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一、重译法,It is a wise father that knows his own child.,在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语；否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。一般来说，重译法有如下二个作用： 一是为了明确；二是为了生动。,一 为了明确,（一）重复名词 由于两种语言的表达方式不同，英语中两个形容 词修饰一个名词时，该名词往往只出现一次，汉 语中则需要反复出现，适应语言习惯。 1. We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。,Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则。 3. I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he. 我已经提前完成交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。,4、May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people, through you, for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the world. 让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人，祝贺你们的 巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。,（二）重复动词 a. 英语句子常常用一个动词连接几个宾语或标语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。 b.英语句子中动词后面有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。,Is he a friend or an enemy? 他是个朋友呢， 还是个敌人？ 2.For good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. 足足有十分钟， 他既骂我，有骂我的兄弟。,3. We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other-of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到我们自己，谈到我们的前途，谈 到我们的旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情 况谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女 主人。,（三）重复代词 a.英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按照汉语习惯重复其所代替的名次。 b.英语中用物主代词its, his, their等等以代替句中作主语的名次时，翻译往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词，以达到明确具体的目的。,1.In China, they “made mistakes”, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory. 在中国，他们“犯过错误”， 吃过错误的亏， 承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利的方针。,2. He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超 越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。,3. Happy families also have their own troubles. 幸福的家庭有幸福家庭的苦恼。 4.Some played soccer and others played basketball. 踢足球的，踢足球；打篮球的，打篮球。,一. 重复名词 1.It is our duty to rebuild and defend our home-land. 2.They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting. 3.A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.,翻译实践 1,重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。 他们非常不愿意推迟这个会议或取消这个会议。 一出好戏应该教育人民，鼓舞人民。,二. 重复斜体前置词前的名词 1.Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 2.The prisoners often got into argument with each other or with the guard. 3.He broke all connections with his past, and with the old society.,1.无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源。 2.囚犯们经常彼此争吵，也同看守争吵。 3.他和他的过去断绝了一切联系，也断 绝了和旧社会的各方面的一切联系。,三. 重复动词 People forget your face first, then your name. This requires care and, for difficult problems, great experience. They wore zippered black boots and a tailored suit.,四. 重复前置词前的动词 1.Grammar deals with the structure of language, English grammar with the structure of English, French grammar with the structure of French, etc. 2.They talked of things they longed for-of meat and of hot soup and of the richness of butter.,语法论述语言结构，英语语法论述英语语言结构，法语论述法语语言结构，等等。 他们谈到他们所渴望的那些东西谈到鲜肉，谈到热汤，谈到营养丰富的黄油。,（二） 为了生动 英语原文句子中即使没有词的重复，翻译时为了生动，汉语可以重复。 a、运用两个四字词组 b、运用词的重叠 c、运用四字对偶词组,1、运用两个四字词组 1)But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 2）The streets were overrun by Hitlers bullies. 那时希特勒的暴徒在街上横行霸道，无恶不作。,2、运用词的重叠 词的重叠是汉语常用的一种修辞手段。寻觅：寻寻觅觅； 冷清：冷冷清清；清楚：清清楚楚；明白：明明白白； 凄惨：凄凄惨惨。 I had been completely honest in my replies, with holding nothing. 我的回答是坦坦荡荡，毫无隐讳。 2）His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody. 他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。,3、运用四字对偶词组 汉语中有很多四字对偶词组，在这个四字中前后两对字形成对偶，往往具有相同或类似的含义，也是一种重复。英译汉时，可酌情处理，使译文显得生动。 great contributions: 丰功伟绩 gratitude: 感恩戴德 ingratitude:忘恩负义 prosperity:繁荣昌盛 vivid: 生动活泼 arrogance: 骄傲自大 careless:粗心大意 street gossip: 街头巷议 rumors: 流言蜚语,It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with moving men. 九月一个晴朗的下午，纽约大街，人来人往，五光十色。 2. Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished. 不管我们一开始对那架飞机多么焦虑不安，但这种焦虑不安不久就烟消云散了。,翻译实践 2,一、注意保持原文的重复手段 1. If one virtue is lost, all is lost. 2. It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society. 3. Dead is the monarch, dead the servant who cringed before him, dead the city in which they dwelt.,1、生于社会，不能脱离社会。 2、如果一旦丧失了道德，便丧失了 一切。 3、君主死了，在他面前卑躬屈膝、 阿谀奉承的侍臣死了，他们居住 的城市也死了。,二、用四字重迭词组表达原文中的斜体词 The toasts were flat. With his tardiness and carelessness,he had few friends in his class. I was not evasive in my reply.,1、祝酒辞平平淡淡。 2、他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎， 所以在班里没有几个朋友。 3、我的回答并未躲躲闪闪。,三、用四字对偶词组表达原文意思 The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair. She is an awful fool of a woman. But at that time, she was the only woman there.,1、据他看来，这次审判是绝对公平合 理的。 2、她是一个愚昧无知的女人。 3、但是当时她是那里独一无二的女人。,
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