2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 6 Unit 16 Stories 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 6 Unit 16 Stories 北师大版重点识记词汇1.abandon vt.放弃，遗弃；n.放任，放纵2e into view出现3.knock sb.over撞倒某人 4.once upon a time从前5.witness v.目击；n.目击者 6.occur vi.发生7.block out封闭 8.tremble vi.颤抖，发抖9.loss n.遗失，丢失 10.in a way从某种程度上说11.on ones side侧身 12.sympathy n.同情13.on the way to在去的路上 14.pay rise增加工资15.split up (使)解散；决裂 16.gather vi.&vt.聚集17.sorrow n.悲伤，难过 18.burst vi.爆炸；闯，冲19.specific adj.详细的；特定的 20.hold up支撑起21.significance n.重要性；意义 22.count on依靠23.vivid adj.生动的，逼真的 24e across偶然遇见25.discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心 26.figure out理解，弄清楚27.end up以结束，以告终 28.in particular特别，尤其29.severe adj.严重的；严厉的 30.put up with容忍，忍受31.stubborn adj.倔强的，固执的 32.former adj.以前的33.troublesome adj.引起麻烦的 34.now that既然35.eager adj.渴望的，热衷的 36.precious adj.宝贵的37.gradual adj.逐渐的38plex adj.复杂的39.applaud vi.&vt.鼓掌40.apparent adj.明显的，显而易见的41.breakthrough n.突破，重大发现42.tense adj.紧张的tension n.紧张43.name.after以的名字给某人/某物命名44.preserve vt.保护，保存preservation n.保护；保养45.particularly adv.特别地；特定地particular adj.特别的46.abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的normal adj.正常的47.admirable adj.令人钦佩的admire vt.钦佩48.unbearable adj.不能忍受的bearable adj.可忍受的bear vi.容忍，忍受49.restriction n.限制，约束restrict vt.限制，限定50.expand v.扩大，扩充expansion n.扩张必背经典句式1.Another man，lying on his side，looks as if he is trying to get up.躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像在试图站立起来。2.Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。3.It was the first time Helen had understood such a plex worda word for something she couldnt touch.这是海伦第一次理解这么复杂的单词一个代表她触碰不到的东西的单词。4.Uncertain about how to fix them，she stopped to think carefully.不能确定如何修理它们，她停下来仔细思考。构词记忆difficulty /dIfIkltI/n.1.U困难；艰难2.C难点；难事；难题disability /dIsbIltI/n.C&U无能；伤残discovery /dIskvrI/n.U&C发现；被发现的事物electricity /IlektrIstI/n.U电；电学；电流；电力供应equality /ikwltI/n.U相等；相同；平等majority /mdrtI/n.U多数；大多数.词汇与派生A语境填词1Well gather(集合) at the Students Club at 8 pm this Friday，after the evening classes.2The girl in the shop is always eager(热心的) to please every customer. 3The day witnessed(见证了) the successful launch of Tiangong1，that is，Chinas development in lunar exploration program.4The policy guarantees us against all loss(损失)5I dont want such a thing to occur(发生) again.6She was discouraged(泄气) in her marriage.7We attached no significance(意义) to his statement.8It was a breakthrough(突破) for me.9The broken car was abandoned(遗弃) by the riverside.10As we know，time is more precious(宝贵的) than anything else in the world.B用所给词的适当形式填空11The society was set up to preserve (preservation) endangered species from extinction.12Her temperature soon returned to normal (abnormal)13As far as I know，you are enthusiastic about Chinese traditional culture，particularly (particular) Chinese opera.14The roof will not bear (unbearable) the strain of its weight. 15But we continue to trust in such solutions because，well，they relieve the tension (tense).短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空name after，knock over，e across，refer to，put up with，count on，figure out，hold up，end up，go wrong16.If she could put up with the conditions there，we could take her.17Every time they went dancing they ended up in a bad mood.18When I said someone was foolish，I wasnt referring to you.19I came across an old photo while tidying up my study，which reminded me of my happy childhood.20They were held up by the heavy fog，so they were late.21After a broken promise，it is hard for people to count on you.22A boy was knocked over by a passing car but fortunately he was not hurt severely.23We cant figure out why quite a number of insects，birds，and animals are dying out.24The aircraft carrier was named after a famous general.25When things go wrong，you mustnt quit.B用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空in particular，in a way，once upon a time，instead of，on ones side，on the way to，now that26.The baby was lying on his side watching his mother.27Ill look after grandma instead of mum tonight.28The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent.29I never miss breakfast，so I either eat at home or eat on the way to school.30Now that you put your hand to the work，you should do your utmost to finish it.31In away，it is nice to be working alone.32Once upon a time there was a poor old fisherman.经典句式33We neednt have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner. 既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们本不必买这么多食物的。34It is the first time that he has been praised by his teachers.这是他第一次受到老师们的表扬。35The woman loves the children deeply as if she were their mother.这个女人深爱着孩子，就好像是他们的妈妈一样。36Tired and hot，we had to have a break.又累又热，我们不得不休息一下。1 abandon v.放弃(stop doing)；遗弃，抛弃(leave)；沉湎于；n.放任；放纵(an uncontrolled way of behaving)应试指导(1)后跟动名词(2)过去分词作定语的考查abandon oneself to.纵情；沉溺于abandon sth.to sb.把某事遗弃给某人abandon doing.放弃做with abandon放纵地；尽情地an abandoned child弃儿The authorities have abandoned any attempt to distribute food.当局中止了分发食物的尝试。We are scared to abandon ourselves to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control.我们不敢放纵自己的情感，以免显得太过软弱或缺乏自制。夯实基础(1)语法填空Soon they reached an abandoned(abandon) building，where there once lived an old monk.My doctor advised me to abandon smoking(smoke).(2)He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didnt pass the exam.Abandoning himself to the Internet games，he didnt pass the exam.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)Abandoned to the Internet games，he didnt pass the exam.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)2preserve.from.保护免受be well preserved保存得很好in good preservation处于良好的保存状态We will do everything to preserve peace.我们会尽全力维护和平。Pantanal is one of the worlds great wildlife preserves.潘塔纳尔是世界上最大的野生动物保护区之一。夯实基础(1)I think these traditional customs should be preserved(应该受到保护).(2)No one could preserve him from(保护他免受) such a fate.He deserved that.(3)The town is so beautiful！I just love it.Me too.The character of the town is well preserved.(保存得很完好)3 witness v.当场看到，目击；见证(see sth.happen)；为的证据；n.目击者；证人(a person who sees sth.happen)；证据(evidence)应试指导无生命名词作主语时的写作词汇a witness to.的证人(证据)bear/give witness to/against为作证；证明(a) witness for作证，为辩护witness to doing.为作证；出庭证明；证实No witnesses have e forward.没有目击证人站出来。夯实基础语法填空(1)He witnessed to having seen(see) the man enter the room.(2)His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.(3)The past ten years has witnessed(witness) a boom in economy in my hometown，as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before.4多词一义occur，happen，e about，take placesth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起；某人发生某事It occurs to sb.that./to do.某人突然想起Didnt it occur to you that he was lying?你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？The crash occurred only minutes after the plane took off.空难在飞机起飞几分钟后就发生了。思考题表示“某人想起”的短语还有：sth.strike/hit sb.，sb.hit/strike on sth.，sthe to sb.等。夯实基础语法填空(1)An idea occurred to me.(2)An idea came to/into my mind.(3)I hit/struck on an idea.(4)It suddenly occurred to me that I hadnt locked my door.5at a loss不知所措，困惑be lost in陷入lose v.丢失；损失，丧失lose face丢脸,lose weight减肥He was at a loss what to do.他对做什么不知所措。He is afraid of making mistakes and losing face in public.他害怕出错在公众面前丢脸。夯实基础用lose的适当形式填空(1)Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem to be losing the art of municating face to face.(2)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.(3)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(4)He enjoyed his music，lost in happiness.6 burst v.爆炸；爆裂(to break apart)；胀开(to break open)；冲，闯；突然出现(appear suddenly)；n.突发；爆破；爆裂burst (break) inton. 突然爆发；闯入burst (break) out doing.突然开始做burst in突然冲入burst forth迸发Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken away.昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。图解助记夯实基础Hearing the news，John burst into tears.Hearing the news，John burst out crying.(用v.ing形式改写句子)7应试指导作为高级词汇替换importancebe of great significancebe very significant非常重要be of no significance无意义/不重要the significance of.的重要性/含义significantly adv.有重大意义地；意味深长地.Few people realized the significance of the discovery.很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性。He smiled significantly at his students.他意味深长地对他的学生笑了。夯实基础Innovation in car design is very significant.Innovation in car design is of great significance.(用“beof名词”结构改写句子)8多词一义discourage sb.from doing.，prevent sb.from doing.，keep sb.from doing.，stop sb.from doing.discourage sb.from doing sth.劝/阻止/不鼓励某人做某事discouraged adj.泄气的，沮丧的，灰心丧气的discouraging adj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的discouragement n.劝阻；泄气，使人泄气的事，挫折，气馁encourage v.(反义词)鼓励；激励；促进encourage sb.to do.鼓励某人做encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的encouragement n.鼓舞；鼓励courage n.勇气I knew that nothing would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.我知道没有什么会使他灰心，他永远也不会放弃想成为一名导演的愿望。(湖南，24)夯实基础(1)用discourage的适当形式填空If you meet with any difficulty in your study，dont be discouraged.The examination result is discouraging.Lets start a campaign to discourage smoking among the teenagers!(2)He was discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt and decided to give it up.Discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt，he decided to give it up.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)9be eager to do.渴望做be eager for.急于得到be eager that.热切地希望only too eager to do.过于迫切地想做Robert was eager to talk about the life in the army.罗伯特很想谈谈他的陆军生活。She is so eager for success.她太渴望成功了。特别提醒(1)表达“急切/盼望(做)”的短语还有：be anxious for/to do.，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do.，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do.等。(2)too eager to do.急于做某事，而非“太着急而不能做”。词义辨析anxious，eageranxious是“渴望的，急于”的意思，侧重于对结果感到不安。eager也是“渴望的，急于”的意思，指对成功的期望或对做某事的渴望。夯实基础(1)用eager，anxious填空He is still absent，so I am quite anxious about his health.She is eager for her parents approval.(2)He was eager to see the film，so he finished dinner quickly and hurried off.Eager to see the film，he finished dinner quickly and hurried off.(用形容词短语作状语改写句子)1 in a way有几分；从某种意义上讲，从某方面来说；在某种程度上(to some extent；up to a certain point)应试指导(1)way前面冠词的使用(2)in no way置于句首的倒装all the way一路上；完全地by way of经由；途经in the way挡路on the way在路上in no way绝不(置于句首句子用倒装)in this way用这种方法In this way，I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overe problems all by myself.用这种方法，我不但解决了问题而且提高了独立克服困难的能力。(安徽书面表达)夯实基础(1)用way的相关短语填空We can allow such a thing to continue in no way.You will soon receive the parcel for it is on the way.You can solve this problem only in this way.(2)按照要求改写句子In no way can we allow such a thing to continue.(将上题句变为倒装句)Only in this way can you solve this problem.(将上题句变为倒装句)2应试指导hold短语语境词义辨析hold back阻挡；抑制；克制；控制hold on to抓住；保留hold out伸出；维持；给予希望；使有可能hold on(电话用语)别挂断，等一下；坚持；紧紧抓住hold down控制；保持The moment you think about giving up，think of the reason why you hold on so long.每当你想放弃的时候，想一想你坚持这么久的原因。What else held back stocks yesterday?还有哪些因素抑制了昨日股市的表现？夯实基础用hold短语的适当形式填空(1)The roof is held up by wood.(2)Doctors hold out little hope of her recovering.(3)The government took a series of measures to hold down prices.3 count on/upon (depend/rely on/upon)依赖，依靠多词一义(1)count，consider，regard，judge，matter(2)count on，depend on，rely oncount vi.认为，算作；重要；vt.数数；包括count.in把包括在内count.out不包括count sb./sth.as/to be.认为某人/物count up (add up)把加起来Few people can count on having a job for life.几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干一个工作。If you are going out tonight youll have to count me out.假如你们今晚要出去，就别把我算在内。夯实基础语法填空(1)Im counting on you to help me.(2)I hear youre organizing a trip to the game next week？Count me in!(3)Will you please count up these figures for me?4应试指导作为高级词汇替换understand多词一义figure out，work out，settle，solvefigure n.数字；身材；体形；人物；v.计算；认为keep ones figure保持体形I cant figure out why he quit his job.我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。Dont worry well figure something out.别担心，我们会找到办法解决的。夯实基础(1)写出下列句子中figure的汉语意思She has a good figure.身材By xx，this figure had risen to 14 million.数字Chairman Mao is an important political figure.人物(2)语法填空Figuring(figure) that he is sure to e，we have been waiting for him.Having figured(figure) out the final total number，they were satisfied with the result.5 end up(多指出乎意料地)最终处于，(以)告终(in sth.)；最终(成为)(as sth.)；最终(做)(doing)；以结尾(with sth.)；结果为多词一义end up with，end up in，finish，acplish，pletebring/put.to an end使终止on end竖着，直立着；连续地make ends meet使收支相抵e to an end结束at an end结束；终止After a luxurious life，he ended up in poverty.他过了一段奢侈的生活后，最终变得穷困潦倒。夯实基础(1)We were planning to go out，but ended up watching a football game at home (在家看足球赛).(2)The young couple seemed very happy，but they ended up getting divorced/in divorce (离婚).6应试指导put短语的语境词义辨析put forward提出put through给接通电话(to sb.)；做完，完成；使经受(痛苦)put aside把搁一边；积蓄put away收起；存钱；把放回原处put in投入；安装；插话as sb.puts it按照某人的说法How do you put up with that woman?你怎么能受得了那个女人？She has a few thousand dollars put away for her retirement.她为退休生活积攒了几千元钱。夯实基础用put短语的适当形式填空(1)He has put forward new peace proposals.(2)We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in mon.(3)Hello.Could you please put me through to Mr.Brown?1 Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。now that既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。其他表示原因的连词或介词：because因为(语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问)since因为；既然(可与now that互换)as因为(语气较弱)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等Now that the children know，we can tell everyone else.既然孩子们知道了，我们就可以告诉其他人了。夯实基础语法填空(1)Now that/Since youre here，why not have a drink?(2)Since it is late I shall go home now.(3)The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too large.(4)It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.2 Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。(1)unless除非；如果不，引导一个肯定的条件状语从句，从句有时可与if.not引导的否定状语从句互换。(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。Unless you are trying to lose weight to please yourself，its going to be hard to keep your motivation level high.除非减肥是为了悦己，否则很难保持积极性。夯实基础(1)I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.I want you to keep working if I dont tell you to stop.(用if从句改写句子)(2)要是不能额外弄一些钱，剧院将要关闭。(翻译句子)Unless some extra money is found，the theatre will close.3 单元语法语法填空(1)There was nothing left of the town.The earthquake of the previous year had destroyed(destroy) it pletely.(2)We were late.When we arrived，the show had started(start).(3)When the guard had inspected(inspect) the bag，he handed(hand) it back to Mark.(4)My bike is broken.Ill have it repaired(repair).(5)Ill try my best to get my work finished(finish) as soon as possible.高考题组.短文改错(xx新课标全国)The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.It is said to have started in the early 1800s.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.This custom soon bees another meal of day.Interesting，it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.When tea got popular in Britain，there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.答案The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.It is said to have started in the early 1800s. tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner， might not be served until 8 oclock at night.This custom soon another meal of day.，it had a connection the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.Tea in China was traditionally from cups without handles.When tea got popular in Britain，there was a crying need for good with handles to suit British habits.This made for the in the porcelain industry.写作常用句翻译1.听到这里，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。(burst)(xx湖北短文写作)Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter/out laughing and my deskmates face turned red.2.为了鼓励学生进行户外锻炼，学校组织在4月10日爬山。(encourage)(xx江西书面表达)In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school organized a mountainclimbing on April 10.3.林肯被认为是世界上最鼓舞人心的人物之一。(figure)(xx浙江书面表达)Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.模拟题组.语法填空1.You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.2.Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to.3.Peter had intended to take a job in business，but abandoned (abandon) that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx.4.It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.5.Peter，where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We had been (be) busy with our work for months，so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.6.My father is coughing heavily.Youd better discourage him from smoking (smoke).Its bad for his health.7.We are encouraged to make (make) good use of our farmland.8.Now that youve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.9.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done (do) for me.10.The past ten years has witnessed (witness) a boom in economy in my hometown，as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before.单句改错1.Having abandoned to the puter games，he became hopeless.abandoned后加上himself2.He witnessed to have seen the man take away the book.havehaving3.How did this occur to him that he got lost on his way back home？thisit4.At that time he was really at loss for words.loss前加上a5.Discouraging pletely，he decided to give it up.DiscouragingDiscouraged6.He rushed back to the classroom，eagerly to know the result.eagerlyeager7.Of the two，I prefer a former one.athe8.This war has caused widespread human suffered.sufferedsuffering9.Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years，particular among young people.particularparticularly10.One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away while my daughter heard cries for help.whilewhen.写作句式升级训练1.We cant imagine the future life without phones.(素材来源于xx重庆写作一)We cant imagine what life would be like if there werent phones.(用what从句及if虚拟句改写句子)2.We all know the saying that a life without a friend is a life without sun.(素材来源于xx重庆写作一)As the saying goes，“A life without a friend is a life without sun.”(用as引导的非限制性定语从句改写句子).阅读理解AWith more than 10,000 plants，the 68ft “living wall” near Victoria station will collect rainwater which falls onto the roof of the building and use it to nourish the plants.The result will be an eyecatching garden which brightens up the popular tourist route，near the Rubens at the Palace Hotel，and stops it from flooding.Containing more than 20 seasonal plant species，the wall required 16 tons of soil and will be capable of storing up to 10,000 litres of water.The project，backed by London Mayor Boris Johnson，was launched with the aim of dealing with a key environmental challenge in London.According to the Environment Agency，there are around 534,000 properties in London on the Thames flood plain and one in four are at risk of flooding.This is partly due to the low absorbency of urban surfaces.Matthew Pencharz，the Mayors Advisor for Environment and Energy，said，“London has plenty of trees，parks，gardens and in