2019-2020年高考英语短文改错集训（二）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语短文改错集训（二）【专项突破】短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Last month, the 18th Foreign Language Speech petition was successfully held in our boarding school. Luckily, the Students Union organize an English Speech petition. At first I didnt show some interest and wasnt very much confident. Then my English teacher Mr. Smith encouraged me. Inspiring by my teacher, I signed up for the petition and made fully preparations for it. Two weeks later the time I had been looking forward to ing and it was his turn. Glancing at my teachers smiling face, I built up my confidence. Much to my delight, the result was announced and I was one of the winner. But my teachers encouragement, I couldnt have won the first prize. Im proud of Mr. Smith or the wonderful experience.Passage 2As is known to all, drunk driving in the road traffic safety is strictly prohibited. Unluckily, I saw a traffic accident on my way home on last night. A car hit a motorbike. The motorbike driver was bad hurt and sent to hospital. After a while, the traffic police came. Under the help of the people who witnessed the accident, the police found out a truth. The driver of the car was drinking and his car went out of control. At last he was taken to the police station. All the people there think the car driver was to blame for this accident. Which is reported in the news reports, drunk driving should be treated more seriously. It often causes many people lose their lives, such as the accident that happened in Hangzhou and Chengdu. It is high time that we prevent drunk driving. Passage 3Dear Sir/Madam, I write this letter to you to draw your attention to my plaint about your service. A few days ago, I joined a three-days trip to E-mei Mountain in your travel agency. I found a little differences between your advertisement and action. As you say, you will provide a large air-conditioned bus, but we only rode in a shabby bus with any air conditioner. Yes, you served us lunch, and the food tasted terribly and some even with sand. We didnt enjoy any kind of shower. In fact, we only bathe in cold water. As for sightseeing, the guide took us to several expensive souvenir shops, what wasted us much time. As the result, two scenery spots were finally left unseen. We do hope something can done to prevent such things happen again.Passage 4As we all know, playing is one of mans itself characteristics. Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since many years ago, many adults and children have call their friends together to spend hours, even days play games. One of reasons why people like to play is that sports help them to move happily. In other words, they help to keep people strong and health. If people are playing games, they move a lot of. Having fun with their friends make them happy. Many people enjoy sports by watch others play. So that is why sports are good activities for peoples health.Passage 5Last Sunday I went shopping with my father. We have a lot of things to buy. We drove to the center of the city and stopped our car in the front of the shop. An hour late, we came back to the car. But it was strange that we couldnt open the door. So we asked the policeman for help. It was glad to help us. A few minute later, he got the door open. Just then a man came up and shouted angrily. How are you doing with my car? We were surprising and went to see the number of the car. What you think we did then? We had to speak sorry to the man again and again. Passage 6Yesterday, it was just on the point of big shopping this season. Li Mei goes to a store to return a shirt without carrying the receipt(收据）.When she got there，she refused. The salesman said that he wouldnt take it back if she showed him the receipt. Thinking it was no way out，Li Mei put the shirt back in her bag and left. Suddenly two shop guard stopped her and began to search for her. They found the shirt in the bag and looked at it careful. Many eyes were staring at her, what made Li Mei very embarrassing. Luckily, a salesman came up in time and she was allowed to go.Passage 7Changes create happiness. Fortunately, great changes have been taken place in my villageTen years ago, the small and low houses, which lie on the north of the lake, produced much wasteAs the result, the lake was serious pollutedTo the west was a sandy field, that was the source of dustBetter still, a brickyard on the southwest side of the lake used up a great deal good soilNow poor house have been replaced by green trees and the brickyard by tall buildingsThe sandy field that the villagers used to ploughing has been covered with fruit treesOn the lake the villagers often spend his spare time boating and fishingxx高考英语-短文改错集训（二）答案与解析Passage 1本文是一篇励志小故事。讲述了作者(一位中学生)参加了本校一年一度的英语口语演讲比赛。当初，作者由于缺乏兴趣和自信而不敢参加，因受自己的英语老师的开导和激励，便报了名，但经过自己的一番努力后，最终以第一名的好成绩赢得了这场比赛。1.organizeorganized。考查动词时态的用法。句子Last month, the 18th Foreign Language Speech petition was successfully held in our boarding school. Luckily, the Students Union organize an English Speech petition中的谓语动词organize，其动作时间应与作者参赛的时间取得一致，故用一般过去时。2.someany 。考查同义词辨析。句子At first I didnt show some interest and wasnt very 中的形容词some，通常用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句之中。但在否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中常用any来替换。3. 去掉much。考查副词固定习语的用法。句中and wasnt very much confident中的much与very连用，通常修饰动词。但其后紧跟形容词confident，故much多余。4.InspiringInspired。考查过去分词短语作状语的用法。句中Inspiring by my teacher, I signed up for the petition中的Inspiring，与句子主语I是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，且有by短语提示，二者合起来作状语，表示原因，相当于原因状语从句。5.fullyfull。考查副词的误用。句中and made fully preparations for it中的fully是副词，作状语，通常修饰动词。但其后紧跟名词preparations，应为形容词作定语。6ingcame。考查句子结构的甄别。根据句子结构分析：本句是由并列连词and连接的并列句，前一分句Two weeks later the time I had been looking forward to ing and it was中的the time是主语，I had been looking forward to是省略了引导词that的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the time，该分句中缺少谓语动词。但是，又受and的制约，证明又由其连接了一个使用一般过去时的后一分句，此时句中ing不能单独作谓语，只能改为came时，句子结构才能成立。7.hismy。考查逻辑关系。文章是以第一人称叙述了作者的所有境况。所以，此处应用my来表示所属关系。8.winnerwinners。考查名词数别的判断。句子I was one of the winner表述中可以看出，one of后跟名词，须用其复数形式。9.ButWithout。考查逻辑关系。文章最后表明了作者对老师的感激之情，便使用了Without, couldnt have done .句式结构。所以，此处的without介词短语表示条件。10.orand。考查逻辑关系。最后作者以拥有这样的老师和本次难得的比赛经历而表示自豪。所以，此处的Mr. Smith 和 the wonderful experience without是并列关系。Passage 2本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者昨天晚上回家时所看到的一起醉驾行驶的小轿车撞上了一辆电动自行车的交通事故。伤情严重，在好心人的帮助下，伤者很快被送到了医院进行抢救。于是，现场的目击证人强烈谴责醉驾司机，要求其对本次事故负全责。作者又通过发生在杭州和成都的两地多起交通事故来强烈呼吁：抵制醉驾，珍惜生命。1. 去掉last前面on。考查名词短语的习惯用法。句子way home on last night中 的介词on 应该用在表示具体的某一日或某一天的早晨、下午或者晚上，但在last night名词习语中， 介词on是多余的。2.badbadly。考查形容词的误用。句子driver was bad hurt中 的形容词bad 应该用在名词前作定语，但是，此处是在动词hurt前，须用副词，作状语，即表示：伤者的被伤害的程度。 3.UnderWith。考查固定习语的用法。句子Under the help of the people who中的固定搭配with ones help或with the help of somebody，表示 “在某人帮助下”，其介词为with。4.athe。考查冠词的基本用法。句子police found out a truth中的冠词，应表示 “这次交通事故的真实情况”，表示特指，须用定冠词the。5.drinkingdrunk。考查被动语态的用法。句子The driver of the car was drinking中的was drinking是主动语态，由从句中得知，小轿车司机是喝醉了酒，应用be+v-ed构成的系表结构来表示：The driver of the car的精神状态。6.thinkthought。考查动词时态的辨别。句子All the people there think the car driver was to blame主句中的谓语动词think应与从句中的谓语动词保持时间上的一致，须用一般过去时。7.WhichAs。考查定语从句引导词的辨析。句子Which is reported in the news reports, drunk driving causes many people中的Which is reported in the news reports是定语从句中的从句，drunk driving causes many people是主句，本定语从句中能够代替一个句子内容的引导词，只有as。 8. lose前加to。考查固定搭配的用法。句子 driving causes many people lose their lives中的固定搭配cause somebody to do something，表示 “导致/引发/引起”意义时，其后跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。9.accidentaccidents。考查名词数别的判断。句子 such as the accident that happened in Hangzhou and Chengdu表述中的accident须用复数形式,应与that引导的定语从句中出现的in Hangzhou and Chengdu语意相吻合。10.preventprevented或加should。考查虚拟语气的用法。句子It is high time that we prevent drunk driving表述中的that从句里的谓语动词须用“动词过去式或should+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。句式结构为It is high time that 刚好（恰好）到了时候了。Passage 3本篇是一封游客对旅行社失信服务的投诉信。信中讲到：作者参报了一个为期三天去峨眉山旅游的旅行社，当游客到了目的地后，竟然发现，旅行社的广告宣传与游览景点和游区服务质量相差悬殊，所有承诺均未兑现，胡乱顶用，最后造成重点景点遗漏，憾事连连。作者强烈要求有关部门采取相应措施，制止类似事件的再次发生。1.three-daysthree-day。考查复合形容词的用法。文中 joined a three-days trip to E-mei Mountain里的three-days是复合形容词，其由“基数词+连字符+名词单数”来构成，作定语，修饰名词trip。2.littlefew 。考查同义词的辨析。文中found a little differences between里的differences是可数名词的复数形式，故其前few作定语，起限定作用。而little则与不可数名词的单数形式连用。3.withwithout/anyno。考查逻辑关系。文中已经讲明了游客坐的是没有装空调的车子，并且车况很差。所以，此处应用否定意义的词来表述。4.andbut。考查逻辑关系。作者反映尽管旅行社在午饭时提供了饭菜，但是质量很差，而且还有沙粒。所以，此处语义应为转折关系。5.terriblyterrible。考查副词的误用。句子the food tasted terribly中的terribly是副词，作状语。而此处应用其形容词terrible，置于系动词tasted后作表语，才符合词法要求 。6.bathebathed。考查动词时态的辨别。句子In fact, we only bathe in cold water中的谓语动词bathe应与全文背景时间保持一致，须用一般过去时。7.whatwhich。考查非限制性定语从句的用法。从句子结构来看，句子the guide took us to several expensive souvenir shops, what wasted us much time句中的souvenir shops，其后跟了一个非限制性定语从句来起补充或说明作用，因先行词指物，应用关系代词which来引导。而what则与定语从句无关。8.thea。考查固定习语的用法。句子As the result, two scenery spots were finally left unseen中的固定搭配as a result用作插入语，表示 结果，其中冠词为a。9. can后加be。考查情态动词被动语态的用法。句子We do hope something can done to prevent中的something是动词do的承受对象，应用被动语态。同时，其谓语中有情态动词can，故正确表达式应为：can be done。10.happenhappening。考查特殊句式的用法。句子to prevent such things happen again中的prevent句型搭配应为preventfrom doing something或prevent doing something，故应用happening。Passage 4本文是一篇有关运动有益于健康的议论文。文章主题鲜明，论点突出，论据充分。文章全面揭示了生命在于运动的这一永恒主题的内涵。1.andbut。考查逻辑关系。根据文中 playing is one of mans itself characteristics. Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play两个分句间的逻辑关系来分析，中间的关联词y应视为转折关系。2.womanwomen。考查名词数别的判断。根据语境推断men and woman是并列的两个名词作主语，按照语法要求，它们在数别上应当保持一致。 3.callcalled。考查动词时态的用法。句子Since many years ago, many adults and children have call their friends together 中的谓语动词have call受since短语的影响，应用现在完成时。 4.playplaying。考查特殊句式的用法。句子their friends together to spend hours, even days play games里的句型搭配应为spenddoing something或spendin doing something，故playing符合句式要求。5. of 后加the。考查冠词的用法。句子One of reasons why people like o play is that sports help them to move happily中，关系副词why 引导了限制性定语从句，作定语，修饰先行词reasons，表示特指，故其前面冠词应为the。6.healthhealthy。考查动词习惯搭配的用法。句子help to keep people strong and health句型搭配应为keep + 名词/代词+形容词，由此判断，此处应用healthy。7.IfWhen。考查逻辑关系。句子If people are playing games, they move a lot根据语境推断：每天我们在运动的时候，对什么都充满了精神。所以，该从句的引导词自然为when了。 8. 去掉of。考查固定习语的用法。句子they move a lot of中的a lot相当于副词，作状语，修饰move。而a lot of相当于形容词，作定语，用来修饰名词。所以，此处of多余。9.makemakes。考查动名词作主语的用法。句子Having fun with their friends make them happy中的Having fun with their friends是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。10.watchwatching。考查动名词作宾语的用法。句子Many people enjoy sports by watch others play中的by是介词，其后跟动词时，应用动词-ing形式，作介词宾语。 Passage 5本文是一篇记叙文，记述了作者与父亲上周日去购物时所制造的一件令人极其尴尬的事。1.havehad。考查动词时态的辨别。句子We have a lot of things to buy中的谓语动词have应与全文背景时间保持一致，须用一般过去时。 2.去掉front前the 。考查冠词的用法。句子 stopped our car in the front of the shop中的名词前有无冠词，其意义甚远。根据语境看来，此处表示车子停在商店门口的前面，即某一范围外部的前面区域，front前须去掉定冠词the。否则，front前须与定冠词the连用。3.latelater。考查形近词的辨析。句子An hour late, we came back to the car里的late，表示未按照规定时间到达某一地点，即“迟到”。later表示某一时间点以后若干时间，即某一点时间开始后。可是，此处表示“一个小时后，我们才”， 由此判断，later符合语境要求。4.policeman前加a。考查冠词表示类别的用法。句中So we asked for help中的policeman是可数名词，其与不定冠词连用表示类别，即“一类人，一种人”。由此判断，作者和父亲立刻请了一位警察来帮忙打开车门。5.ithe。考查指代关系。句中It was glad to help us里的it是指那位帮忙的警察，应用人称代词he来表示指代才符合逻辑。6.minuteminutes。考查名词数别的判断。句子A few minute later, he got表述中的minute须用复数形式,因其前面有a few来修饰。7.Howwhat。考查疑问词的用法。句子How are you doing with my car表述中的疑问词因受动词do with的制约，须用疑问词what，若动词为deal with,其疑问词则用how。8.surprisingsurprised。考查-ing和-ed词尾形容词的用法。句子We were surprising and went to see表述中的surprising，只能与表示物的名词或代词连用，说明“令的”而surprised只能与表示人的名词或代词连用，说明“使的”。由此判断，此处应为-ed词尾的形容词了。9.you前加do。考查特殊疑问句的结构。句子What you think we did then表述中的Do you think是一般疑问句，其后跟了What we did then组成的宾语从句，按照句式要求，须构成特殊疑问句，便将疑问词前移了。10.speaksay。考查同义词的辨析。句子We had to speak sorry to the man again and again表述中的speak强调开口发声或讲什么语言，其后通常跟表示语言的名词。但是，say则侧重说话者的讲话内容。由此推断，此处say吻合与语境意义。Passage 6本文是一篇以第三人称记述的顾客返回商场退货时所发生的一件蹊跷小事。1.goeswent。考查动词时态的用法。句子Yesterday, Li Mei goes to a store to return a shirt without carrying the receipt中的谓语动词goes应与全文背景时间保持一致，须用一般过去时。 2.refused前加was/got 。考查被动语态的用法。根据语境分析，句子she got there，she refused里的she是动词refuse的承受对象，应用被动语态。3.ifunless。考查逻辑关系。句子The salesman said that he wouldnt take it back if she showed him the receipt根据语境推断：若she不能提供购物发票的话，售货员是不会接受退货的。所以，该状语从句的引导词应当是unless。 4.itthere。考查特殊句式的用法。句子Thinking it was no way out，Li Mei put the shirt back in her bag and left中的it was no way out句型搭配应为there is no way，意为“毫无办法”。5.guardguards。考查名词数别的判断。句子Suddenly two shop guard stopped her表述中的two已经表明了名词数别状况。6. 去掉for。考查动词近义词的辨析。句子and began to search for her表述中，search for，意为“寻找”，后面跟人或物作宾语，表示未看见或不见了的东西或人；search，意为“搜查，搜身”，后面跟人或地点作宾语，表示：搜某人的身或在中寻找。由此判断， 介词for多余。7.carefulcarefully。考查形容词的误用。句子and looked at it careful中的careful为形容词，常用作定语和表语。但是，此处被置于动词looked at之后，应用副词carefully，作状语，表示注意的程度 。8.whatwhich。考查非限制性定语从句的用法。从句子结构来看，句子Many eyes were staring at her其后跟了what made Li Mei very，一个非限制性定语从句来起补充或说明作用，指代整个主句的内容，应用关系代词which来引导。而what不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。9.embarrassingembarrassed。考查-ing和-ed词尾形容词的辨析。从全篇看来，此处是说明或描述she的特性时，应用-ed 的形容词才吻合语境意义。10.athe。考查定冠词的用法。从末段来，此处是指前面在商城拒绝收货的那个售货员。英语中，当人或物再次被提到时，应与定冠词the来连用。Passage 7本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作者所处的村子里发生了巨变后的所呈现出的村容村貌。1. 去掉been。考查被动语态的误用。句中Great changes have been taken place in my village来看，谓语动词take place当作不及物动词来用，可以用happen来替换，其本身就没有被动语态。英语中，只有及物动词才有被动语态，由此看来，助动词been多余。2.lielay 。考查动词时态的用法。句子 which lie on the north of中的谓语动词lie应与Ten years ago时间保持一致，须用一般过去时。 3.the a。考查不定冠词的用法。句中which lie on the north of the lake, produced much waste中的lake是本文第一次出现，表示类别，即有一个湖，应与不定冠词a来连用。4.seriousseriously。考查形容词的误用。句子the lake was serious polluted中的serious是形容词，常用作定语和表语。但是，此处的serious放在was polluted中，应用其副词seriously，修饰was polluted，作状语，表示受污染的程度 。5.thatwhich。考查非限制性定语从句的用法。从句子结构来看，句子To the west was a sandy field其后跟了that was the source of dust一个非限制性定语从句来起补充或说明作用，引导词指代整个主句的内容，应用关系代词which来引导。而that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。6.BetterWorse。考查逻辑关系。句子Better still, a brickyard on the southwest side of the lake used up a great根据语境推断：这个湖泊的西南面的一个制砖厂竟然用完了大量的肥沃土壤来生产砖块。因此，句中的插入语应当是Worse，表示不利因素的语义关系。7. Deal后加of。考查固定习语的用法。句子a brickyard on the southwest side of the lake used up a great deal good soil中的a great deal相当于副词，作状语。但是，其后却跟了good soil，这时，该词应相当于一个形容词，作定语，用来修饰名词good soil。即a great deal of。8.househouses。考查名词数别的辨别。句子Now poor house have been replaced by表述中的have已经表明了名词house数别状况。9.ploughingplough。考查特定句式的用法。句子The sandy field that the villagers used to ploughing has been covered中的that the villagers used to ploughing作定语，修饰先行词The sandy field。可是，在从句中，其谓语动词的句式应为used to do something，表示过去常常做，此处自然是plough了。 10.histheir。考查逻辑关系。句子On the lake the villagers often spend his spare time boating and fishing中的his须得与the villagers取得对应。