2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（4）(II).doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（4）(II)高考英语任务型阅读考前精讲精练（答案）阅读表达考纲解读及解题指导高考阅读表达把阅读和写作巧妙结合，是一种主客观题相结合的题型，旨在全方位、多角度考查学生的阅读、思维和语言表达能力。本题型具有以下特点：一、问题设置形式灵活多样，综合考查学生的多种基本能力。命题涉及标题归纳、意图判断、代词指代、补全内容、问题简答以及结论等，形成对文章全方位、多角度的考查，能全面、客观地反映学生“读、写、思、译”等方面的能力。二、答题客观性和开放性相结合，突出思维的开放性，给学生提供广阔的思维空间。要求考生根据短文内容和自己的理解作答，只要符合题目要求，表述准确，就是正确答案。考生可以充分展示自己的语言表达能力，发挥思维的多样性与开放性。三、选材要求文章结构严谨，层次分明，信息量大，包含结构复杂的难句，适合命题的多样性。所选文章一般是一篇具有中等难度的说明文、议论文或应用文。下面对阅读表达的命题规律做一探讨，希望对大家备战xx年高考有所帮助。一、主旨归纳。这种问题要求在把握好全文或某一段内容的基础上，对文章(或段落)的主旨大意进行归纳。常用的命题方式有：What is the text mainly about? (no more than x words)What is mainly discussed in the text? (no more than x words)What advice is given in the paragraph? (no more than x words)大家在进行主旨归纳时，应该首先看一看文章首尾段是否对全文进行了归纳，如果这样，我们通过归纳文章首尾段就能得到文章的主旨；如果上述两种情况都不存在，我们就需要对全文进行归纳总结。在归纳文章主旨时，一定要注意扣准能够体现文章主旨的关键词。二、标题归纳。这种题型非常类似于阅读理解中的标题选择题，即要求考生在整体把握全文的基础上，用最简洁凝练的语言归纳文章的标题。常用的命题方式有：What would be the best title for the text? (no more than x words)标题归纳和主旨归纳在本质上是一样的，因此一篇阅读表达不可能同时出现两种题型，其方法也跟主旨归纳相似，大家可以首先找一找句子的主题句，如果有主题句，可以对主题句稍作加工；如果没有主题句，就需归纳全文。注意，在归纳文章标题时，一要注意扣准能够体现文章主旨的关键词， 二要语言简洁凝练，富有吸引力和特色。三、意图判断。根据特定信息推断作者的写作意图。常用的命题方式有：For what purpose does the author mention . in Paragraph x?( no more than x words)这种题型非常接近阅读理解的命题。大家应该分清文章的体裁，如果是议论文，一定要找准作者的论点；如果是说明文，一定要找出作者说明的中心；如果是应用文，要看介绍哪一方面的情况，这样就能基本把握作者的意图。四、句子填空。结合上下文, 将短文中的空白处用合适的词句补充完整, 使短文通顺，所填内容一般是短语或短句，词数要求较少。常用的命题方式有：Fill in the blank in Paragraph x with proper words. (no more than x words)在做这样的题目时，我们特别需要“瞻前顾后”，通过前后文的提示来确定需要补全的内容。五、英文释义。用英语解释划线句子，这种首次出现的题型对考生来说有一定难度，也更能考查考生的语言表达能力。常用的命题方式有：Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph x.在做这样的题目时，我们首先应该抓住句子的主干意义，不要被一些附加成分所迷惑。六、回答问题。这类题目在命题方面可能会比较灵活，侧重试题的开放性。可以就作者观点态度方面提问，也可以根据文章具体内容提问，还可以是自己的读后感。常用的命题方式有：What kind of attitude does the author have towards the question? (no more than x words)Why does the author mention in the text? (no more than x words)What does sth. imply? (no more than x words)What can we learn from the text? (no more than x words)在回答问题时注意不要脱离原文内容，而应该像阅读理解一样，找到原文中的关键信息，在此基础上合理变通，并结合自己的观点给出答案。七、陈述个人观点。这类题目要求大家在理解原文的基础上，对原文所涉及的问题、现象进行思考，给出自己的观点。题目开放性很强。常用的命题方式有：What do you think of the question mentioned by the author? (no more than x words)Do you like what is talked about in the text? Why? (no more than x words)这类题目要求大家综合原文材料，发挥自己的想象，陈述自己对事物的观点或态度。因此大家在答题时一定要观点鲜明、立场正确，不能含糊不清、不伦不类。八、词义指代。从阅读理解中的猜测词义题演化而来，其做题的思路跟阅读理解相似，即联系上下文，找到代词所指代的内容。常用的命题方式有：What does the word (Line x, Paragraph x) probably refer to?这类题目要求考生返回原文，找出指代词，学会“左顾右盼”，找出与其最接近的名词、名词性词组或句子替换该指代词，看意思是否通顺，最后确定答案。真题示例(xx山东卷）第一节 阅读表达 (第76、77、80题每题3分，第78题4分，第79题2分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题，将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意76、77、79和80四个小题后面的词数要求)。 1 Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other panies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”2But money . He married five times and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Gettys children had very happy lives. 3 Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was a miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephones in the guests bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills. 4 In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. Gettys son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Gettys son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest. 5 Getty started a museum at his home in Malibu, California. He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art. 76. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words) _77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words) _78. Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3. _79. What did the kidnappers do to Gettys family? (no more than 10 words) _80. What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)_解析：本篇阅读表达属于人物说明文，介绍百万富翁Getty的传奇经历。76. 段落大意题。Getty was a self-made millionaire / Getty became rich through his own efforts。由本段后面部分可知本段主要大意为Getty通过自己的努力创造了大量财富。77. 填空题。did not buy happiness for Getty。从下文可知Getty的家庭生活并不幸福。78. 英语释义题。Although he was very rich, Getty hated to spend money。这是山东卷第一次出现的题型，核心是同词替换以及句式替换，要体现让步关系。79. 细节题。They took Gettys grandson and asked for money。根据题干中kidnappers定位第四段第一句took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return可知绑匪绑架了他的孙子并要钱。80. 推理判断题。Getty made a great contribution to the art world. / Getty had another side。虽然前面说此人很吝啬，但最后一段说他花重金建造艺术博物馆，体现的是他对艺术界的贡献。阅读理解 Women, be on your guard. There is a new male excuse for not listening to us.A recent study shows that men find it almost impossible to listen to what women say because their brains are out of synch（不同步的）with plex female tones. Apparently, when men listen to other men about the things they care about, they use only the frontal area of their brains. However, when they listen to women its different story. They have to work much harder, employing a part of the brain that normally deals with music. So when a man tells you your voice is music to his ears, hes actually telling the truth, though not in a good way. Im sure a lot of women could recall times when they have wasted hours explaining why they are pletely right about everything in the world, only to wake up the next day to discover that not one brilliant point got through. Those times when men havent listened to me, I just thought I was being ignored. I didnt realize I just wasnt singing their favorite music. If Id realized I was being heard as music, I would have had a bit of fun with it. Whenever I wanted a discussion, Id have brought along my own band, plete with string and horn sections. It is difficult not to be suspicious of yet more scientific findings sparing men the blame because of their biology. Isnt this slaves to biology all-purpose excuse wearing thin? Its enough to make you wonder at what a strange helpless species men are -which part of the body will be beyond their control next. Even if there is something in it, we have to take into account that most relationships are likely to bee boring. Thats the truth of the matter. Male or female, your voice might start out as music to your beloveds ears. But finally it will end up as boredom. When your beautiful tones are there all the time, as they go about their daily business, you start to blend in a bit too much, until finally you bee a kind of background noise. 1The author of this passage tries to _. A. throw doubts on a monly accepted idea B. explain a monly accepted idea as it is C. give some advice on a mon problem D. argue against a mon belief 答案解析：答案为B。本题考查文章的写作目的。本文第二段就揭示了为什么男性听不进去女性的话的原因，文章后面的内容对此进行了阐述。故答案为B。2According to the new study, men dont listen to women because _ . A. what women say are usually boring B. they dont care about what women say C. they cant deal with female voices D. they regard female voices as music 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第三段的内容可知，男性在听同性的话语的时候只是用了大脑的前面区域；然而听女性的话语的时候，却更费力，因为要使用通常用来听音乐的那部分的大脑区域。故可推断，男性不听女性的话是因为他们大脑不能非常容易地处理女性的声音。故答案为C。干扰性最强的D选项 “他们把女性的声音当成音乐” 与文意不符。故错误。3The underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph shows that the author is _. A. realistic B. humorous C. serious D. funny 答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意推断题。结合第五段的内容，作者以女性的口吻谈到如果她早意识到她是因为 “音乐”而被男人倾听，她会为此而感到些许开怀。无论何时，如果她想要一场“讨论”，就会带上自己的乐队，弦号俱全。故可以推断，划线部分的语言显得幽默。4What does the author think of the finding of the new study? A. She thinks it doubtful. B. She thinks it interesting. C. She thinks it needs further proof. D. She thinks it right. 答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推断题。由倒数第三段首句 “It is difficult not to be suspicious of ” 可知，本句话的同义词就是doubtful.故答案为A。5The author would most probably agree that _. A. men should accept what women say B. women should talk less and do more housework C. however beautiful voices may be, they will finally bee boring D. the relationship between men and women should always be improving 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。从最后一段 “When your beautiful tones are there all the time, as they go about their daily business, you start to blend in a bit too much, until finally you bee a kind of background noise.” 可知，当你美妙的旋律每天都出现在男人日常生活中的时候，最后也会变成背景噪音。故答案为C. A、B未提及；倒数第二段首句提到了 “ most relationships are likely to bee boring.” D选项与此不符，故错误。阅读理解- Listen carefully, working people, we would like to tell you something that could save your precious time and money! Best of all, it is free!Its “no”.What do you ask? Well say it again: “No”.Sweet and simple “no”.Say “no” at your office and see how quickly that pile of work on your desk disappears.“Saying no to others means you are saying yes to yourself, ” said Leslie Charles, a professional speaker from East Lansing, Michigan.“Time is precious. People are spending money buying time. And yet we are willing to give up our time because we cant say no.” Susie Watson, a famous writer, said people who always say “yes” need to say “no” without guilt(内疚)or fear of punishment. “I would rather have someone give me a loving no than an obligated(强制的) yes, ” she said. Susie Watson says she feels “no” obligation to give an explanation when she says “no” either socially or professionally. Does she feel guilty about it? “Not at all, ” said Watson, who is director of advertising and public relations at Timex Corp in Middlebury, Conneticut. “Most people are afraid of saying no My advice is to say yes only if you dont mean no.” Watson said “no” is the most effective weapon against wasting time. “Every year there are more demands on your time Other people are happy to use up your time, ” Watson said. Time saving appears to be “nos” greatest friend.“No” can be your new friend, a powerful tool to take back your life. “No” may even take you further in the business world than “yes”.“No” is power and strength. “No” now seems pletely correct. “Saying no isnt easy. But finally its greatly liberating,” Charles said. But, he added, a “no” project needs to be worked on every day because it is hard to change long-term habit.But, he also warns: “Dont go to extremes. Dont find yourself saying no to everything. In return you should learn to hear no.”1. The sentence “Saying yes to yourself” means _.A. you can have more time to play with othersB. you neednt care about others feeling if you are happyC. you are selfish and treat others rudelyD. you can deal with your business as you have planned 答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节推理题。由第五、六段可知，对别人说 “不”就是对自己说 “是”，当在办公室说 “不”的时候，你可以看到你桌上的文件很快就完成了。故答案为D。2. When you say “no” to others you should say it in a _.A. secret wayB. polite wayC. proud way D. guilty way 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由第八段 “I would rather have someone give me a loving no ”的 “loving” 可以推断，答案为B。3. In Watsons opinion, people can save much time on condition that _.A. they say “no” at a suitable timeB. they say “no” as much as possibleC. they are afraid of saying “no” D. they make others angry at them 答案解析：答案为A. 本题为推理题。结合倒数第五段的内容和该段的最后一句话 “My advice is to say yes only if you dont mean no.” 可知，Watson的总结性意见是如果你不打算对别人说 “不”，那就说 “是”。故可以推断，说 “不”要在合适的时间。故答案为A。4. If a person says “no” to everything, the result he or she receive may be that he or she _.A. enjoys a wonderful lifeB. makes a lot of moneyC. faces difficulty in lifeD. forgets to say “yes” in the end答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由最后一段 Charles 所讲的 “Dont go to extremes. Dont find yourself saying no to everything”可知，他认为不能凡事都说 “不”，不能走极端。故可以推断，如果凡事说 “不”，生活就会遇到麻烦。