2019-2020年高三二模考试英语汇编 简答题 无答案.doc

2019-2020年高三二模考试英语汇编 简答题 无答案(崇明)In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a puter screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a persons thoughtsor at least the thoughts they typeare what really count. So even the shyest person can bee a chat-room star.Usually, this “faceless” munication doesnt create problems. Identity doesnt really matter when youre in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people e together to chat about their interests?But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. Theyre looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesnt get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they dont have to worry about what their “faceless” munication is doing for their image. In a sense, theyre not really themselves.All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, its easy to let ones imagination “fill in the blanks.” This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different than the real person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far richer than anything youll find on a puter screen.” (Note: Answer the questions or plete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. We learn about a person in cyberspace only through _.82. Why is the Internet a great place for exciting conversation?83. What makes online love relationship often fail?84. From the passage we can learn that the writer _ looking for love on the Internet.81. the thoughts they type / the words on a puter screen82. Because people focus on the ideas while talking. / Because it puts emphasis on the ideas themselves.83. municating with an imaginary person. / Not truly knowing a person.84. disagrees with / objects to / is against（奉贤）Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional “roller coaster” they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems mon that international visitors and immigrants vacillate（犹豫不定）between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue es from straining to prehend the language, and coping with new situation.The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.It is logical to think that when people are deprived of heir familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsake are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that bee familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home. (Note: Answer the questions or plete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the 1st paragraph, what have experts been interested in? 82. What are the two problems people face when entering a new culture?83. Coping with new situations may result in_.84. The author thinks the more effective way to solve “cultural shock” is_. 81. Culture shocks effects on people.82. Emotional “roller coaster” and fatigue83. mental fatigue84. fitting some past regular routine into the new culture(虹口)From bankers to factory staff, employees in the west face the bleak prospect (暗淡的前景) of losing their jobs as a global recession (衰退) starts to bite. For colleagues in the East the pain is more likely to e through a pay cut.Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to keep jobs in difficult times, which will stop unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, leaving some experts predicting Western shift to Eastern flexibility.“In the Confucian (儒家的) attitude, the right thing to do is to share the burden. There is the sense of collective responsibility whereas (然而) in the West, its more about the individual survival,” said Michael Benotlel, associated professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University.Steven Pang, Asian Regional Director for Aquent, a headhunting firm, said in many East Asian panies there was a responsibility “ to take care of the members of the family and go through the pain together” even if that meant causing losses.US firms from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousand. But at the Asian units of Western multinationals, job cuts will probably be less severe.Japans jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kongs was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms bee more multinational and petition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals (对手) from abroad.(Note: Answer the questions or plete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What caused the different practices of Asian and Western firms facing the global recession?82. Why is it easier for the East Asian firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn?83. Firms in the west would lay off workers when facing a bleak prospect because of _.84. _ will make the differences in East and West less noticeable.81. The cultural differences between the East and the West.82. Because they neednt rehire or train new staff. / Because they wont / dont need to rehire or train new staff. 83. the individual survival.84. More firms being more multinational and petition(黄浦、嘉定)All of us municate with one another non-verbally, as well as with words. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone elses eyes and look away, shift positions in a chair. These actions we assume are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent and prehensive as language.Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its difference along with spoken language. A Frenchman talks and moves in French. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it. In talking, with a future-tense verb, Americans often gesture with a forward movement. There are regional idioms too. An expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way he uses his eyebrows during conversation. Your sex, moral background, social class and personal style all influence your body language. Usually, the wordless munication acts to qualify the words. What the non-verbal elements express very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message. When a person feels liked or disliked, often its a case of “not what he said but the way he said it.” Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has e up with this formula: total impact of a message = 7% verbal + 38% gestural + 55% facial. Experts in kinesics the study of munication through body movement are not prepared to spell out a vocabulary or gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or rejecting something. But there are other possible interpretations, too. Another example: When a student in conversation with a professor holds the older mans eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection; it can be a challenge to the professors authority; or it can be something else entirely. The experts look for patterns in the context, not for an isolated meaningful gesture.(Note: Answer the questions or plete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81What idea does the author aim to convey in paragraph 2?82Besides moral background, _ are the other three factors affecting peoples body language.83From Alberts formula, we learn that the body language _.84What can you conclude from the examples given in paragraph 5?81.Every culture has its own body language.82. sex, social class and personal style83.plays a more(most) important role in munication84.The same body language / gesture has different meanings. / The same body language / gesture can be given several interpretations.(静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦)Frogs, toads and salamanders usually make us think of green, slimy little monsters. These monsters actually belong to a very special class of animals called the amphibians. Amphibians can live both on land and in the water. They monly inhabit ponds, rivers, marshes and other wetlands.Today, amphibians are being extinct very quickly from all the six continents where they are found. More than 25 countries are reporting sharp drops in the populations of amphibians. In some places, embryos (胚胎) are dying; in others, adults are missing. Why are they dying off?Scientists blame human interference. Industrial waste and toxic gases given out by factories, manufacturing plants and cars are steadily poisoning the breeding grounds of amphibians. Chemicals such as sulphur dioxide rise high into the atmosphere and mix with rain. This makes the rain acidic and thus kills off delicate amphibian embryos.More rare species of amphibians are already gone. Costa Ricas Golden toads have not been seen since 1989. The Australian Gastric Brooding frogs are extinct. Leopard frog numbers are dropping in the Rocky Mountains. Leopard frogs live in the wetland regions in these areas. The wetlands are being drained to make way for highways, industry and new housing.Another threat to the amphibians is the increased ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet rays e from the sun and are extremely harmful to living things. They can cause skin cancer in humans. Luckily for us, ultraviolet rays are blocked by a thick layer of ozone above the earths atmosphere. Ozone is a special kind of oxygen which absorbs ultraviolet radiation. Now, the ozone layer is being destroyed by chemicals called CFCs which are given off by factories. A hole in the ozone layer was discovered over Antarctica in the late 1980s. As a result, more ultraviolet rays are reaching the earth and more amphibians are dying.Just as the emergence of new infectious diseases such as Bird Flu are a threat to human and animal populations across the world, amphibian species are also facing their most significant threat from a little understood disease. A chytrid fungus is understood to be of the major causes of frog death across the world.(Note: Answer the questions or plete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)81._indicate that amphibians are dying out quickly.82.Whats the destructive force of acid rain?_.83.The ozone layer protects people by _.84.List at least two major factors that lead to the extinction of amphibians._.81.The sharp drops in the populations of amphibians from over 25 countries 82.It kills off delicate amphibian embryos.83.absorbing/ blocking the (harmful) ultraviolet radiation84.Human interference, increased ultraviolet radiation and new infectious diseases（闵行）High school dropouts (辍学者) earn an average of $9,000 less per year than graduates. Now a new study moves away a mon belief why they quit. Its much more than failing in exams at school.Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just cant cut it. They are lazy, and perhaps not too bright. So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left. “The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school.” John Bridgeland, the executive researcher said. About one million teens leave school each year. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic students will receive a diploma, and actually all dropouts e to regret their decision. So, if failing grades dont explain why these kids quit, what does? Again, John Bridgeland: “The most dependable finding was that they were bored.” “They found classes uninteresting; they werent inspired or motivated. They didnt see any direct connection between what they were learning in the classroom to their own lives, or to their career aspirations.”The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen, which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit. In the US, only one state, New Mexico, has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate. Only four states: California, Tennessee, Texas and Utah, plus the District of Columbia, require school attendance until age 18, no exceptions, another researcher, says raising the pulsory attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school. “As these dropouts look back, they realize theyve made a mistake. And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out and it through to the end, is probably helpful measure.”New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18. But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the pointthe need for reform. Its been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging and relevant, and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something. (Note: Answer the questions or plete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS)81. What do people think of those who quit school?82.Many students quit school not because they cannot pass grades but because they find lessons _.83.Why dont some students quit until they are sixteen?84.According to the passage, the more effective way to keep students from quitting is to _.81. (They are) lazy and not bright.82. uninteresting and not relevant to real life/ having no direct connection with their lives83. Because thats the age to be allowed to quit. / Because thats the pulsory attendance age required by law.84. reform or reinvent high school education（浦东）Planting trees around poultry(家禽) farms can improve air and water quality and relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia (氨). They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas.The trees capture dust, ammonia and smells in their leaves. They can also reduce energy use. They also provide shade from the sun, so they reduce cooling costs in summer. And they act as a windbreak, so they reduce heating costs in winter. Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutions from soil and groundwater.Several years ago, people were objecting to the smell of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United States. Delmarva is where the states of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia e together. Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens.Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses. Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings, so there would be no barrier to the airflow.But then in the 60s, farms began to use mechanical ventilation(通风) systems. Instead of windows, the mechanical systems used tunnel fans to circulate(使循环) air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors.Researchers began dealing with the problem in xx. They found that over a period of six years, planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that smells were reduced by 18%.Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective. But some trees can grow quickly. At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees, technically known as vegetative environmental buffers. The idea offers a way to cut pollution, save money and energy, and make the neighbors happy.81. How did the mechanical ventilation system work?82.The number of chickens raised on the poultry farms in Delmarva is up to _.83.The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms are _.84. What is the main topic of the passage?81. By using tunnel fans to circulate air82. 150 million83. cutting pollution, saving money and energy, and make the neighbors happy84. The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms（普陀）Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a plete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are fortable and mon. And parentchild activities, from shopping to sports, involve a fe