《过去分词总复习》PPT课件.ppt

2006年高考过去分词用法总揽（高考预测）,大亚湾澳头中学 曾浩平,内容介绍,过去分词的用法总结 过去分词与其它非谓语动词的 用法比较 高考真题链接 大量高考仿真训练及答案详解,过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成份。非谓语是高中语法中的重点和难点项目，也是高考的重点、必考点，过去分词是考查热点之一。,一、过去分词作状语 、过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 导悟：written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。,再如：Given better attention, the plants could grow better. 提醒：有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：,lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）；lost/absorbed in（沉于）；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿着）；tired of（厌烦）。,Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因沉迷于思考之中，所以他没有听到那个声音。 Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿意离开它。,、过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。,例-1：_the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) A. Believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed 本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,例-2：He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mothers illness.,导悟：分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 例-3：Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 导悟：given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一小时。,例-4：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.,导悟：seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。 提醒：如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,如：The signal given, the bus started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。 导悟：the signal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句的主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语。,过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，可以转化成相应的状语从句。例如： 1).表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，为了明确其意义有时过去分词前可加连词after, when或while来强调时间概念。,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。,Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。After (he was) shot in the leg, he couldnt run any more. 2).表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。,Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来斗争。,3).表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if, once等词。 Given another chance, he will do better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing. 假若仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。,Once (it is) seen, it will be forgotten. If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。,4).表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。,5).表示方式或伴随情况。 The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。,Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。 注意：1.状语从句改为过去分次有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)过去分词”结构。,Once recovered, he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.,2. 确过去分词作状语的位置。 过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面常用逗号隔开：也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。 如；He stood there silently, moved to tears.= Moved to tears, he stood there silently.,3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。,有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed. 如果你努力，你会成功的。 Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer. 虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。,4、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原 因： He hurried home only to find his money stolen.（结果状语） To make himself heard, he raised his voice.（目的状语） All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. (原因状语),5. 分词的独立结构 1) 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： The project finished, they had a two weeks leave. 完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。 2) 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如：,They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake. 他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。 6. 熟悉与高考链接情况，明确高考考查重点。 高考真题链接 1. _ , I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. (上海2004春) A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing,【点拨】选C。however引导让步状语从句时，必须后跟一个形容词或副词，只有C项符合这一要求。,2. Were going to _ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?(北京2004春) A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together 3. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. (上海2002春) A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame,【点拨】选D。get together表示“相聚”；get in收获(庄稼)；get over越过，克服；get along进行，进展。,【点拨】选A。be to blame(该受责备)是主动形式，表示被动意义。,4. Paper money was in use in _ China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. (NMET 1999) A. the; 不填B. the; the C.不填; the D. 不填; 不填 5. The students are _ young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty. (NMET 1988) A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most,【点拨】选C。in use是固定搭配，意为“在使用”；序数词前用定冠词the表示顺序或位次。,【点拨】选B。根据句意，“这些学生大多是16到20岁的年轻人”得知，mostly是最佳答案。,练习： 1. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _ . (上海2004春) A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. (上海2004春) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing,3. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (上海2003) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 4. Friendship is like money: easier made than _ . (上海2003春) A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept 5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (上海2003春) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited,6. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 7. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(上海2001春) A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffer D. Being suffered 8. If _ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. (上海1998) A. giving B. give C. given D. being given,9. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET 1996) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 10. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (MET 1993) A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing,二、过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，表示主语的感受（感情）或心理状态，主语多为人。 Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样,作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如: You seem frightened. 你看样子受了惊吓。 少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如: They are gone for vacation. 他们度假去了。 提醒：过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体，过去分词作表语表示主语的特点、所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态,强调主谓关系，这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。,系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。 如： A. The library is now closed. 图书馆现在关门了。（表状态） B. The library is closed at six. 图书馆经常在六点钟关门。(表动作) C. The road is covered with fallen leaves. （表状态） D. The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表动作) A,C句是系表结构, B,D句是被动语态。,不定式、动名词、分词做表语的用法比较： 1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟在系动词如: be, seem, remain, appear等后面, 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, etc. eg.) My purpose is to teach them a lesson. 有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。 Eg.) To be strict with students is to be responsible to them. What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth. The only thing he could do was ( to) tell the truth. 如果主语中含有do的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to.,2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可互换，动名词常用于口语中。 Its full-time job is laying eggs. 3、分词做表语: 现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人”的, 主语多数情况是sth. 过去分词作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到的”,主语多数是sb. exciting, excited annoying, annoyed amazing, amazed boring, bored confusing, confused encouraging, encouraged embarrassing, embarrassed frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired,现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。 The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语） With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时） 注意: 过分除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态。 Eg.) He had a _ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes. 三、过去分词作宾补 作宾语补足语的过去分词一般为及物动词,其前面的宾语是它的逻辑主语,二者之间构成被动关系。 过去分词作宾语补足语用于以下情况:,1. 位于感官动词如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find等之后。 He felt himself cheated. 他感到自己被骗了。 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year. (NMET2000) 经理们讨论了这个计划,并且想在明年看到这个计划被执行。 注意：在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,如：*I saw Mr. White get off a bus. *I saw Mr. White looking into the shop window. *Do you hear someone knocking at the door? Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times. 2. 位于使役动词如have, keep, make, get, leave等词之后。 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. (谚语) 少说多看。 Dont leave such an important thing undone. 不要把这么重要的事情搁着不做。,3. 位于表示“愿望、希望”等意义的动词如want, wish, like, expect等词之后。 I wish the problem settled. 我希望问题得到解决。 I would like my house painted white. 我希望把我的房间刷成白色。 4. 位于介词with /without之后。 With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥当以后,他离开了办公室。 The woman was worrying with her ticket lost. 这位妇人很焦急,她的车票丢了。 She left the office without work done yesterday. 昨天,她没做完工作就走了。 特别提醒-1： 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语。 主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。,have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：The radio she had had repaired went wrong. 她请人修的收音机坏了。 表示“使完成某事”，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。 We must get the work fulfilled by the end of this week. 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。 Many people had their houses damaged in the serious typhoon（台风）. He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。,特别提醒-2：当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。 如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。 They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。 练习: 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.(上海1999) A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired,2. It is wise to have some money _ for old age. (NMET1996) A. put away B. keep up C. give away D. laid up 3. I dont want the children _ out in such weather. A. take B. to take C. taken D. taking 4. Im afraid that I cant make myself _ because of my poor English. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood,四、过去分词作定语 单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义。 A类:被动意义: an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 B类:完成意义: a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如: This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written). 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。,过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系（现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)。 例-1：My parents are both retired teachers. 例-2：We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. 例-3：As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _50 households or more. A. having B. to have C. to have had D. having had,导悟：答案为A。后面由现在分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词。 例-4：Most of the students invited to the garden party(=who were invited to the garden party) came from our school. 例-5：The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 特别提醒: 1、过去分词和ing分词作定语的区别： 过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。如：,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水 developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家 fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况 2、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。 He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. Our monitor is the first to arrive. 3、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别： 动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。a walking stick 拐杖（动名词， a stick for walking） a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词， a car for sleeping） the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词） the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词）,