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一,二,三,一、考查情态动词的基本含义和用法(一)can与could1.表示能力,could主要指过去的能力,表示“过去有能力成功做成某事”时通常用was/wereableto。Thelittleboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?Everyonewasabletoescapewhenthefirebrokeout.2.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上,并不涉及此事真的发生),常译为“往往会,有时候可能会”,常用于肯定句中。Accidentscanhappenonrainydays.3.表示请求和允许。在问句中could比can语气要委婉。Youcangobackhomenow.,一,二,三,4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Howcanyoubesocareless?5.表示推测,常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强。Hecantbeintheclassroom;thelightisnoton.6.cannot/never.too/enough.表示“再也不为过”。Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhendrivingacar.7.cannotbutdosth./cannothelpbutdosth./cannotchoosebutdosth.表示“不得不,只好做某事”。Youcannotchoosebutgowithme.,一,二,三,(二)shall1.用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等;此外,颁布法律、规定时也用shall。Thenewlawshallcomeintoeffectnextmonth.2.用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示。Shallthemanstandingoutsidehaveatry?,一,二,三,(三)must1.表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustnt表示禁止。对比:haveto表示客观上的“不得不”,可用于各种时态。Youmustlistencarefullyinclass.Studentsmustntplaywithmobilephonesinclass.Ihadlostmykey,soIhadtowaitoutdoors.2.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪。Whymustyoubetalkingsoloudlywhenothersaresleeping?3.表示对具体事情的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,语气较强,只用于肯定句中。HemustcomefromAmerica.,一,二,三,(四)should1.表示义务,常译为“应该”,用于各种人称。Parentsshouldtakecareoftheirbabies.2.表示预测可能性,译为“可能,(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼。Itsnearly8oclock.Heshouldbehereatthemoment.3.表示惊讶、意外等,常译为“竟然,居然”。Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldspeakillofme.4.用在if条件句中,表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气,常译为“如果”。IfIshouldseehim,Iwouldtellhimthenews.,一,二,三,(五)will与would1.表示意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常指过去的意愿。Ifyouwillreadthebook,Illgiveittoyou.2.表示请求,用于疑问句中。would语气较委婉。Willyouclosethewindow?3.表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,常译为“总是,惯于”。would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。对比:usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。Hewouldsitintheparkwhichusedtobeafactoryreadingforhours.,一,二,三,(六)may与might1.表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气委婉。Youmayusemybike.2.表示推测,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱。Hemaygoout.3.mayaswell+动词原形,意为“最好,倒不如”。Youmayaswelldoitatonce.4.maywell+动词原形,意为“完全能,很可能”。Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeatfirstsight.5.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。Mayyoureturninsafety.,一,二,三,(七)need与dare1.二者都可以作为情态动词和行为动词。当作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作行为动词时,其变化和一般的动词相同,有人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do,does,did。dare用作行为动词,用于否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的to。Youneednthurry;heneedstodressup.Thelittledidntdare(to)gooutatnightalone.2.need作行为动词时,若主语为动作的承受者时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing.=Thehouseneedstoberepaired.3.Idaresay为习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”。Idaresayshedarenotspeaktoherfatherinthismanner.,一,二,三,二、考查“情态动词+havedone”的用法1.表示后怕、责备或遗憾,一,二,三,2.表示对过去事实的推断,一,二,三,三、了解虚拟语气的基本知识1.虚拟条件句,一,二,三,例如:Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.如果我们有时间,就和你一起去。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.如果你早听了我的建议,你考试就能通过了。Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.要是今天下午下雨,篮球比赛就延期举行。,(1)错综时间条件句在句子Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday,youwouldbetirednow.(如果你昨天工作很辛苦的话,那你现在就会很疲劳。)中,主句的动作和从句的动作发生的时间不一致。(2)如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,有时可把if省略,将were/had/should提至主语之前,形成倒装句;但否定形式的not不可提到主语前。,一,二,三,2.含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without等介词或副词来表示虚拟条件。有时亦可用分词短语或者名词短语来代替条件状语从句,要注意对语气的判断。例如:IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidntknowthattheywerewaitingforme.我本该早一些到,但我不知道他们在等我。Borninbettertimes(=Ifhehadborninbettertimes),hewouldhavebeenascholar.如果出生在更好的时代,他早就成为学者了。Afewhoursearlier(=Ifyouhadcomeafewhoursearlier),youwouldhavebeenabletomeetthefamouswriter.要是你早来几个小时,你就能见到这位著名的作家了。,一,二,三,3.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为:过去时:表示现在不可能实现的愿望过去完成时:表示过去不可能实现的愿望could/would/might+动词原形:表示将来不可能实现的愿望例如:Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鸟,能在天空自由飞翔。,一,二,三,(2)在主语从句中,下面的几种情况谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。“Itis+形容词+that.”句型。常见的形容词有important,necessary,natural,funny,strange,surprising,astonishing等。如:Itisnecessarythatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.我们掌握一门外语是有必要的。“Itis+名词+that.”句型。常见的名词有advice,suggestion,proposal(提议,建议),requirement,desire,order等。如:Itwasapitythatyoushouldbesocareless.你这么粗心真是可惜。,一,二,三,“Itis+动词的过去分词+that.”句型。常见的动词有advise,order,propose,request,suggest,demand,require等。如:Itwasorderedthatparking(should)notbeallowedinfrontofthebuilding.规定楼前不准停车。(3)在下列动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。这类动词有:insist,urge,order,command,request,demand,require,suggest,advise,propose,recommend等。如:Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.她建议我们马上离开。,一,二,三,insist/suggest各有两种意思,要用不同的语气。insist表示“坚决要求”时,用虚拟形式,即should+do;表示“坚称,坚持说”时,用陈述语气,表示事实。suggest表示“建议”时,用虚拟形式;表示“表明,暗示”时,用陈述语气。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.她苍白的脸色说明她病了,她的父母建议她做个医疗检查。Heinsistedthatshewasseriouslyillandthat(should)besenttohospitalatonce.他坚称她得了重病,并且坚决要求她应马上被送往医院。,一,二,三,(4)在含有advice,order,demand,proposal(提议),requirement,suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。如:Myadviceisthatyou(should)treatherwell.我的忠告是你应该善待她。Hemakesthedemandthatshe(should)leavetheplaceatonce.他要求她立刻离开这个地方。(5)wouldrather后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示愿望,意为“宁愿,但愿”。其谓语动词构成形式为:一般过去时:表示对现在或将来的情况的虚拟过去完成时:表示对过去的情况的虚拟Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butIdratherhefocusedmoreonitsculture.乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况,但是我宁愿他更多地关注它的文化。,一,二,三,4.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法在“Itis(high/about)time(that).句型”中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,或用should+动词原形(其中should通常不省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该”,用来表示提议。Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.你该去上学了。5.asif/asthough引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气。,Hestoodupandofferedherhisseat,asifhehadreadhermind.他站起来给她让座,他好像读懂了她的心思。,一,二,三,6.在ifonly引导的感叹句中,常用虚拟语气,表示愿望,意为“要是就好了”。Ifonly+句子相当于HowIwish+that从句。Lookatthetroublewerein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteachersadvice!看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了!,.完成句子(高考真题变式训练)1.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey(throw)awayinthepast!2.Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwonttakelong.3.AlthoughyoufindbargainsinLondon,itsnotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.4.therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.5.IfMrDewey(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.6.Ivepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.Doyoumeanwebringanythingwithus?,wouldhavethrown,Can,can,Were,hadbeen,neednt,7.Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,bringmefood.8.Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestbecometherichest.9.Wewouldratherourdaughter(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.10.IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymothertakemetoDisneylandatweekends.,should,might,stayed,would,.单句改错1.Ifonlyhelayquietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.2.HowIwisheveryfamilyhasalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!3.Iinsistedhewenttoseeadoctor,butheinsistednothingwaswrongwithhim.4.Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday.Iwouldrathershewilltellmetomorrowthantoday.5.Wouldyouhavecalledherup?Yes,butIhadbeenbusydoingmyhomework.,答案:layhadlain,答案:hashad,答案:wentgo/shouldgo,答案:willtelltold,答案:hadbeenwas,6.Itgotitsnamefromthewoodenwallthatwasusedtostandwherethestreetnowruns.7.Ipickedupthisbookfromasecond-handbookshopifyoushouldknow.8.IfyouwontdoasItellyou,youcantgetthechancetobepromotedbecausethecompetitionisjusttoofierce.9.Martinhasntbeenintouchwithmeforages.Hemustntgetmynewcellphonenumber.10.Thedoorcouldntopen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.,答案:去掉was,答案:shouldmust,答案:cantshant,答案:mustntcant,答案:couldntwouldnt,
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