八年级其中复习知识点.ppt

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anything interesting 一些有趣的东西 1)something,anything,nothing,everything是指物的不定代词。somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,everybody,everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere是指地点的不定代词。 2)当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,放在这些词的后面; 3)这些不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。如: Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗? something,somebody,someone,somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中,而anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere用于否定句及疑问句中。如: Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗?(表疑问) Why dont you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢?(表建议),buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 如:My parents often buy some books for me. = My parents often buy me some books. 我父母经常给我买书。,quite a few 相当多 a few 与 a little 的区别,few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者都表肯定意义 如:He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词 但两者都表否定意义 如:He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。,bored 作形容词,意为“烦闷的;厌倦的”其主语是某人; boring 也是形容词,其主语是某物。 如:My parents ask me to do homework all day. I feel bored.我父母整天叫我做作业,我感到很厌倦。 Doing homework all day is a little boring. 整天做作业有点无聊。 相类似的词语还有: interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的 surprised adj. 感到惊奇的surprising adj. 惊奇的 tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的 excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的 amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的,get to/reach/arrive 相同点:都是“到达“的意思 不同点: get to+地点/reach+地点 arrive at+小地点,车站等)arrive in+大地点(国家等) 注意:若他们后面要加地点副词here,there,home等,则不需要加介词。 enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如:She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他过得很愉快。 跟它意思相近的词组还有have a good great time , have fun。,decide 意为“决定”,是动词,它的名词形式为decision。,decide to do sth. decide on doing sth. 决定做某事 make a decision to do sth. 决定不要做某事,要用decide not to do sth.。 如:Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。,because of , because:,because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语 I had to move because of my job. because + 从句 如:I do it because I like it.,enough 足够,形容词enough 如:beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough名词 如:enough food 足够食物,enough to 足够去做 如:I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school. 她够大去读书了。,How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视? Twice a week. 一周两次。 (1)how often表示“多久一次”,是对动作的频率进行提问。可用于回答表示频率的副词,如always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never等,或用于回答表示频率的短语,如once a day (一天一次),twice a week (一周两次),four times a month (一个月四次),every day (每一天)等。如: How often does he surf the Internet? 他多久在网上冲浪一次? Once a week. 一周一次。 (2)twice a week 意思是“一周两次”是一个表示频率的短语,表示频率的短语一般是由“次数a时间名词”构成;表示“一次或两次”时,一般用once和twice表示,而表示“三次或三次以上”时,则用“数词times”结构。如:once a month (一个月一次),twice a day (一天两次),three times a week (一周三次),five times a year (一年五次)等。,She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。 (1)be good for意思是“对有好处”。如: Doing exercise is good for our health. 进行锻炼对我们的身体有好处 【辨析】:be good for, be good at 与be good to,health是一个名词,意思是“健康”,它的形容词形式是healthy,意思是“健康的”。如: My grandmother is over 80 years old, but she is very healthy. 我奶奶八十多岁了,但她非常健康。 We should keep in good health.我们要保持健康。,help with sth. 如:They help with this problem. help sb. do. 如:They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松,although为连词,意思是“尽管;虽然”,表示转折关系,同义词有though。与but作用相同,但是用法不同。特别注意英、汉在此意义上的表达区别:汉语中经常说“虽然但是”,但在英语中,although和but不能同时使用,即“虽然”和“但是”只能用其一。如: Although I get up early, I cant catch the early bus. = I get up early, but I cant catch the early bus. 尽管我起得很早,但还是没有赶上早班车。,He has shorter hair than Sam. 他的头发比萨姆的短。 than 比(用于形容词,副词的比较级之后) 当两个人或者物进行比较时,要用形容词的比较级。“比较级 + than” 表示“比更”。一般形容词或副词的比较级是在词后加-er。但要注意比较的对象。如: I am taller than Jim. 我比吉姆高。 This book is more interesting than that one.这本书比那本书有趣。 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级: 1)原级(不作比较),修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really; 2)比较级,表示“较”或“更”的意思(两者之间进行比较), 标志词than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词much,a lot,a little; 3)最高级,表示“最”的意思(三者或三者以上作比较),形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带in(of)短语来什么比较的范围。,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化:,(1)比较级前可加much, far, even , still, a lot, a little, a bit 等词修饰,不可加very. (2) 比较级+and +比较级(越来越) 如 taller and taller或more and more popular (3) The + 比较级,the +比较级(越.就越) 如The more books she reads, the better she understands.,Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力。 “.(not)as + 形容词或副词原级+ as.”是一种原级比较,意思为“和(不) 一样”。 .not as + 形容词或副词原级+ as.表示双方在某个方面不同。如: His English is not as good as hers. 他英语不如她的好。 He doesnt work as hard as his brother. 他没有他哥哥工作努力。,辨析beat/win 相同点:都是动词,表示“赢” 不同:beat+人 win+比赛,竞赛,战争等名词。 如: We played very well, and beat them. They won the match this time.,I think a good friend makes me laugh.,牢记:make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 make+宾语+形容词 使某人/某事怎样 如: Our teacher makes us work ten hours a day.,both 与 all both 指代两者; all指代三者或三者以上 如: My parents are both fine。 我父母都好。 We are all here。 我们都在这儿。,Its not necessary to be the same. Its+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth. It是形式主语,to do sth.是真正主语。意为“某人做某事怎么样” 如: It is easy for me to make friends. 我交朋友很容易。,一、有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。例如: help,hope,ask,refuse(拒绝),decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,learn,plan,manage,agree,fail,offer,happen,seem等等。 构成词组want sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. expect sb. to do sth. wish sb to do sth. hope to do sth. be/get ready to do sth. decide to do sth. choose to do sth. help sb. (to) do sth. plan to do sth. seem to do sth.,二、有些动词或短语只接动名词(doing)做宾语: mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,consider,miss,keep(on),avoid,stand(忍受),allow ,practice, give up,put off,look forward to,feel like,preventfrom,cant help,be/get used to ,be worth doing,be busy doing,
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