2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（2）(VI).doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（2）(VI)社会文化（阅读理解）由 (xx新课标全国,D)改编Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle,twinkle,little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once we have learned something,additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle,twinkle,little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessary for ones future development.1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?()A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D.Stories for children are easy to remember.2.The author explains the law of overlearning by .A.presenting research findingsB.setting down general rulesC.making a parisonD.using examples3.According to the author,being able to use multiplication tables is .A.a result of overlearningB.a special case of crammingC.a skill to deal with math problemsD.a basic step towards advanced studies4.What is the authors opinion on cramming?()A.It leads to failure in college exams.B.Its helpful only in a limited way.C.Its possible to result in poor memory.D.It increases students learning interest.语篇解读:本文为说明文。为什么我们儿时学到的东西在间隔了多年后仍然记忆犹新?这也许是由“过度学习法则”所决定的。答案及剖析:1.A主旨大意题。本段的第一句话为主题句,可以概括本段主题,即人们通常会记得儿时学到的一些东西,下文主要对此进行举例说明。2.D推理判断题。文章第三段列举了很多例子来解释说明the law of overlearning,如游泳、骑自行车、打棒球等。3.A事实细节题。根据倒数第二段“.because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”可知,能运用乘法口诀也是因为在儿时的“过度学习”。4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,突击学习对于考试虽然有帮助,但却不利于大学的学习。由此可知,突击学习的帮助是有限的。【长难句子分析】A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.当多年没有机会游泳的人重新回到水里时,依然能和过去一样游得非常好。who引导定语从句,修饰先行词man;when引导时间状语从句。as well as在句中意为“和一样好”。【疑难词汇解读】exception n.除外;例外;不包括在内的人或物Most of the buildings in this town are rather unattractive,but this church is an exception.这座城镇中大多数建筑物都不太好看,但这座教堂是个例外。【长难句子分析】过度学习的法则解释了为什么突击学习对考试而言能达到通过的分数但却不是一个学习大学课程的令人满意的方法。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。The number of speakers of English in Shakespeares time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms. In fact, it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an enough working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation. The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its presentday importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport munications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider munication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal munication in such matters as government, merce, industry, law and education as well as for international munication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West. 1. What would be the best title for this passage?A. The Difficulties of Learning EnglishBInternational municationsCThe Standard Varieties of English DEnglish as a World Language 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?ASome 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English. BThere are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.CIt is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English. DPeople learn English for a variety of reasons. 3. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?AIt was popular during Shakespeares time. BIt is used in former British colonies. CIt serves the needs of its native speakers. DIt is a world language that is used for international munication. 4. What forms an adequate working knowledge of English? AThe ability to read a newspaper. BIt is difficult to judge because it differs for each situation. CBeing a multilingual. DBeing a native speaker. 解题导语本文介绍了英语的发展变化情况，说明了英语最后成为世界语言的原因及英语在当代社会中的重要性。1. 解析：选D。主旨大意题。全文讲述的是英语在全世界的广泛应用。第三段第一句又特别提出英语作为一种世界语言的原因，故选D项。A项文中并未涉及；B项和C项只是文中细节，不能概括全文。2. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段中第二句及第二段的第一句的描述可推知B、C两项正确，A项错误。由第二、三段可知D项正确。3. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语广泛应用于气象和机场的交流，国际会议和信息传播等，可推知此题的答案为D。4. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，环境不同，所要求的英语水平等级也有所不同，因此很难判断一个人的英语程度。故此题答案为B。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。English around the worldToday，nearly 350 million people across every continent use the English vocabulary as a mother tongue.Three quarters of the worlds mails and letters are in English.So are more than half the worlds technical and scientific periodicals(期刊)it is the language of technology from Silicon Valley(硅谷) to Shanghai.English is the medium for 80 percent of the information stored in the worlds puters.Nearly half of all business deals in Europe are conducted in English.It is also the language of sports and glamour(魅力)the official language of the Olympics and the Miss Universe petition.Five of the largest broadcasting panies in the world(CBS，NBC，ABC，BBC，CBC)transmit in English to audiences that regularly exceed one hundred million.Though English is a language as old as Greek or Chinese，its truly significant development has occurred only in the last one hundred years or so.Taking the most conservative estimates，there are three or four hundred million people using English，but not as a native language.English has bee a second language in countries like India，Nigeria or Singapore where it is used for administration，broadcasting and education.In these countries，English is a vital alternative language，often unifying huge districts and diverse populations.When Rajiv Gandhi appealed for an end to the violence that broke out after the murder of his mother，he went on television and spoke to his people in English.Then English is used as a foreign language in some countries，like Holland or Yugoslavia，where it is backed up by a tradition of English teaching.It is used to have contact with people in other countries ，usually to promote trade and scientific progress.A Dutch poet is read by a few thousands.However，translated into English，he can be read by hundreds of thousands.As either a first，second or foreign language，English has been a global phenomenon.1According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?ANearly half of the worlds mails and letters are written in English.B70 percent of the information in the worlds puters is stored in English.CEnglish is not as old as Chinese.DIn the last one hundred years，English developed greatly.答案：D细节判断题。从文章第一段第二句可排除A项，第四句话排除B项，第二段第一句话排除C项。2In the countries like India，Nigeria or Singapore English is used for the following purposes except_.Aadministration BbroadcastingCeducation Dbusiness答案：D细节判断题。从文章第二段第三句可看出A，B，C项都提到了，只有D项没有提到。所以选择D项。3Which of the following words can be used to explain the underlined one in paragraph one?Abroadcast BsendCtake Dtranslate答案：A词义猜测题。从本句可看出这句话的主语是广播公司，所以它的谓语应该是向听众广播。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Language is a major problem for the European Union (EU). The agreement or treaty which created the organization that eventually became the EU，the Treaty of Rome，stated that each country s language must be treated equally.The original six countries had only three languages between them：French, German and Dutch/Flemish.However，there are now 15 countries in the EU，with a total of 12 languages.EU documents must be translated into all these languages，and at official meetings the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters.All this translating is very expensive and time consuming(费时的)It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are engaged in translating documents and speeches，and nearly half of the EUs administrative(管理方面的)costs are spent on this task.In the near future it is probably that several more countries，most of them having their own languages，will join the EU，thus making the situation even worse.The problem is not just cost：there are practical difficulties as well.With 12 languages，there are 132 possible “translation situations” that might be needed.It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from (for example) Danish into Greek，or Dutch into Portuguese，at a high professional standard.In practice the problem has been made less severe by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials，since almost all of them speak some English.However，any move to reduce the number of official languages(perhaps to four or five)would be a blow to the price of the smaller countries.Another monly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business.However，this is strongly resisted by powerful member countries like France and Germany.1Whats the main purpose of this passage?A. To give a solution to a problem.BTo find out a problem and show how severe it is.CTo criticize the European Union for ill efficiency.DTo show that the problem cannot be solved.答案：B推理判断题。本文的主题是说明欧盟内部语言问题的严重性，故选D。2According to the writer，the use of English in contacts among EU officials has_.A. angered the officials who dont speak EnglishBreduced the number of official languagesClessened the effect of the problemDbeen opposed by powerful member countries答案：C推理判斯题。根据文章第四段第一句可知本题选C。3The writer mentions “Danish into Greek”as an example of_.A. a situation that might be difficult to deal withBa situation that occurs oftenCone of the 12 situations that require an interpreterDlanguages easily being interpreted答案：A细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一句可知本题A项正确。4The writer suggests that if the number of official languages was reduced_.A. the EU would not know which official languages to chooseBcountries whose languages were not used officially would be unhappyConly languages which are easy to translate would be used officiallyDthe smaller member countries would be pleased答案：B推理判断题由文章最后一段第二句可知本题选B。