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专题三 完形填空,知识运用篇,第二部分,考纲导续,完形填空不仅要求考生具有扎实的英语基础知识，还要具备较高的综合理解和语言运用能力。文章体裁主要包括： 1记叙文；2.夹叙夹议；3.议论文；4.说明文。,考情回顾,应试策略,解题流程,命题规律,近几年高考(全国卷 )完形填空考查情况如下：,1选材特点 高考完形填空以记叙文和夹叙夹议为主，说明文、议论文考查较少。文章内容多以记人、叙事为主，其主要话题涉及励志故事、人物传记和新闻报道等。大都有积极正面的教育意义且含有人物心理变化，提供正能量，给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣和人生感悟。 2设空特点 (1)完形填空的首句一般不设空。通过首句这一“窗口”，考生可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向。,(2)以考查实词为主。近几年完形填空主要考查名词、动词(短语)、形容词、副词等实词，兼顾连词、介词的考查。 (3)以语境分析为主。大部分题目需从上下文甚至全文角度考虑作出判断，体现了“突出语篇”的命题风格，要求考生根据语境从层次结构和逻辑关系角度选择最佳答案。 (4)体现核心语法和常识的考查。个别题目要求考生对句子结构做出准确判断，有时还要借助常识和某些背景知识(如英语文化和风俗习惯等)解决问题。,(1)通读全文，把握主旨。在速读全文的过程中要重视首句、首段的信息，注意找出文章的关键词、中心词、画出某些代表人物和情节的词句，理清“情节线”和“情感线”，形成对整篇文章概貌的理解。 (2)上下求索，先易后难。完形填空设题通常分为句内、句组和语篇三个层次，做题时先易后难，遇到没有把握的题目时，可暂时跳过空格，顺着原来的思路推进，等到大部分空格选出答案后，借助已补全的信息，回头扫除“最牛钉子户”。 (3)复读全文，微调答案。做完题后，把填好的短文通读一遍，看看有没有明显的语法错误和逻辑冲突，必要时加以改正。,分 类 例 析,(2016全国卷)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant _21_ Miller King, who was the best _22_ at our school. Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for _23_. 解题思路 根据首句，可知文章讲述的是作者想成为学校足球队的明星球员。围绕该主题，才能确保答案正确。 21A.cheering for Bbeating out Crelying on Dstaying with,解析：文章首句“When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team”提到，我13岁时唯一的目标就是成为学校足球队的明星。结合下文的“Miller King，who was the best”可推断出Miller King是我们学校最出色的足球运动员(player)，而实现我的目标就意味着打败(beating out)他。要打败他就要练习(practice)。,22A.coach Bstudent Cteacher Dplayer 解析：参见上题解析。 23A.practice Bshow Ccomfort Dpleasure 解析：根据上文的“all summer long I worked out”可知，此处表示我到哪里都带着足球练习。 尝试解答：_,21.B 22.D 23.A,2利用上下文暗示解题 在做完形填空题时要有整体观念，连贯性思维，要把每题空白处的含义与前后句联系起来，进行合乎逻辑地推理。 所谓上下文，可能是紧挨着的两句话，也可能是开头的题目在尾段查找到信息；还可能是中间或最后的试题从上下文查到信息，信息常见的有词、短语、句子，但有时是语境暗示。,(2017全国卷)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this _41.searching_ process and found something that has changed my _42_ at college for the better: I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手语) I never felt an urge to _43_ any sign language before.My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.The _44_ languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)Little did I know that I would discover my _45.(love)_ for ASL. 42A.progress Bexperience Cmajor Dopinion,解析：根据下文的内容可知，作者发现了把自己的大学经历(experience)变得更美好的东西。progress“进步”；major“专业”；opinion“意见，想法，看法”。,43A.choose Bread Clearn Dcreate 解析：以前，作者从没感觉到(自己)有学习(learn)任何手语的强烈欲望。choose“选择”；create“创造”。 44A.official Bforeign Cbody Dspoken 解析：根据上文中的“My entire family is hearing，and so are all my friends”及下文中的“languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)”可知，口语对作者所有的(社会)交往来说已经足够了。spoken language“口语”符合语境。official“正式的，官方的”。 尝试解答：_,42.B 43.C 44.D,(2016北京高考)A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his _50_.He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to _51_ the trail again.The only hope was Balto, Kaasens lead dog.Balto put his nose to the ground, _52_ to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for 50A.memory Bexit Cway Ddestination 解析：结合上文的“huge piles of snow blocked”和下文的“He had to leave.get around them”可判断应选C，表示大堆的雪把他的道路阻断了。,51A.find Bfix Cpass Dchange 解析：根据上文的“leave the trail(雪橇痕迹)”可知，这里选A表示“找到”，指环境是如此糟糕以至于再次找到雪橇痕迹对他来说是不可能的。 52A.pretending Btrying Casking Dlearning 解析：根据语境，这里用try to do表示“试图做某事”，指Balto试图嗅出其他狗的气味。 尝试解答：_,50.C 51.A 52.B,(2015重庆高考)When Alice was sixteen，I was the one who wanted to run away from home.It was _16_ to see the changes coming over her.She skipped school，and refused to communicate.I tried being firm，but it didnt _17_.I saw a dark future for my once sweet daughter. 16A.pleasant Bpainful Cunwise Dinspiring 解析：空前面一句说作者想要离家出走，空后面具体交代了作者想离家出走的原因是16岁的女儿逃学、不与人沟通，面对女儿这样的变化母亲当然应该是非常痛苦的(painful)。pleasant令人愉快的；unwise不明智的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。,17A.remain Bmatch Cappear Dwork 解析：it是指前文的I tried being firm，此处意思是说作者试着态度坚决些，但是无济于事，此处的work意为“有效”。remain保持；match匹配；appear出现。 尝试解答：_,16.B 17.D,3利用词义复现解题 词义复现，不仅是同一个词，同义词、反义词、近义词都可能成为这种类型题目的解题关键点，但是这些词可能隐藏的比较深；上文可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相隔较远，因此要注意集中寻找这些暗示信息。,(2017全国卷)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this _41_ process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better: I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手语) 41A.searching Bplanning Cnatural Dformal,解析：同义复现题。根据上文中“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life”的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过程。planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；formal“正式的”。 尝试解答：_,41.A,(2016四川高考)But Lainey took one look at it，_43(rolled)_ her eyes, and said, “Borrrring！”Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it._44(Even)_the youngest children in the class were_45(attracted)_ by the story.They_46(listened)_with great interest and then_47(enthusiastically)_joined in grand conversations about Harrys adventures.“How can you say its _48_？ Have you read it? ” asked Aunt Dede. 48A.amazing Bboring Cridiculous Dconversations,解析：原词复现题。Lainey对哈利波特的故事不感兴趣，且第一段中Lainey说的“Borrrring”也是提示，所以此处用形容词boring。 尝试解答：_,48.B,It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch_36(examined)_a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children.The children of Nome would be_37(helpless)_if it struck the town.Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick._38(However)_， the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage. How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns_39(harbor)_was already full of ice, so it couldnt come by ship.Cars and horses couldnt travel on the _40_ roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.,40A.narrow Bsnowy Cbusy Ddirty 解析：原词原现题。根据语境和上文的“full of ice”可知，这里说的是汽车和马不能在被雪覆盖的道路上行进，因此选B表示“被雪覆盖的”。 尝试解答：_,40.B,(2015陕西高考)I was _27_ to do it.At age five，this dull task brought me such _28(joy)_.I would excitedly turn the tap _29(on)_and brush the comb carefully.Satisfied that Id done a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad. 27A.annoyed Brelieved Cashamed Dpleased 解析：近义词复现题。联系空后的excitedly以及Satisfied可知，“我”很愿意干这个活儿，因此选pleased(高兴的)。annoyed生气的，relieved如释重负的，ashamed羞愧的，均不符合语境。 尝试解答：_,27.D,(2016北京高考)They would have the medicine sent by _44_ from Anchorage to Nenana.From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇)driversknown as “mushers”would_45(carry)_it to Nome in a relay(接力) The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 44A.air Brail Csea Droad 解析：同义词复现题。后文的fromthetrain at Nenana与该空复现。 尝试解答：_,44.B,4利用行文逻辑解题 逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连接成分，主要有： (1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and，but，or，because，though，however，yet，therefore，otherwise，despite等。 (2)短语，如in other words，in addition，as a result，on the contrary，instead of等。 (3)分句和独立结构，如that is to say，what is more，generally speaking等。在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项。,(2016四川高考)Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read _41_ grade level, but she did not like to read.On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her _42_. But Lainey took one look at it, _43_ her eyes, and said, “Borrrring！” 41A.within Bon Cto Dabove 解析：根据句中的“She had good grades”以及“but she did not like to read”可知，Lainey的阅读能力已经超过三年级的水平了，但问题是她不愿意阅读。根据语境可知，此处用介词above，意为“(能力、水平等)高于，胜过”。,42A.daughter Bniece Cstudent Dfriend 解析：根据该句中的关键信息“her Aunt Dede”可知，空格处用niece，意为“外甥女，侄女”。 43A.opened Bdried Crolled Dshaded 解析：roll ones eyes意为“翻白眼”，该短语符合语境，因为Lainey不喜欢阅读。 尝试解答：_,41.D 42.B 43.C,5利用固定搭配，生活文化常识解题 (2015全国卷)This led to some _26_ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams_27(better)_trained.Through the first two games，her_28(team)_did not get one serious shot on goal. 26A.painful Bstrange Ccommon Dpractical 解析：此题属因果关系。结合上下文可知，她们周末对抗的球队是一些受过更好训练的强队，因此这给她们带来的肯定是一些痛苦的(painful)经历。strange奇怪的，common普通的，practical实际的，均与语境不符。 尝试解答：_,26.A,(2016天津高考)Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little headto be a swimmer.Last summer, she wanted to _18.join_ out local swim team.She practiced hard and finally _19_ it. 19A.increased Bfound Ccreated Dmade 解析：根据下文的内容可知，此处指女儿最终成功地加入了游泳队。make it表示“获得成功”，为固定用法。 尝试解答：_,19.D,(2015天津高考)One agent _17_ a house in particular.Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was _18_ our range, so we declined.But she kept urging us to have a look _19(at least)_ . 17. Arecommended Bdecorated Csold Drented 解析：由下句中的her description可知，房屋经纪人特别向我们推荐(recommended)了一座房子。decorate装饰；sell卖；rent出租。,18A.below Bwithin Cbeyond Dbetween 解析：由空后的so we declined(因此我们拒绝了)可知，价格超出了我们的能力范围，因此选beyond，指“超出的范围”。below低于；within在范围内；between在之间。 尝试解答：_,17.A 18.C,(2017全国卷)My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 _25(in support of)_ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.This combination of healing myself and healing the world _26_ me as the perfect solution. 26A.scared Bconsidered Cconfused Dstruck 解析：把个人的减肥与帮助解决世界问题结合起来，这让作者觉得这是完美的解决办法，动词strike可以表示“(以某种方式)给某人留下印象”，因此选D。注意动词strike的熟词生义，注意掌握其常见用法。 尝试解答：_,26.D,(2016全国卷)Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man _56_ and let them go to work.Then, Larry asked the_57(police)_if he was needed or_58(free)_to go.They let him and the other man go. 56A.stepped forward Bbacked off Cmoved on Dset out 解析：由后面的“let them go to work”可知，当消防人员和救护人员到了后，Larry和另一个男子便往后退(backed off)，以方便他们施救。 尝试解答：_,56.B,
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