometherestofthestudents.Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas.注意：当主语是代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。如：Awayhewent.Downitcame.,有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡，常把句子的表语置于句首，构成完全倒装。如：PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorSmith,ProfessorBrownandmanyothercelebrities.Gonearethedayswhentheyhadnothingtoeat.such作表语提前时。如：SuchistheinfluenceofTVthatitcanmakeapersonfamousovernight.,有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的动词-ing形式、过去分词或不定式置于句首。如：Standingbesidethetablewashiswife.Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.Tobecarefullyconsideredarethefollowingquestions.,2.部分倒装部分倒装是把谓语的一部分（助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前。使用部分倒装的情况有：含否定意义的词或短语(如not,nor,never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,little,few,nowhere,notuntil,notonly,nosooner,innoway,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances,bynomeans等)置于句首时。如：,Neverwouldheknowwhatshehadsuffered.Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.Onnoaccountmustwegiveupthisattempt.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。如：Onlywhenshecamehomedidhermotherlearnthenews.,当表示前面提出的某一情况也同样适用于后者时，通常要用“so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”倒装结构。如：HecanspeakEnglishandsocanI.Ifshewontgotheretomorrow,neither/norwillI.当虚拟条件句含有were,should,had时，可省略if，将were,should,had移到主语之前。如：Shouldyourequireanything,givemearing.,Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.so.that结构中的“so+形容词/副词”置于句首时，主句通常要部分倒装，但如果谓语动词为be时，则为全部倒装。如：Soearnestlydidtheboybegthathisfathergavehispermission.（部分倒装）SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.（全部倒装）,3.常见考点高考对倒装的考查主要是方位词、否定词位于句首、so,neither,nor等位于句首及一些固定结构中的倒装。1)“Neverforasecond,”theboysays,“_thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt,2)Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardship_thelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.A.hadherealizedB.didherealizeC.herealizedD.hehadrealized,二、省略1.简单句中的省略简单句中，可以省略谓语(的一部分)或主语。另外，也可省略宾语等其他成分。如：(Iam)Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?Losingherbicycle(madeherupset).,2.并列句中的省略在由并列连词and,but,or等连接的并列句中，后边的分句中可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分，以避免重复。如：Myroomisonthefifthfloor,andhers(is)ontheeighth(floor).,3.复合句中的省略当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词中有be时，从句的主语和be可以省略。另外，当状语从句的主语和谓语是itis/was时，itis/was常被省略。如：Theboystudiesveryhardthough(heis)stillratherweak.Youmayturntothedictionarywhen(itis)necessary.,注意：在状语从句中，省略了从句中的主语和be动词，这时从句中可出现如下结构：连词(asif,as,once)+名词；连词(though,whether,when)+形容词；连词(whether,asif,while)+介词短语；连词(when,while,though)+动词-ing形式；连词)when,if,evenif,unless,once,than,as)+过去分词；连词(asif,asthough)+不定式。,在对话中，常用so或not来替代上文的一部分或整个从句。如：Doyouthinkhewilllendusahand?Ihopeso.(=Ihopehewilllendusahand.)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom,who等常可以省略。如：Heistheman(who/whom/that)youcandependon.,引导宾语从句的连词that常被省略。如：Weallknow(that)lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.为避免重复，不定式常省去前面出现的相同部分，而只保留不定式符号to。但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be,have时，这些词要保留。如：Isawhimplayingwithagun,andItoldhimnotto.,Mybrotherhaslostalotofweightheisthreekiloslighterthanheusedtobe.Hasnthefinishedwritingthereport?No,butheoughttohave.单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。如：Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidntwantto.,如果从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词一样，从句中的谓语动词可以用do,did,does等代替。4.习惯上的省略由固定短语引导的疑问句。如：Whatabouthavingagameofchess?Whatifitsraining?习惯性的交际用语。如：Notatall.不用谢。Nomatter.不要紧。Thanks.谢谢。,5.常见考点高考对省略的考查主要集中在不定式中的省略和状语从句中的省略。1)Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice_.A.nottodoB.nottoC.notdoD.donot,2)Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto,三、强调1.Itis/was.that/who(m).该句型可用于强调除谓语以外的其它句子成分，强调句的结构是：it+is/was+被强调部分+that/who(m)+其它部分。强调的主语是人，可用who引导后面的部分，间或用that；若主语是物，则用that。如果强调的宾语或介词宾语是人，用whom，间或用that；若宾语是物，用that。,强调状语时多用that引导。强调句的否定形式：Itisnt/wasnt+被强调部分+that/who(m).。一般疑问句形式：Was/Isit+被强调部分+that/who(m).?特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+was/isitthat.?not.until.的强调句形式为固定结构，即：Itis/wasnotuntil.that/who(m).。,2.do/does/did+动词原形如果需要强调谓语时，借用助动词do/does/did，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。如：Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.Illtellyousomethingthatdoessoundstrange.Shedidcomelate,verylate.Ihadmarkedherabsence,ofcourse.,3.常见考点高考对强调句的考查，主要考查强调句的陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句形式及与其它含it句型的区别。1)Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguide_themountainclimberwasrescued.A.whoB.thatC.whenD.how,2)Itwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapers_Mr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheart_goodrelationshipswithothers.A.willyoukeepB.youwillkeepC.youkeptD.didyoukeep,2.Nosooner_steppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.A.hadMoYanB.MoYanhadC.hasMoYanD.MoYanhas,3.Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,_,reaching30insummer.A.ifnotB.ifeverC.ifanyD.ifso,4.Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,_madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.A.whereB.whyC.thatD.what,5.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool_Mr.Smithgotangry?A.whyB.whoC.whereD.that,6.Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.Imgladwetookanumbrella.Yeah,wewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe_.A.hadntB.haventC.didntD.dont,专项练习,I.用括号内所给内容的正确形式填空。1.Seldom_(Iread)anarticlethatwassofulloflies.2.NotuntilIbegantowork_(realize)howmuchtimeIhadwasted.,didIrealize,haveIread,3.Ourmonitorsuggestedthattheproblemjustreferredto_(bediscuss)attheclassmeetingtomorrow.4.Ifyoustarttodoonething,_(devote)yourselftoitandfinallyyoullbepaidoff.5.Onlybyshowingyoursincerity_(youcanwin)thetrustofyourfriends.,canyouwin,(should)bediscussed,(do)devote,6.Onlywhenmysisterapologizesforherrudeness_(Ispeak)toheragain.7.Notonce_(itoccur)tohimthathemightbefallinginlovewithher.8.Soeasy_(theexercisebe)thatthestudentfinisheditinhalfanhour.,wastheexercise,willIspeak,diditoccur,II.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。1.Innocase_(你竟然被允许)todosuchafoolishthingagain.2.Itwas_(直到我去了医院)thatIbegantolearnaboutthiskindofdisease.,notuntilIwenttothehospital,shouldyoubeallowed,3.Itrytofind_(是什么阻止了)somanypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogram.4.Maryssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck._(是多年的努力工作)thathasmadeherwhatsheistoday.5.Theflowersintheothershop_(是更便宜但是不像这个商店的好).,butnotasgoodasthoseinthisshop,whatitisthatprevents,Itisyearsofhardwork,arecheaper,6.Anyonewhocommitsacrimemustbepunished_(不论他处于什么位置).7.Innoway_(理论能与实践分开).8.Onlybyincreasingthenumberofteachersby50percent_(学生才能被教好)inthisschool.,canthestudents,nomatterwhat/whateverhis,cantheorybeseparatedfrom,betaughtproperly,practice,positionis,
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