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基本时态构成,The Past Perfect Tense,过去完成时态,1.现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 Our teacher has left. We have studied English. I have already finished the homework. He has had his lunch. He has become a doctor.,have/has+过去分词,2.某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示.,一段时间的表达方法有两种: for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years,Since 过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.,注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.,He has been away since last week.,He has been away for one week.,对划线部分提问都用How long,现在完成时：,助动词have / has + 过去分词,过去完成时：,助动词had + 过去分词,构成？,我认识他三年了。,I have known him for three years.,I had known him when I was a student.,我当学生时，就已经认识他了。,had known,have known,was,我已经做完作业了。,表示在说话时已经做完。,I have finished my home-work.,在六点以前，我就已经完 成作业了。,By six oclock, I had finished my homework.,表示在过去的某一段时间（six oclock 以前）已经做完作业，与现在无关。,他们已经吃过早饭了。,在他们到旅馆之前他们已 经吃过早饭了。,They have already had breakfast.,They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.,我从未看过如此令人兴奋 的比赛,他说他从未看过如此令人 兴奋的比赛。,I have never seen such an exciting match before!,He said that he had never seen such an exciting match before!,过去完成时与现在完成时二者用法基本相同，但现在完成时以现在时间为基点，过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点，与现在无关，即过去的过去。过去完成时常用于宾语从句中;,Summary,结构：助动词 had + p.p.(过去分词),用法：表示过去某一时间和动作之前已经发生或完成 了的动作或一直持续的动作(过去的过去)。,By the end of last term, we had learned 600 English words. He said he had finished his homework. The film had already begun when we got to the cinema. I had studied English before I came here. When I came to GZ , he had been there for a long time.,过去完成时态的标志：,和 by + 过去时间点连用, 如： by the time, by then, by last year, by the end of last year/month, by five oclock yesterday evening,By the end of last term, they _(learn) 10 English words.,2. 和before + 过去时间点连用,We _(arrive) the station before ten oclock.,had arrived,3. 常用于宾语从句中,She said that she _(write) three e-mails.,had written,4. 和when, before, after, as soon as, until/till等引导的状语 从句连用或用于从句中,The airplane _ already _(leave) when I got to the airport.,5. 根据上下文判断,I went to Li Hongs house, but he _(go) out.,had left,had gone,Last night, as soon as I _ (finish) my work, I went to sleep.,had finished,Fill in each blank with the proper verb form:,He said that he _ (write) that letter. Before he arrived, the train _(leave). By then, they _ (work)for eight hours. When she got to the cinema, the film _ already _ (be) on for 15 minutes. Mary told me she _(meet) my mother before. By six oclock yesterday evening, I _(finish) my homework. I went to Li Hongs house, but he _(go) out. We _(arrive) at the station before two oclock.,had written,had left,had worked,had been,had met,had finished,had gone,had arrived,1. After he _ (finish) his work, he went out.,finished,2. Annie told me that his father _ ( go ) to Paris and he _ ( come ) back in a few days.,had gone,would come,3. My friend _ (buy) the car two years ago. He _ (have) it for two years.,bought,has had,Fill in each blank with the proper verb form:,4. Before they arrived here, the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,Fill in each blank with the proper verb form:,A: _ you _(finish) your homework? B: Yes, I have. A: What had you done before you finished your homework? B: I _(watch) TV. A: What _ you _(do) now? B: I _(write) a letter to my friend Tom. A: _ you often _(write) to him? B: Yes. And he often _(write) to me. I _(get) a letter from him yesterday. So I _(answer) his letter now. A: When _ you _(post) it? B: I _(post) it as soon as I _(finish) writing.,Have finished,had watched,are doing,am writing,Do write,writes,will post,got,am answering,will post,finish,1. 过去完成时态的肯定式，否定式，疑问式和简短回答：,I had had my breakfast before six oclock this morning.,I hadnt had my homework before six oclock this morning,Had you had your breakfast before six oclock this ?,Yes, I had. No, I hadnt.,She had left when got there. She hadnt left when I got there. Had she left when you got there? Yes, she had. No, she hadnt.,学习过去完成时需注意的两个问题：,2. 如果两个动作紧接着发生，则通常不用过去完成时， 用过去时态即可。,I saw them reading books when I came into the classroom. After I finished my homework, I went out to play.,
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