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第二部分,专题四 语法填空,知识运用篇,无提示词填空 第六讲 情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式,技 能 突 破,技法1：揣摩情感，搞定情态动词 对情态动词的考查主要有以下几点：空格后紧跟动词原形；结合具体的语境命题；情态动词表示推测时的固定用法。,(2015四川高考改编)You_be careful with the camera.It costs! 解题思路 分析句子结构句中谓语部分不全谓语缺少助动词或情态动词。 根据句子所在的语境你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵！ 尝试解答：_,must,技法解读 1高考考试说明中规定要掌握情态动词的基本含义及其用法。 (1) can/could表示“能力、请求或可能性”，意为“能、可以”，当表“请求”时在疑问句中往往用Could you.？，其肯定回答用Yes，you can；表可能性时，一般意为“有时会”。 In general Tom is a good man，but he can be very hard sometimes. 总体而言，汤姆是个好人，不过有时候他会非常严厉。 (2) may/might表示“请求、允许、可能性以及祝愿”。当might表示请求时，不表示过去，只是语气更加委婉客套；might/may as well do sth.意为“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”。 We might as well stay at home，watching the football match. 我们不如待在家里看足球赛。,(3) will/would用于第二人称作主语时表示“请求”，还可表“决心、愿望”，或“按规律注定会”。 They asked if we would do that again. 他们问是否我们会再次那样做。 Oil will float on water.油会浮在水上。 (4) should表示“责任、义务”，意为“应该”。 You should be careful when doing your job. 当你做工作时你应该仔细。,2情态动词表示推测的用法。 (1) must用在肯定句中表示猜测，意为“肯定、一定”，其否定形式为cant/couldnt。mustnt不表“猜测”而是表“禁止”，意为“绝不能、一定不要”。 I am sure he must be tired after such a long journey. 我敢肯定经过这样一次长途旅行他肯定是累了。 You mustnt go out alone at night. 你绝不能单独一人晚上出去。,(2)can/could可以用在否定句和疑问句中表示“推测”，在否定句中表“猜测”时意为“肯定不”。 He cant be Toms father，for he wears a beard.他肯定不是汤姆的爸爸，因为他留着胡子。 (3) may/might表示“猜测”时，意为“也许、大概、可能”，其肯定性不强，故经常和Im not sure之类的短语连用。 He might arrive here on time，but I am not sure. 他也许能按时到达这里，不过我不敢肯定。,(4) should在表示“推测”时，往往是一种主观上的推断，意为“按道理说、按道理讲”。 We should arrive home before dark. 我们按说应该在天黑之前能到家。,3“情态动词have done”的含义。,(2016浙江高考改编)George _not have gone too far.His coffee is still warm. (2016北京高考改编)I love the weekend，because I _ not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. (2015陕西高考改编)You _ feel all the training a waste of time，but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it. (2015北京高考改编)Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home alone. (2017北京高考)Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，_easily reach the books on the top shelf.,can,need,may,must,can,技法2：寻找标志，敲定虚拟语气 对虚拟语气的考查主要有以下几点：if引导的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气用法；含蓄虚拟语气句中的用法；一些固定结构中的虚拟语气用法。,(2015安徽高考改编)It is lucky we booked a room，or we_(have) nowhere to stay now. 解题思路 分析句子语境上下句表示意义的转折判断此处要用虚拟语气。 根据句子中的标志词(or，now)可判断是对现在的虚拟 尝试解答：_,would have,技法解读 1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的具体用法。,2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 (1)在advise，demand，desire，decide，insist(坚决要求)，order，propose，request，suggest(建议)等表“请求、要求、命令或建议”等意义的动词后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，结构为( should)动词原形。 (2)wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。 (3)“would rather句子”这一结构中，从句部分对现在或将来的愿望的表达用过去时；从句部分对过去的愿望的表达用过去完成时。,3虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法。 假设的条件不直接表述，而是隐含在某些词中，如 without，but for，or，otherwise等。解题时需仔细识别这些标志词。 4as if/though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句： 5.在“Its (high/about) time句子”结构中，从句部分谓语动词一般用过去式或should动词原形。,(2016北京高考改编)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ (tell) me，I could have helped. (2015北京高考改编)If I _(not see)it with my own eyes，I wouldnt have believed it. (2016天津高考改编)Its high time we _ (take) some measures to prevent pollution. (2017江苏高考)_(be)it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.,had told,hadnt seen,took,Were,技法3：句式结构特殊之处需记牢,(2016天津高考改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel_the coach picks up tourists. 解题思路 分析句子结构句子为强调句 根据强调句结构it is/was被强调内容that. 尝试解答：_,that,(2015天津高考改编)Only when Lily walked into the office_she realize that she had left the contract at home. 解题思路 分析句子结构onlywhen引导的状语从句放句首 根据倒装原则主句应该用部分倒装 选择助动词根据本句时态助动词应该用一般过去时形式 尝试解答：_,did,(2015北京高考改编)If_ (accept) for the job，youll be informed soon. 解题思路 分析句子结构空格所在分句为条件状语从句的省略 根据省略原则当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词 尝试解答：_,accepted,技法解读 1牢记强调句式的常用结构 (1)陈述句：It is/was被强调部分 that/who. (2)一般疑问句：Is/Was被强调部分that/who.? (3)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(被强调部分)is/wasit that/who.? (4)not until句式：It is/was not until.that. (5)强调原则：强调句型可用来强调主语、宾语、状语等，被强调部分如果是人用that/who，如果是物要用that。 (6)判断方法：当把其结构it is/was.that/who去掉之后，剩余部分仍旧结构完整、意义完整时，该句为强调句。,2关注句首关键词，解答倒装类题目 (1)在下列情形下需要使用部分倒装 only修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时； 含有否定意义的副词(never，seldom，little，not，nowhere等)位于句首时； 在no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装(谓语用过去完成时)；,not onlybut also.位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装； So/Neither/Nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“So/Neither/Norbe/have/助动词/情态动词十主语”；表示同意对方的看法，表“是的、确实”之意时，用“So主语be/have/助动词/情态动词”句式，即主谓不倒装。,(2)下列情形下需要用全部倒装 表示地点、方向、时间的副词(here，there，out，in，up，down，back，off，away，now，then等)位于句首且句子主语是名词时； 表示地点的介词短语位于句首且句子主语是名词时。,3.记准以下省略规则 (1)状语从句中的省略 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，且含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。 (2)不定式符号to的省略 感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to； do nothing but，cant help but等结构常接省略to的不定式； 在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，应保留be和have。,(3)so和not的替代性省略 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等连用。,(2015重庆高考改编)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized. (2014福建高考改编)It was the culture，rather than the language，_ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. (2014湖南高考改编)Only when you can find peace in your heart _ you keep good relationships with others. (2014陕西高考改编)No sooner _ Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. (2014全国卷)Not only _ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.,that,that,will,had,do,三大冷点解题两步走 情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式是高考语法填空设题的冷点，了解即可。 第1步 通读语境 寻找标志词。 解题时通读语境，注意寻找标志词。如空格后是动词原形，可能考查情态动词；句首是It is/was或否定类结构，可能考查强调句型或倒装等。 根据这些初步确定考查点。 第2步 根据考点原则 确定最终填词。 初步确定考查点后，联想相应的考点原则，如虚拟语气句或变化，强调句型或倒装等考查规则，斟酌话意，确定最终填词。,走 出 误 区,易错点1 强调句型与其他句式混用 (2014江西高考改编)It was the middle of the night _my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. (母题变式)It was in the middle of the night_my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.,when,that,点拨 定语从句与强调句句式结构用法比较： 由it引导的句型结构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，两者极易混淆。一般来说，如果将it is/was.与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型。这时，就选用that/who连接词；否则，就为定语从句。其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。句为定语从句，先行词为the middle of the night在从句中作状语。句为强调句结构，强调内容为in the middle of the night。,易错点2 倒装中动词形式错用 (2015湖南高考改编)Only after talking to students _I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. (母题变式)Only by talking to students_you be able to discover you still have a long way to go.,did,will,点拨 若结构较完整，并且空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，则很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词( do，does，did，will等)。,易错点3 省略中非谓语动词的形式误用 (2015江苏高考改编)It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully_(cover) in thick clothes. (母题变式)It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully_(cover) yourself in thick clothes.,covered,covering,点拨 句中cover后无宾语，和主语you之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词；句中cover的宾语为yourself，和主语you之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词。,随 堂 训 练,.易错练习 1用动词的did或had done形式填空 Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ (dance) as well as her. If my car _ (be) more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. Sorry，I am too busy now.If I _ (have) time，I would certainly go for an outing with you. Maybe if I _ (study) science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.,danced,had been,had,had studied,2用that或where填空 It is the island _ they spent 10 years in doing some research on some strange plants. It was on his way to the station _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. 3用助动词或be动词填空 Not only _ he speak more correctly，but he spoke more easily. Never before _ she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. This is not my story，nor _ it the whole story.My story plays out differently.,where,that,did,has,is,4用动词的doing或done形式填空 Time，if _(use) correctly，is money in the bank. When _ (approach)the city center，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. Film has a much shorter history，especially when _(compare) to such art forms as music and painting. While _(do) her homework，she heard a piece of music being played，sounding soft and sweet.,used,approaching,compared,doing,.语篇练习：用情态动词，虚拟语气和特殊句式的知识填空 I am a middle school student.I have many dreams.If there 1._(be) not so much homework，I would have more time to do what I like to do.Not only 2._I like listening to music bur also I enjoy playing table tennis.Its my desire that we 3._(hold) evening parties or organize some interesting activities at weekends.I suggest that there 4._(be) not so many tests.You can imagine what life 5._(will) be if I were to realize my dream.But I 6._face the exams.As is known to us all，it is good marks 7._make me enter my ideal university.Anyway，its high time that I 8._(encourage) myself to overcome all the difficulties.If 9._，I can have a chance to learn much knowledge.It goes without saying that only by studying hard 10._I fulfill my great dream.,were,do,hold,be,would,must,that,encouraged,so,can, 解析：考查虚拟语气。根据主句中would do形式，可知与现在事实相反。 解析：考查倒装。具有否定意义的词语(主语除外)位于句首时用倒装。 解析：考查虚拟语气。desire此处表示“建议”，故从句中要用虚拟语气。 解析：考查虚拟语气。suggest此处表示“建议”，故从句中要用虚拟语气。 解析：考查虚拟语气。根据从句中if I were to realize.，可判断用would。 解析：考查情态动词。句意：但是我必须得面对考试。根据句意，故用must。,复 习 练 案,
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