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A land of diversity,Book 8 Unit 1,晨背佳作 积累素材,话题词汇 1.custom n.风俗；习惯 2.civilization n.文明；文化 3.developed adj.发达的 4.developing adj.发展中的 5.promising adj.有前途的 6.population n.人口 7.be situated in位于 8.consist of由组成 9.own a diverse culture 拥有多元文化 10.be rich in natural resources 自然资源丰富,话题佳作 假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给你的美国朋友彼得写一封信约稿，要点如下： 1.栏目介绍； 2.稿件内容； 3.稿件长度：约400词； 4.交稿日期：6月28日前。,佳作欣赏 Dear Peter， Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very pop-ular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.Would you please write something ab-out the culture in your part of the United States？And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals，and the life of American high school students.You can write anything rele-vant so long as its interesting and informative.400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?,Im looking forward to hearing from you. Yours， Li Hua,名师点睛 本文思路清晰，内容完整，语言简洁，较好地完成了写作任务。在行文过程中，be popular among，so long as，look forward to，hear from等高级词汇，以及宾语从句how Americans spend their holidays and festivals；条件状语从句so long as its interesting and informative；过去分词作定语written by foreign friends等高级句式运用得恰到好处。,基础排查 点拨要点,语篇训练 提升能力,内容索引,教材升华 综合运用,基础排查 点拨要点,A.写作必记单词 1.means n.手段；方法 (1)by means of by all means by no means (2)There is no means what happened. 无法弄清发生了什么事。,1,用办法；借助,当然可以,绝不，一点也不,of finding out,2.majority n.大多数；大半 (1) n.(反义词)少数；少数民族 (2) the majority占多数,minority,in,(1)the majority单独用作主语，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；若“the majority of 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，“the majority of 不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 (2)the majority of习惯上带定冠词，有时也可用不定冠词；the majority of修饰的名词通常不带定冠词，但若需特指也可带定冠词。,3.elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人 (1) n.选举；当选；选举权 (2)Roosevelt was elected four times President of the US. Roosevelt was elected four times the Presidency of the US.(填 介词),election,as,to,(1)若所涉及的职位只有一个，则其前通常不用冠词。 (2)在elect sb.后可接介词as或to，区别是：as后接具体的某职位(如president，manager)，to后接抽象职位(如presidency，office)。,4.applicant n.申请人 (1) v.应用；申请；请求 n.申请；应用 (2)apply to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 apply sb. sth.向某人申请,apply,application,oneself,to,for,5.occur vi.发生；出现 (1)Suddenly occurred to Majorcans that the island no longer belon- ged to them.(填代词)(2014陕西) (2)An idea occurred me.(填介词) (3)This sort of incident is an everyday (occur). 6.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示 n.指示；象征；表明；标示,it,to,occurrence,indication,7.hire vt. & n.租用；雇用 (1) v.(反义词)开除，解雇 (2)Small talk even helps people get (hire).(2015安徽) 8.punishment n.处罚；惩罚 The punishment stealing is going to jail.(填介词),fire,hired,for,汉语说“惩罚某人做某事”，英语不能直译为punish sb.to do sth.，应根据情况改用其他说法：The teacher punished him by requiring him to sweep the floor.老师罚他扫地。,9. vt. & vi.改革；革新 n.改革；改造；改良,reform,B.阅读识记单词 10.distinct adj. distinction n. 11.hardship n. 12.percentage n. (1)percent n. adj. (2) is the percentage of nitrogen in air? 空气中氮的百分比是多少？,清晰的；明显的；明确的,差别；区分；卓著,苦难；困苦,百分比；百分率,百分比，百分数,百分之的,What,含有percent of的结构用作主语时，其谓语动词的数与of后的名词或代词的数保持一致。,13.boom n. vi. 14.racial adj. race n. vt. & vi. 15.crossing n. cross v. 16.vice n. & adj.,(人口、贸易的)繁荣,处于经济迅速发展时期,人种的；种族的,种，种族；人种,(和)比赛，(使)参加比赛,横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道,横渡；横越；穿越,代理；副职,17.apparent adj. was apparent that she didnt hear what I said.(填代词) 18.conductor n. conduct vt. & vi. 19.slip vi. n. slipper n.,显而易见的；显然的；表面上的,It,(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥,引导；带领；管理,滑动；滑行；滑跤,滑动；滑倒,拖鞋,20.justice n. justify vt. 21.mourn vt. & vi. 22.authority n. 23.grasp vt. & n. 24.insert vt.,正义；公平,证明正确；替辩护,哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛,权威；权力；(pl.)当局；官方,抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会,插入；嵌入,1. 继续存在；继续生存；以为食 2. 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 3. 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 4. 背靠背 5. 与合作或一起工作,2,live on,make a life,keep up,back to back,team up with,6. 用线画出范围；标出界线 (1)For each of them there are four choices (mark) A，B，C and D.(2016上海) (2)Daily life (mark) by farming，sheep raising and wool production.(2015湖北) 7. 包括；吸收；领会；理解；欺骗 The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 睡前吸收的脂肪越多，晚上身体的负担越重。(2016四川),mark out,marked,was marked,take in,8. 许多；很多 (1)A great many the books in the library are new.(填介词) (2)Many a student (see) the film already.,a great/good many,of,has seen,(1)a great/good many 后接名词时，名词前不用介词of，若其后接的是代词，或接的名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰，则必须要有介词of。 (2)“many a/an单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,1.California is state in the USA but has the largest po- pulation. 加利福尼亚是美国第三大州，但有最多的人口。,3,the third largest,the third修饰largest，意为“第三大的”。形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite等词修饰。 (1)Asia is by far the largest continent in the world. 亚洲是世界上最大的洲。 (2)Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain. 泰晤士河是英国第二大河，也是英国最重要的河。,2.However， Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，土著美国人有可能在至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚生活了。 3. today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语 言的原因。,it is likely that,That is why,4. California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society. 到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多 种文化的社会了。,By the time,(1)by the time从句，意为“当的时候”，说的是过去某个时候的状况，主句常用过去时，而不用完成时，本句就是如此。 (2)by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到时候为止”。 by the time一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。 by the time一般现在时，主句常用现在完成时或将来完成时。 (3)by时间状语，主句的谓语动词也应用相应的完成时形式。,(1)Mr. Mat (persuade) to give up smoking in the office by the time he started his new job. (2)We (learn) Book 8 by the end of next month. (3)By now，people (realize) its importance.,had been persuaded,will have learned,have realized,5.People from Africa in California since the 1800s， when they moved north from Mexico. 来自非洲的人从十九世纪八十年代以来就一直生活在加利福尼亚，当 时他们是从墨西哥迁居北方的。,have been living,教材升华 综合运用,.教材与语法填空 California is the third largest state in the USA 1. has the largest population.2. is the most multicultural state in the USA. This is not 3. (surprise) when you know the history of California which has attracted people from nearly every country in the world. No one really knows when the first settlers arrived in 4. we now know as California. Scientists believe that the Native Americans reached America 5. means of a land bridge. In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.,but,It,surprising,what,by,Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men. In 1848，gold was discovered in California and 6. dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.In fact,7. achieved their dream，but most remained in California to make a life for 8. (they).In more recent decades，California has become home to 9. (many) people from Asia.It 10._ (believe) that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups.,the,few,themselves,more,is believed,.教材与短文改错 George arrived early on the morning by bus. He went straight to the hotel and dropped his luggage，then he went explore. The first thing was a ride on cable car. From top of the hill he gets a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Building in 1873，the cable car system was being invented by Andrew Hallidie. He wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.,in,exploring, a,got,Built,Apparent ，he had been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in that a tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.With so many exploring，he was exhausting and had a rest.,which,much,exhausted,Apparently,.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于美国) 1.在美国，你会遇到来自不同国家的人，他们中的大多数来自欧洲。 2.世界上没有其他地方吸引如此多的移民。 3.他们遭受了苦难和种族偏见但设法在那里开创了新生活。 4.同时，他们的风俗被沿袭了下来。 5.那就是为什么我们认为美国是多元文化的国家。 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用whom引导的定语从句，why引导的表语从句。,连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文),In America，you will meet people from different countries，the majority of whom come from Europe.Nowhere else in the world attracts so many immigrants.They suffered hardships and racial prejudice but managed to make a life there and at the same time，their customs have been kept up.Thats why we think America multicultural.,语篇训练 提升能力,. 阅读理解, . 七选五, . 完形填空,. 阅读理解,Mayor Bill de Blasio designated(指定) the Lunar New Year an official public school holiday in New York City in June,2015. The move came after de Blasio in March,2015 declared school holidays on the most-observed holiday in Islam，Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.De Blasio，making good on a promise made during his 2013 mayoral campaign，said students would also have a day off on the Lunar New Year，and not long ago the Asian holiday took place on February 8, 2016.,“About 15% of the citys school system is of Asian descent(血统)，and many students have been taking the day off as a sick days，” said State Senator Daniel Squadron.“Its a big deal，” he said，whose district includes Manhattans Chinatown.“Families have had to choose between their most important cultural celebration and missing a day of school.”,The citys Department of Education had been working on the practical arrangements for adding another holiday while maintaining the legal 180 school days.The problem was solved by combining two half days that previously did not count towards the total to form a single full day that can be counted towards the total.After San Francisco，New York is the second major urban school district to add the Lunar New Year to the official school calendar.,“This holiday is not about kids just getting a day off from sch-ool，” said Assemblyman Ron Kim.“Its about the City of New Yo-rk telling hundreds of Asian-American societies that America is a cultural melting pot.” Kim said recognizing the holiday is one way of pushing back against feelings of isolation and marginalization(边缘化) felt by the Asian-American community.,1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Make use of. B.Stand by. C.Keep up with. D.Go against.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“.said students would also have a day off on the Lunar New Year，and not long ago the Asian holiday took place on February 8,2016.”可知，de Blasio说学生也将在春节放假一天，而不久前，这个亚洲节日就在2016年2月8日到来了。由此可推知，此处指de Blasio兑现了他在2013年的市长选举中许下的诺言。stand by sth.意为“仍然遵守诺言(或协议等)”，与画线部分意思相近。故选B。,2.How does New York make the Lunar New Year an official public school holiday? A.By cancelling a legal 1-day holiday. B.By copying the way of San Francisco. C.By adding a new full day to the school calendar. D.By changing the legal 180 school days.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The problem was solved by combining two half days that previously did not count towards the total to form a single full day that can be counted towards the total.”可知，解决这个问题的方法是把原本不算进法定的180天教学日的两个半天合并为一天，并算进教学日的总天数中。故选C。,3.What do we know from Ron Kims words? A.Hes opposed to the new school holiday. B.Asian culture is valued most in New York. C.Asian culture is part of the American society. D.The holiday wipes out Asian-Americans isolation.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Its about the City of New York telling hundreds of Asian-American societies that America is a cultural melting pot.”可知，学校春节放假一天是纽约市在告诉数以百计的亚裔美国群体：美国是一个文化熔炉。言外之意就是美国接受外国的文化，外国文化同样是美国社会的一部分。故选C。,4.Whats the best title for this passage? A.A New Public School Holiday in New York B.A Promise Made by the Mayor of New York C.Cultural Differences Between America and Asia D.A Revolution of the Lunar New Year in New York,答案,解析,标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了纽约的公立学校增加了一个新的节假日春节，这反映出亚洲文化已经成为美国文化的一部分。故选A。,1,2,3,4,. 七选五,(2017重庆育才中学摸底考试) What do the worlds most successful people all have in common? By examining the work habits of over 150 greatest writers and ar-tists and scientists，the researchers including Standford Professor Jeff-rey Preffer found that high achievers like Robert Moses turn out to be all alike： Busy！Busy!,1 In a study of general managers in industry，John Kotter reported that many of them worked 60 to 65 hours per weekwhich translates into at least six 10-hour days.The ability and willingness to wo-rk difficult and tiring hours has characterized many powerful figures.En-ergy and strength provide many advantages to those seeking to build power.,答案,解析,D,High achievers never stop working and they never lose a minute.,根据小标题Busy！Busy！及下文可知该段主要讲成功人士都非常忙。D项：高成就的人从不停止工作，他们从不浪费一分钟。符合。故选D。,Just Say No! The difference between successful people and very successful people is that very successful people say “no” to almost everything.And thats what gives them the time to accomplish so much. 2 And focus means saying “no” to a lot of distractions(分神).,答案,解析,B,Achievement requires focus.,根据下文“And focus means saying no to a lot of distractions(分神).”可知，成功需要专注。原句中focus和选项focus关键词相同，故选B。,Know What You Are! Ignore your weakness and keep improving your strengths.Dont waste time exploring skill areas where you have little competence.Instead，focus onand build onyour strengths. 3,答案,解析,F,This means knowing who you are，what you are and what you are good at.,根据本段的标题Know What You Are！与选项F：This means knowing who you are，what you are and what you are good at.结构一致，故选F。,Create Good Luck! Luck is not magicalthere is a science to it.Richard Wiseman studied lucky people for his book Luck Factor，and broke down what they do right. 4 By being more outgoing，open to new ideas，following the feeling that something is true，being optimistic，lucky people create possibilities.,答案,解析,G,Certain personality types are luckier because they behave in a way that offers the chance for good opportunities.,选项中personality types和空格下句中的“.outgoing，open to new ideas，following the feeling that something is true，being optimistic”是指代关系。故选G。,Does applying these principles to your life actually work？Wiseman created a “luck school” to test the ideasand it was a success. In total,80 percent of people who attended Luck School said that their luck had increased. 5,答案,解析,C,On average，these people reported that their luck had increased by more than 40 percent.,根据空格上句的“their luck had increased”和选项C：On average，these people reported that their luck had increased by more than 40 percent.意义一致。故选C。,A.Spend enough time to improve your weakness. B.Achievement requires focus. C.On average，these people reported that their luck had increased by more than 40 percent. D.High achievers never stop working and they never lose a minute. E.Busy people are more likely to be lucky. F.This means knowing who you are，what you are and what you are good at. G.Certain personality types are luckier because they behave in a way that offers the chance for good opportunities.,. 完形填空,(2017重庆一中开学模拟) I learned to do wood work when I was very young. I remember I made my first proje-cta small table when I was 9 years old.I was so 1 of it that I looked upon it as if I had created a(n) 2 .,tired累的；ashamed 羞愧的；proud自豪的；amused愉快的。从后面的句子：It was absol-utely beautiful and it had taken me six weeks to it.可知作者引以为豪。故选C。,1.A.tired B.ashamed C.proud D.amused,答案,解析,(2017重庆一中开学模拟) I learned to do wood work when I was very young. I remember I made my first proje-cta small table when I was 9 years old.I was so 1 of it that I looked upon it as if I had created a(n) 2 .,award奖；wonder奇迹；reco-rd记录；product产品。我看着它好像我创造了一个奇迹，故选B。,2.A.award B.wonder C.record D.product,答案,解析,It was absolutely beautiful and it had taken me six weeks to 3 it.,complete完成；invent发明；fix修理；design设计。花了我六个星期完成它，故选A。,3.A.complete B.invent C.fix D.design,答案,解析,I could hardly wait to give it to Mother Winters as a(n) 4 .,award奖励； souvenir纪念品；prize奖品；gift 礼物。我迫不及待地想把它作为礼物送给Mother Winters，故选D。,4.A.award B.souvenir C.prize D.gift,答案,解析,She was the head mistress of our orpha-nage(孤儿院)，who was always kind but 5 with us.,satisfied满意的；patient耐心的；cruel残酷的；strict 严格的。由空前的kind和but可知空处应选D。,5.A.satisfied B.patient C.cruel D.strict,答案,解析,As the tables were not dry from the clear coating(清漆)，our woodworking teacher told us to wait a few days before taking them to our dormitories.But I was just so 6 and happy that I couldnt wait.I dashed out like a 7 ，carrying my table，smiling from ear to ear.,upset不安的；excited兴奋的；amazed惊讶的；confident自信的。从后面的happy及I co-uldnt wait可知作者非常兴奋和高兴，早已迫不及待了，故选B。,6.A.upset B.excited C.amazed D.confident,答案,解析,As the tables were not dry from the clear coating(清漆)，our woodworking teacher told us to wait a few days before taking them to our dormitories.But I was just so 6 and happy that I couldnt wait.I dashed out like a 7 ，carrying my table，smiling from ear to ear.,thief小偷；hero英雄；flash闪光；smog烟雾。我像一道闪光般冲出去，故选C。,7.A.thief B.hero C.flash D.smog,答案,解析,When I reached the dormitory I placed the little table beside my bed.I was 8 it when Mother Winters entered.,admire欣赏；decorate装饰；dry变干；hide躲藏。我正在欣赏它，这时Mother Winters进来了，故选A。,8.A.admiring B.decorating C.drying D.hiding,答案,解析,She walked over to the table.Running her hand 9 it，she noticed that it was still wet.,across穿过；into进入；above在上方；behind在后面。她把手在桌子的表面掠过，发现还是湿的，故选A。,9.A.across B.into C.above D.behind,答案,解析,“Were you 10 to bring this home？” she asked.,determine决心；embarrass尴尬；encourage鼓励；suppose假定。be supposed to do sth.按理说应该做某事。结合下文作者的回答可知选D。,10.A.determined B.embarrassed C.encouraged D.supposed,答案,解析,“No，maam，” I 11 with my head down.,agree同意；sigh叹气；whisper低语；argue争论。从后面的with my head down可知作者低下头小声说，故选C。,11.A.agreed B.sighed C.whispered D.argued,答案,解析,She ordered me to throw the table out and so I did.After she left，I immed-iately opened the door to get it back.The-re was 12 stuck all over.I brushed and cried，but the dirt would not come off.,glue胶水；dirt灰尘；paint油漆；wood木材。从后面的“I brushed and cried，but the dirt would not come off.”可知桌子上沾满了灰尘，故选B。,12.A.glue B.dirt C.paint D.wood,答案,解析,feel感觉； shake摇动；rent租赁；touch触摸。从前面的句子：I hid the table in my closet，可知作者把桌子藏在橱柜里面，不去碰它，故选D。,13.A.felt B.shook C.rented D.touched,答案,解析,I hid the table in my closet and never 13 it.,put放；throw扔；take拿；give给。我把桌子给了宿舍管理员，以为她会扔了它，故选B。,14.A.put B.throw C.take D.give,答案,解析,However，a year later during a cleani-ng-up，it was discovered.Painfully，I had to give the table to Mother Henderson，my houseparent，thinking that she would 14 it away.,remember记得；expect期盼；learn学习，得知；recommend推荐。30年后我得知Mother Hend-erson就住在附近，所以我去看她，故选C。,15.A.remembered B.expected C.learned D.recommended,答案,解析,Thirty years later at a reunion，I 15 that Mother Henderson was living nearby，so I drove up to see her.,basement地下室；balcony阳台；bathroom浴室；bedroom卧室。从come down to可知是去地下室，故选A。,16.A.basement B.balcony C.bathroom D.bedroom,答案,解析,We talked cheerfully for long.As I was about to leave，she asked me to come down to her 16 to get something important.,unwillingly不愿意地；curiously好奇地； doubtfully怀疑地；worriedly担心地。我好奇地跟着她到了黑暗的角落，故选B。,17.A.unwillingly B.curiously C.doubtfully D.worriedly,答案,解析,I followed her 17 into a dark corner.,before在前面；since自从；until直到；as因为，当时候。当她转过身来的时候，我看到她拿着一个小桌子，故选D。,18.A.Before B.Since C.Until D.As,答案,解析,She picked something up. 18 she turned around，I could see that she was holding a little table. Mother Henderson kept the little table that I had given up for lost so long ago.,devotion忠诚；concern关心；ap-preciation感激，鉴赏；regret遗憾。带着苦乐参半的回忆但是又充满了对Mother Henderson的感激，我看着这个桌子，故选C。,19.A.devotion B.concern C.appreciation D.regret,答案,解析,Today，I look at that table with bittersweet memories but full of 19 to Mother Henderson，who kept the table for a young orphan who 20 it so much.,count认为； matter要紧；value珍惜；mind介意。由上文的“I brushed and cried”和“I hid the table in my closet”可知应选C。,20.A.counted B.mattered C.valued D.minded,答案,解析,Today，I look at that table with bittersweet memories but full of 19 to Mother Henderson，who kept the table for a young orphan who 20 it so much.,以上语篇训练之 素材提炼再拓展,.词汇拓展 1.isolation n.隔离；孤独 v.使隔离；使孤立 2.distraction n.注意力分散；心烦意乱；精神错乱 (1)
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