2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（1）(I).doc

2019-2020 年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（1）(I) 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 STRESS CAUSED BY SOCIAL SITUATIONS, SUCH AS GIVING A SPEECH OR GOING TO A JOB INTERVIEW, CAN AFFECT SOME PEOPLES IMMUNE SYSTEM IN WAYS THAT HARM THEIR HEALTH, RESEARCHERS HAVE FOUND. THE STUDY INCLUDED 124 VOLUNTEERS WHO WERE PURPOSELY PUT INTO EMBARRASSED SOCIAL SITUATIONS. THOSE WHO SHOWED GREATER NEURAL (神经) SENSITIVITY TO SOCIAL REJECTION ALSO HAD GREATER INCREASES IN INFLAMMATORY (炎症) ACTIVITY WHEN EXPOSED TO SOCIAL STRESS. “IT TURNS OUT THERE ARE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES IN HOW PEOPLE EXPLAIN AND RESPOND TO SOCIAL SITUATIONS,” LEAD AUTHOR GEORGE SLAVICH, AT THE COUSINS CENTER FOR PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, SAID IN A UCLA NEWS RELEASE. “FOR EXAMPLE,” HE EXPLAINED, “WE SOMETIMES SEE GIVING A SPEECH IN FRONT OF AN AUDIENCE AS A WELED CHALLENGE; OTHER TIMES, ITS THREATENING AND SAD. IN THIS STUDY, WE SOUGHT TO EXAMINE THE NEURAL BASES FOR THESE DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE AND TO UNDERSTAND HOW THESE DIFFERENCES RELATE TO BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT CAN AFFECT HUMAN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING.” THE FINDINGS PROVIDE “FURTHER EVIDENCE OF HOW CLOSELY OUR MIND AND BODY ARE CONNECTED. WE HAVE KNOWN FOR A LONG TIME THAT SOCIAL STRESS CAN GET UNDER THE SKIN TO INCREASE RISK FOR DISEASE, BUT ITS BEEN UNCLEAR EXACTLY HOW THESE EFFECTS OCCUR. AS WE KNOW, THIS STUDY IS THE FIRST TO IDENTIFY THE NEUROCOGNITIVE (神经认知) PATHWAYS THAT MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO SHARP SOCIAL STRESS,” SLAVICH SAID. INCREASES IN INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY ARE PART OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEMS NATURAL RESPONSE TO POTENTIALLY HARMFUL SITUATIONS, BUT “FREQUENT OR CHRONIC (慢性的) ACTIVATION OF THE SYSTEM MAY INCREASE THE RISK FOR A VARIETY OF ILLNESSES,” SLAVICH ADDED. THE STUDY WAS RELEASED ONLINE AUG. 2 IN ADVANCE OF PUBLICATION IN AN UPING PRINT ISSUE OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 1. WHERE DO YOU FIRST FIND THE STUDY? A. A MAGAZINE. B. A WEBSITE. C. A LITERATURE. D. AN ADVERTISEMENT. 2. JUDGING FROM VOLUNTEERS, MIGHT BE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE INFLAMMATION. A. THOSE WHO WERE MORE SENSITIVE TO SOCIAL REJECTION B. THOSE WHO WERE PURPOSELY PUT INTO SOCIETY C. THOSE WHO GAVE A SPEECH BEFORE AUDIENCE D. THOSE WHO SUFFERED FREQUENT OR CHRONIC ILLNESS 3. THE AUTHOR QUOTES EXAMPLES OF THE FOURTH PARAGRAPH MAINLY TO . A. SHOW FURTHER EVIDENCE OF HOW CLOSELY OUR MIND AND BODY ARE CONNECTED B. PROVE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES IN HOW PEOPLE EXPLAIN AND RESPOND TO SOCIAL SITUATIONS C. EXPLAIN VOLUNTEERS ARE SENSITIVE TO SOCIAL REJECTION WHEN EXPOSED TO SOCIAL STRESS D. MAKE CLEAR THAT HOW STRESS CAUSED BY SOCIAL SITUATIONS BREAKS DOWN IMMUNE SYSTEM 4. WE CAN INFER THAT IF THERE IS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN PEOPLES IMMUNE SYSTEM. A. CHRONIC ILLNESS WILL BE CAUSED BY THE REPEATED STRESS B. DOCTORS CAN IDENTIFY THE NEUROCOGNITIVE PATHWAYS C. PEOPLE MAY AVOID BEING AFFECTED BY SHARP SOCIAL STRESS D. RISK OF GETTING VARIOUS DISEASES WILL BE REDUCED 【参考答案】14、BABA 【广东省 XX 届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】C EVERYONE KNOWS THAT TAXATION IS NECESSARY IN A MODERN STATE：WITHOUT IT，IT WOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE TO PAY THE SOLDIERS AND POLICEMEN WHO PROTECT US；NOR THE WORKERS IN GOVERNMENT OFFICES WHO LOOK AFTER OUR HEALTH，OUR FOOD，OUR WATER，AND ALL THE OTHER THINGS THAT WE CANNOT DO FOR OURSELVES；NOR THE MINISTERS AND MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT(国会) WHO GOVERN THE COUNTRY FOR US.BY MEANS OF TAXATION，WE PAY FOR THINGS THAT WE NEED JUST AS MUCH AS WE NEED SOMEWHERE TO LIVE AND SOMETHING TO EAT. BUT EVERYONE KNOWS THAT TAXATION IS NECESSARY，DIFFERENT PEOPLE HAVE DIFFERENT IDEAS ABOUT HOW TAXATION SHOULD BE ARRANGED.SHOULD EACH PERSON HAVE TO PAY A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF MONEY TO THE GOVERNMENT EACH YEAR？OR SHOULD THERE BE TAX ON THINGS THAT PEOPLE BUY AND SELL？IF THE FIRST KIND OF TAXATION IS USED，SHOULD EVERYONE PAY THE SAME TAX，WHETHER HE IS RICH OR POOR？IF THE SECOND KIND OF TAX IS PREFERRED，SHOULD EVERYTHING BE TAXED EQUALLY? IN MOST COUNTRIES，A DIRECT TAX ON PERSONS，WHICH IS CALLED INE TAX，EXISTS.IT IS ARRANGED IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE POOREST PEOPLE PAY NOTHING，AND THE PERCENTAGE OF TAX GROWS GREATER AS THE TAXPAYERS INE GROWS.IN ENGLAND，FOR EXAMPLE，THE TAX ON THE RICHEST PEOPLE GOES UP AS HIGH AS NINETYFIVE PERCENT! BUT COUNTRIES WITH DIRECT TAXATION NEARLY ALWAYS HAVE INDIRECT TAXATION TOO.MANY THINGS IMPORTED INTO THE COUNTRY HAVE TO PAY TAXES OR “DUTIES”OF COURSE，IT IS THE MEN AND WOMEN WHO BUY THESE IMPORTED THINGS IN THE SHOPS WHO REALLY HAVE TO PAY THE DUTIES，IN THE FORM OF HIGHER PRICES.IN SOME COUNTRIES，TOO，THERE IS A TAX ON THINGS SOLD IN THE SHOPS.IF THE MOST NECESSARY THINGS ARE TAXED，A LOT OF MONEY IS COLLECTED，BUT THE POOR PEOPLE SUFFER MOST.IF UNNECESSARY THINGS LIKE JEWELS AND FUR COATS ARE TAXED，LESS MONEY IS GOT BUT THE TAX IS FAIRER，AS THE RICH PAY IT. PROBABLY THIS LAST KIND OF INDIRECT TAX，TOGETHER WITH A DIRECT TAX ON INES WHICH IS LOW FOR THE POOR AND HIGH FOR THE RICH，IS THE BEST ARRANGEMENT. 36THE FIRST PARAGRAPH TELLS US ABOUT THE_. ATAX POLICIES BTAXABLE ITEMS CARRANGEMENT OF TAXATION DIMPORTANCE OF TAXATION 37WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT INE TAX IS NOT TRUE IN MOST COUNTRIES? ATHE POOREST PAY NO TAX. BTHE POOR PAY THE SAME TAXES AS THE RICH. CTHE RICH PAY MORE TAXES THAN THE POOR. DTHE RICH PAY A VERY HIGH PERCENTAGE OF TAX. 38PEOPLE WHO BUY IMPORTED ITEMS IN THE SHOPS HAVE TO PAY DUTIES_. ATO THE GOVERNMENT OFFICE BAT A LOWER PRICE CAS AN INE TAX DIN THE FORM OF HIGHER PRICES 39ACCORDING TO THE WRITER，IF VALUABLE THINGS ARE TAXED，_. AMUCH MONEY IS COLLECTED BTHE POOR SUFFER A LOT CTHE RICH WILL BE HAPPY DTHE TAX IS MORE REASONABLE 40IN THE PASSAGE，THE WRITER SUGGESTS_. ATWO KINDS OF INE TAXES BTHE IMPORTANCE OF INDIRECT TAXES CTHE FAIRER INE TAXES DMORE THAN ONE KIND OF INDIRECT TAXES 36D 第一段第一句就是主题句。 37B 从第三段可以作出判断。 38D 第四段第三句已经点明了此题答案。 39D 从第四段最后一句可知答案。 40D 从文章最后两段内容可以看出最佳选项。 【广东省 XX 届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】D THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER IN SHANGHAI WILL MEET EUROPEAN UNION STANDARD BY XX AND，A DECADE LATER，CITIZENS IN SHANGHAI WILL DRINK THE BEST WATER IN THE WORLD. THESE WERE THE GOALS SET BY THE SHANGHAI WATER AUTHORITY.WITH THE CITYS POPULATION EXPECTED TO INCREASE ONLY SLIGHTLY AND THE ECONOMY TO BOOM BY 2020，CHEN YIN，AN OFFICIAL WITH THE WATER AUTHORITY，SAID SHANGHAIS WATER CONSUMPTION WILL NOT INCREASE FROM ITS PRESENT AMOUNT. ZHANG YUE，DIRECTOR OF THE URBAN CONSTRUCTION DIVISION UNDER THE MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION，SAID， “SHANGHAI IS THE FIRST CITY IN THE COUNTRY TO PUBLICIZE THESE AMBITIONS.THEY WILL NOT BE EASY TO ACHIEVE.” HE SAID WATER SAVING WILL HELP KEEP THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINAS ECONOMY. SAVING ONE CUBIC METER OF WATER MEANS SAVING THE CITYS INFRASTRUCTURE(基础设施) COSTS BY 10,000 YUAN.LAST YEAR，SHANGHAI SAVED 300 MILLION CUBIC METERS OF WATER EITHER FROM READJUSTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE OR THE EMPLOYMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY. “THE_AIM IS TO AROUSE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THE SERIOUSNESS OF WATER SHORTAGE， ” CHEN SAID， “THE ABUNDANT SURFACE WATER AND AMOUNT OF RAIN OF THE CITY ARE SO MISLEADING THAT THEY RESULT IN IMPROPER USE OF WATER.” SHANGHAI LACKS DRINKABLE WATER.THE HUANGPU RIVER，WHICH SUPPLIES 80 PERCENT OF THE CITYS DRINKABLE WATER，IS NEARING EXHAUSTION. THE CITY，THEREFORE，HAS BEEN EXPLORING NEW SOURCES FROM THE YANGTZE RIVER AND GROWING FORESTS ALONG IT TO CONSERVE QUALITY WATER. BESIDES PENNING REGULATIONS，THE AUTHORITY IS POPULARIZING TECHNOLOGY AMONG THE PUBLIC TO EFFICIENTLY CUT THE AMOUNT OF WATER USED. AT PRESENT，THE CITY HAS 600,000 FAMILY TOILETS，EACH USING 13 LITERS OF WATER PER FLUSH.THESE ARE TO BE RENOVATED(整修) TO USE ONLY 9 LITERS OF WATER PER FLUSH. THE AUTHORITY IS RENOVATING THE FIRST 200 TOILETS FOR HOUSEHOLDSAT A COST OF 40 YUAN EACH. IN THREE YEARS，ALL THE TOILETS WILL BE RENOVATED，WHICH SAVES THE CITY NEARLY 15 MILLION YUAN EVERY YEAR IN WATER CONSERVATION. ANOTHER TASK THE CITY IS ENGAGED IN IS THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE(污水) TO IMPROVE THE WATER ENVIRONMENT. AT PRESENT THE CITY CAN ONLY TREAT 44 PERCENT OF ITS DAILY 5.04 MILLION TONS OF WASTE WATER.TO MEET THE TOTAL DEMAND,27 MORE SEWAGETREATMENT FACTORIES ARE TO BE ESTABLISHED WITH AN ESTIMATED INVESTMENT OF 18 BILLION YUAN. 41THE PEOPLE IN SHANGHAI GET THEIR DAILY WATER MAINLY FROM _ NOW. AUNDERGROUND BTHE YELLOW RIVER CTHE YANGTZE RIVER DTHE HUANGPU RIVER 42THE UNDERLINED WORDS “THE AIM” HERE REFER TO _. ATHE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER IN SHANGHAI WILL MEET EUROPEAN UNION STANDARD BY XX BCITIZENS IN SHANGHAI WILL DRINK THE BEST WATER IN THE WORLD BY 2025 CWATER SAVING WILL HELP KEEP THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINAS ECONOMY DSAVING ONE CUBIC METER OF WATER MEANS SAVING THE CITYS INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS BY 10,000 YUAN 43THE AUTHORITY IS RENOVATING THE FIRST 200 TOILETS FOR HOUSEHOLDS TO _. AMAKE PEOPLES LIVING MORE CONVENIENT BSAVE DRINKABLE FRESH WATER CEASE EMPLOYMENT PRESSURE DMEET THE TOTAL DEMAND OF WATER 44THE WRITER WROTE THE PASSAGE TO _. ACALL ON RESIDENTS TO SAVE WATER IN THEIR DAILY LIFE BSEEK WAYS TO SOLVE WATER SHORTAGE EXISTING IN SHANGHAI CINTRODUCE SHANGHAIS ADVANCED EXPERIENCE IN IMPROVING THE WATER ENVIRONMENT DSHOW THAT CITIZENS IN SHANGHAI WILL HAVE THE BEST DRINKING WATER IN THE WORLD 45IN THE OPINION OF ZHANG YUE，THE REAL MEANING OF THE ACTION TO PUBLICIZE THESE AMBITIONS IS TO MAKE PEOPLE KNOW _. AIT IS NOT EASY TO ACHIEVE BWATER SHORTAGE IS VERY SERIOUS IN CHINA CTHE IMPORTANCE OF IMPROVING INFRASTRUCTURE DECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CANT BE SEPARATED WITH WATER SUPPLY 41D 文章第七段告诉我们：上海 80%的城市饮用水来自黄浦江。 42D AIM 此处指“目标” ，即上文提到的每节约一立方水相当于节约城市基础设施费用 1 万元。 43B 厕所改造也是为了节约饮用水。 44D 作者在文章第一段首先点明了主题，即上海人将在 XX 年饮用上最干净的水。 45B 从文中第三段可知。 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 PEOPLE CAN WRITE MANY THINGS ABOUT THIS LIFE. IN THIS CASE, PRECIOUS MOMENTS BEE THE POSITIONS OF HISTORY. WHAT ABOUT YOU? PEOPLE SHOULD LEARN FROM EACH OTHER, THUS THEY NEED TO READ THE LATEST NEWS. IT IS REALLY INTERESTING TO SPEND YOUR SPARE TIME AND START YOUR DAY IN THE MORNING. HOW CAN YOU GET THE INFORMATION? YOU WILL NEVER RUN OUT OF CHOICES, SINCE THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT RESOURCES TO READ OUT THERE. YOU CAN SAY HELLO TO THE WORLD BY CLICKING THE MOUSE ON YOUR PUTER AND YOU CAN ALSO READ THE DAILY NEWSPAPER IN YOUR PATIO (庭院). HOWEVER, INTERNET OFFERS FAST AND EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE READERS. READING THE NEWS ON THE INTERNET IS JUST A SIMPLE TASK TO DO. IF YOU ARE A MOBILE PERSON, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR YOU TO BRING THE PUTER AND MOUSE. SO, SEVERAL DIGITAL DEVICES ARE ACCESSIBLE TO MEET YOUR NEEDS OF LATEST INFORMATION. YOU HAVE IPAD, SMART PHONE AND SOME OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS. THEY ARE YOUR BEST FRIENDS TO GAIN THE INFORMATION ABOUT EVERY SINGLE THING WHICH HAS HAPPENED IN CERTAIN PART OF THE WORLD. NOW, ITS TIME TO FIND THE MOST RELIABLE SOURCE. YOU CAN EASILY FIND THE AMOUNT OF WEBSITES ON THE INTERNET. THEY OFFER NEWS AND INFORMATION ABOUT MANY DIFFERENT THINGS, BUT ONLY FEW OF THEM WILL ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS. THE RELIABLE AND ACCURATE SOURCES WILL LET YOU READ AND THINK FURTHER ABOUT CERTAIN NEWS AND INFORMATION. DEFINITELY, YOU SHOULD FIND THE SITE WITH VARIOUS POPULAR CATEGORIES OF NEWS. THERE SHOULD BE SOME CATEGORIES SUCH AS BUSINESS, SPORTS AND TECHNOLOGY. WHERE SHOULD YOU GO NOW? YOU WILL FIND THE ANSWER AT NEWS DAILY SPOT AND GET THE PLETE INFORMATION ABOUT OTHER ISSUES. FOR YOU WHO LOVE TO KNOW MORE ABOUT CELEBRITY AND BIOGRAPHY, FEEL FREE TO READ THE BIOGRAPHY (传记) OF SEVERAL CELEBRITIES, SUCH AS KOURTNEY KARDASHIAN. READ THE NEWS AND SEE THE FACE OF THE WORLD TODAY. 1. WHAT IS THE MAIN IDEA OF THE PASSAGE? A. MANY WAYS EXIST FOR US TO KNOW ABOUT THE WORLD. B. NEWSPAPER PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN OUR DAILY LIFE. C. THE INTERNET SHORTENS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PEOPLE. D. THE INTERNET HELPS PEOPLE GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE WORLD. 2. YOU ARE ALWAYS ON BUSINESS, SO . A. IT IS CONVENIENT FOR YOU TO CARRY A DESKTOP PUTER B. YOUD BETTER CARRY SEVERAL DIGITAL DEVICES C. AN IPAD WILL BENEFIT YOU A LOT D. YOU ONLY READ NEWSPAPERS EVERY DAY 3. WHY DOES THE AUTHOR SAY “ITS TIME TO FIND THE MOST RELIABLE SOURCE”? A. YOU MUST FIND THE RELIABLE AND ACCURATE INFORMATION. B. YOU CAN GET ALL ANSWERS TO ANY QUESTIONS. C. VARIOUS WEBSITES WILL OFFER THE SAME THINGS. D. YOU SHOULD USE YOUR HEAD TO THINK OVER AFTER READING. 4. THE PURPOSE OF THE AUTHOR IS . A. TO GET US TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THE USAGE OF INTERNET B. TO ADVERTISE FOR NEWS DAILY SPOT C. TO DRAW ATTENTION TO NEWS DAILY SPOT D. TO INTRODUCE MORE FAMOUS PEOPLE 5. WHY DOES THE AUTHOR MENTION KOURTNEY KARDASHIAN? A. TO STRESS HE IS THE MOST FAMOUS IN THE WORLD. B. TO INTRODUCE THE ALL-SIDEDNESS OF THE WEBSITE. C. TO GIVE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS ABOVE. D. TO SHOW OFF THE CELEBRITIES OF THE WORLD. 【参考答案】15、DCDCB