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第2讲 定语从句,1. （2013湖南高考）Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语, 符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人，但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。,2. （2013江苏高考）The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A. where B. which C. what D. when 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：世界银行的总裁说他热爱中国，这种热爱早在他的童年时代就开始了。 此句中passion（热爱，激情）为先行词，在定语从句中starting之后缺少宾语，when和where为关系副词，不能充当主语或宾语，因此排除A、D两项。C项的what不能引导定语从句，故选B。,3. （2013安徽高考）Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. A. it B. that C. what D. which 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话的内容，关系代词which在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。,4. （2013福建高考）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知those后为定语从句，先行词是those，空格处在从句中作lives的定语，故用关系词whose。,5. （2013天津高考）We have launched another man-made satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：我们已经发射了另外一颗人造卫星，这在今天的报纸上报道了。that和what不引导非限制性定语从句；who的先行词是人；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中充当主语。,6. （2013陕西高考）_ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：孩子们通常就是这样，医生来的时候埃米就好些了。as is often the case固定句式，意思是“通常就是这样”，as引导非限制性定语从句。,7. （2013山东高考）Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：最后他到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。island后面是一个定语从句，修饰island，并且从句中缺少主语，指地点，所以选C。而A项when及B项where在定语从句中分别作时间及地点状语；D项whom只能指人，在定语从句中作宾语。,8. （2013山东高考）There is no simple answer,_ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：没有一个简单的答案，这在科学领域里是常有的事。as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，代替前面的情况，意为“正如，正像”。,9. （2013新课标全国卷）“You cant judge a book by its cover, ” _. A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying 【解析】选C。考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：常言道：“人不可貌相。”as引导非限制性定语从句时，从句用正常的语序，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as the old saying goes是固定表达，表示“常言道；俗话说”。,10. （2013重庆高考）John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members. A. them B. that C. which D. whom 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：约翰邀请了大约40人来参加他的婚礼，其中大多数都是他的家人。先行词为40 people，在定语从句中作of的宾语并指人，用关系代词whom，故选D；A项为代词，放入之后前后为两个完整的句子，两个完整句子不可仅用逗号隔开，需在两句中间加入连词才对；B项that一般不放在介词后面；C项which指代物。,11. （2013北京高考）Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：现在很多国家都在建国家公园，在那里动植物能得到保护。先行词为national parks，在从句中作地点状语故选用关系副词where。,12. （2013江西高考）He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident. A. what B. which C. where D. how 【解析】 选C。考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了事故中发生的事情。在此句中，letter是先行词，where=in which引导后面的定语从句, 在从句中作状语，故选C。,13. （2013新课标全国卷）When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying. A. what B. when C. where D. which 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：我一到达，布赖恩就带我去看我要住的房子。根据句意和句子结构可知，_ I would be staying是定语从句，修饰house。定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以此处填关系副词where或in which。,14. （2013浙江高考）The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. what B. where C. when D. why 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：博物馆将于春天开放，届时将有一个展览，还将有一个看台，在看台上游客可以看到正在建设中的大玻璃房子。该空引导定语从句，先行词为platform，该空在从句中作地点状语，只能用where。故选B。,15. （2013四川高考）Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. A. what B. which C. when D. where 【解析】 选D。考查定语从句。句意：目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。A项可引导名词性从句；B项可引导定语从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语；C项可引导定语从句，在句中作时间状语；D项可引导定语从句，在句中作地点状语。从句中的live为不及物动词，先行词the environment在定语从句中作地点状语，故选D项。,17. （2013辽宁高考）He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team. A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：他可能会赢得比赛，那样的话他就很可能进入国家队了。逗号一般不可连接两个句子，故排除B。因为是定语从句，故排除C。此处要用which代指上文说的情况，而whose是作定语的，此处不合句意。,热点考向 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 以下场合通常只用that引导定语从句： (1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, something, little, much, none, few, the one等不定代词时； （2）先行词被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时； （3）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时；,（4）先行词被the only, the very(正是、恰是), the last修饰时； （5）先行词含有人和物两者时； （6）当主句中含有疑问代词which或who时； （7）先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时。,2. 以下场合通常只用which引导定语从句： （1）引导非限制性定语从句时； （2）关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时； （3）先行词本身是that时； （4）引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时； （5）当关系词离先行词较远，中间有其他句子成分时。,3. 关系代词as与which的区别： 以下场合多用as引导定语从句： （1）非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可； （2）非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced, be expected, be known, be mentioned, be reported, be said等被动式谓语； （3）表示整个主句内容，有时含有“按照；正如；根据”等意思；,（4）在下列固定结构中，关系代词代表整个主句所述的内容: as we all know我们都知道 as may be imagined这可以想象得出来 as we all can see正如我们大家所能看到的那样 as has been said before如前所述 as is often the case情况常常如此 as often happens正如经常发生的那样 as is well known众所周知 as will be shown in Figure 3将如图3所示 （5）当先行词被such, the same, so +adj. +a/an，such a/an +adj. , as many/much 修饰时。,4. 其他关系代词的用法 (1)关系词who与that指人时，不同情况常用不同的关系词 当主句是there be句型时，关系词常用who。 先行词为anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等词时，关系词常用who。 当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词常用that。 whom在从句中只作宾语，而who可以作主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可以省略）或表语。 (2)whose作关系词既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。,【真题变式】选用as或which填空。 (2012福建高考)The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. （2011上海高考）Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.,as,which,【命题小试】 请根据以下内容命制一道考查关系代词as与which的题目。 A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. That has been discovered. 【参考答案】 A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this,【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意: 正如已经发现的那样, 大量的语言学习发生在出生后的第一年, 所以在那一时期父母应该多和孩子交谈。根据句子结构可知, 本题考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词, 在句中作主语, 指代主句整个句子的内容。A项可引导非限制性定语从句, 意为“正如”; B项不能用于定语从句; C项虽然也能用于引导非限制性定语从句, 但常常放在整个主句之后; D项也不能用于引导定语从句。,热点考向 2 关系副词引导的定语从句 1. 考查关系副词基本用法。 when指时间 = in/at/on/during which where指地点 = in/at/from which why指原因 = for which 2. 当先行词为way，day，reason，time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）。 I dont like the way（that/in which）he talks. 3. 当time作先行词时，关系词常可以省掉。,【真题变式】把句中的关系副词替换成介词+which的形式。 (2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process where even the small details of life should be considered. _ （2011天津高考）The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. _ I want to know why you are opposed to my plan. _,where可替换为in which,when可替换为in which,why可替换为for which,热点考向 3 介词+whom/which/ whose引导的定语从句 1. 怎样选择关系代词。 关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。whose也可以放在介词后，即构成“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose指人、物皆可。,2. 怎样选择介词。 （1）一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下两方面入手：以从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定； 以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定或以先行词在定语从句中的作用与含义而定。 （2）表示“整体和部分关系”、“同位关系”或“所属关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前后可以用of which/whom；也可在the +比较级或最高级前后用of which/whom等。,3. from where为“介词关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语 从句。 【真题变式】用定语从句合并句子。 (2012山东高考)Maria has written two novels. Both of them have been made into television series. _ _,Maria has written two novels, both of which have been,made into television series.,热点考向 4 特殊的定语从句,【真题变式】用定语从句合并句子。 (2012浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature. For some reason, he had withdrawn from all human society. _ _,Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who, for some,reason, had withdrawn from all human society.,易错点 1 混淆关系代词与关系副词 （母题）（2011陕西高考）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：我和我的朋友们一直走到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏到了美妙的湖光景色。把定语从句补全为：We enjoyed a splendid view of the lake at the top of the hill. 由此可知，定语从句中缺少的成分为地点状语，故选择where一项。,（变式）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _ were interested in climbing mountains. A. which B. where C. who D. that 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：我和我的朋友们一直走到了山顶，他们对爬山很感兴趣。定语从句中缺少的成分为主语，且指的是人，故使用who。,【误区点拨】 选用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、表、状)，才能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语、表语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。,易错点 2 混淆定语从句与其他从句 （母题）Liu Yang is such an outstanding astronaut _ we all admire. A. that B. as C. who D. / 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：刘洋是如此杰出的以致我们都很佩服的一位宇航员。先行词被such修饰，一般使用as引导定语从句。,（变式）Liu Yang is such an outstanding astronaut _ we all admire her. A. that B. as C. who D. / 【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意：刘洋是一位如此杰出的宇航员，以致我们都很佩服她。we all admire her一句句子成分完整，故排除as和who；另外从句意分析，that引导一个结果状语从句。,【误区点拨】 the same, such, so可以与as或that搭配。as引导定语从句时要在从句中充当成分；而that引导的是结果状语从句，从句结构完整，that在从句中不作任何成分。,1. (2013温州模拟)Osama told us the work would be finished by next week, _ personally I doubt very much. A. that B. when C. which D. it 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：奥萨马告诉我们那项工作下周之前完成，我对此十分怀疑。此处which作doubt的宾语，指前面提到的一件事情，引导一个非限制性定语从句。,2. Advertising can influence consumers moods, _ , in turn, can influence consumers reactions to products. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：广告影响消费者的心情，反过来，消费者的心情也能够影响到他们对产品的反应。which指代前面的consumers moods，引导一个非限制性定语从句。,3. （2013济南模拟）The last time I went to Scotland was in May,_ the weather was fun there Awhere Bthat Cwhen Dwhich 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：我上次到苏格兰是在五月，那时那里的天气很好。此处when引导一个非限制性定语从句。,4._ is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：正如往常一样，这个女孩又忘了带词典。As is often the case为固定句式，意为“情况常常如此”，as引导非限制性定语从句。,5. (2013金华模拟)Could it be in the restaurant _ we had dinner yesterday _ you left behind your iPhone 5? Athat; where Bwhich; that Cwhere; that Dwhere; where 【解析】选C。考查定语从句和强调句型。分析句子结构可以看出，第一空使用where引导定语从句，where在从句中作状语；第二空为强调句型的结构词that。,6. I can never forget the days _ we spent together in the summer camp Well, especially the day _ it suddenly began to rain in the middle of the night Awhen; when Bwhich; when Cwhat; that Don which; when 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们在夏令营一起度过的日子。噢，尤其是午夜突然下雨的那天。本题两空都引导定语从句，第一空在从句中作spent的宾语，用that/which；第二空在从句中作状语，用when。,7. The number of people _ this happens is not very large. A. with whom B. to which C. to whom D. on which 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：发生这种事情的人不是很多。happen to sb. 表示“发生在某人身上”，故此处选C。,8. Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the products of his own hands. A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：弗兰克的梦想是希望拥有自己的小店来亲手制作产品。此处in which=where，in which to produce the products of his own hands= in which he would produce the products of his own hands。,9. On her birthday, she received from her parents a nice present _ a note was attached, saying “We love you so much”. A. which B. to which C. in which D. where 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：她在生日那天收到她父母送的一份精美礼物，上面附了一张字条，上面写着“我们非常爱你”。attach . . . to表示“把附在上”。,10. (2013天津模拟)Now there are many opportunities _ you can show your talent in our school. A. in which B. that C. which D. of which 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：在我们学校里，有很多机会你可以施展你的才能。此处in which=where，在从句中作状语，表示地点。,
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