2019-2020年中考英语 语法专题突破 专题九 非谓语动词 人教新目标版.doc

2019-2020年中考英语 语法专题突破 专题九 非谓语动词 人教新目标版考纲要求动词不定式做宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语考查点年份题号选项设置分值疑问词不定式xx39how_to_study/when to study/which to study/what to study1分作宾语(固定搭配)xx33accept/to accept/say/to_say1分xx39clean/to_clean/cleaning/cleaned1分表目的xx37to_find/find/to write/write1分作宾补(固定搭配)201132speak/to_speak/spoke/speaks1分Cto listen Dto listen to()16.Lucy is shy.She would not invite her classmates _ dancing with her.Apractice BpracticesCpracticing Dto practice()17.Students should learn how _ problems.Asolve BsolvingCcan solve Dto solve()18.(xx唐山9中模拟)Nobody could tell me where _ the book.Abuy BbuyingCcan buy Dto buy()19.When I walked past the park，I saw some old people _ Chinese Taichi.Ado BdidCdoing Dare doing()20.I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into the classroom.Alying Blay Clie Dlies()21.Our English teacher often says to us，“_ English well is very important.”ALearn BLearningCLearned DTo learning()22.Im sleepy.I prefer _ at home to going out for a walk.Asleeping Bto sleepCslept Dsleep()23.Many young people took part in _ trees on Tree Planting Day.Aplanting BplantsCto plant Dplant【满分点拨】1非谓语动词的定义及句法功能(1)非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。(2)非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语或状语等成分，即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。如：To see is to believe.(作主语和表语)眼见为实。The boy likes walking to school.(作宾语)那个男孩喜欢步行去学校。Dont keep us waiting for a long time.(作补语)不要让我们等得太久。(3)非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词按照其用法分为：动词不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词。按照其形式分为：to do、v.ing、v.ed。2动词不定式的用法动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。(1)作主语。不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置。常用句型：Itsadj.(for/of)sb.to do sth.。如：Its nice of you to take pictures for us.你真好，给我们照相。(2)作表语。可放在be动词之后作表语。如：My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。(3)作宾语。常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide“决定”，expect“期望”，forget“忘记”，hope“希望”，pretend“假装”，try“尽力”。如：Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this summer vacation？你决定今年暑假去香港旅行吗？(4)作宾语补足语。常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask“要求”，tell“告诉”，want“想要”，teach“教”，wish“希望”，help“帮助”，warn“警告”，invite“邀请”，encourage“鼓励”等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。(5)作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被说明修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。如：I am not free now.I have lots of things to do.我现在没有空。我有很多事要做。(6)作状语。主要作目的状语，也可作结果状语和原因状语。如：They will go to the station to meet the guests.他们将去车站会见客人。(目的状语)Paul is too excited to say anything.保罗激动得说不出话来了。(结果状语)I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital.听说你妈妈生病了我很难过。(原因状语)注意：在使役动词make，let，have和感官动词see，hear，watch，notice，feel等词后，要把不定式结构中的to省略。如：I saw our English teacher enter the office just now.刚才我看到我们的英语老师走进办公室了。3常见只能跟不定式的动词tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事wish to do sth.希望做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事learn to do sth.学习做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事promise to do sth.承诺做某事4动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别(1)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。举例如下：(2)感官动词后接不定式或现在分词感官动词后既可接不带to的不定式，也可接现在分词；接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见到)全过程”，接现在分词时指“瞬间动作”。如：I heard the girl singing in the next room.我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。I always hear the girl sing in the next room.我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。5动词不定式的特殊句型(1)tooto表示“太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。(2)enough to表示“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。(3)Why dont you 不带to的不定式？Why not不带to的不定式？如Why dont you get her a photo album？Why not get her a photo album？为什么不给她买个相册呢？(4)had better(not)不带to的不定式。如：Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好别待在那儿。(5)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。”。如：She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。河北中考考点精练()1.(xx凉山中考)If all of us pull together，there must be something we can do .Aimprove the environmentBto improve the environmentCimproving the environmentDimproved the environment()2.(xx广州中考)Sarah，youd better drink more water after _ for such a long time.ArunBrunsCto run Drunning()3.(xx泰安中考)When you leave，please turn off the lights _energy.Asave Bto saveCsaving Dsaved()4.(xx保定8中模拟)Wow，Wendy，its cool to make a short video with your mobile phone.Just with a software called Meipai.Let me show you _.Awhich to use Bhow to use itCwhat to use Dwhere to use it()5.(xx呼和浩特中考)Mr.Smith told his son _ the football match because of the exam.Anot to watch Bto not watchCnot watching Ddoesnt watch()6.(xx内江中考)In this school，the students are asked _ mobile phone.Anot to use Bnot usingCnot use Dto not use()7.(xx资阳中考)We stopped _，but there was not any sound.Ato listen BlistensClisten Dlistening()8.(xx南充中考)Its necessary for us _ English well.Ato learn BlearningClearn Dlearns()9.(xx眉山中考)We should thank the man.He always does what he can _ us.Ahelps Bto helpChelp Dhelping()10.(xx武威中考)For our ing vacation，why _ going abroad and seeing the outside world?Anot consider Bto considerCdont think Dnot think()11.(xx安顺中考)Its too cold today.Would you mind _ the window?Certainly not.Go ahead.Ato close BclosingCclose Dclosed()12.(xx苏州中考)I was tired out，so I stopped the car _ a short rest.Ahave BhavingCto have Dhad()13.(xx扬州中考)What should we take when going birdwatching?We should take a pair of binoculars _ the birds clearly.Asee BseeingCto see Dsees()14.(xx雅安中考)It is important _ people _ good manners.Afor；to learn Bof；to learnCfor；learn Dof；learn()15.(xx广东中考)We advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.Anot leave Bnot to leaveCleave Dto leave()16.(xx承德2中模拟)I saw some boy students _ basketball when I passed the playground.Aplayed BplaysCplaying Dto play()17.(xx原创预测)Harry has decided _ an online shop after graduating from school.Aopen Bto openCopened Dopening()18.(xx原创预测)I wouldnt mind _ a roommate.We can help each other and save money as well.Ahaving Bto haveChave Dhad()19.(xx原创预测)He is busy _ at school，but he never forgets _ his mom a phone call every day.Aworking；givingBwork；giveCworking；to giveDwork；to give()20.(xx原创预测)Have you decided _ to the beach?Not yet.It depends on the weather.Awhom to go Bwhere to goCwhen to go Dwhy to go()21.(xx原创预测)Do you climb mountains every day?Yes，_a little exercise.Im so out of shape.Agetting BgetCgot Dto get