2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解（十一月）练习（2）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解（十一月）练习（2）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。(The Most Important of All Human Qualities is a Sense of Humor)Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most plex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor Certain ic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplins early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we e from. As that great mentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way. A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from edy, so we never get a lop sided view of things. This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely ic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gullivers Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they cant agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish. The sense of humor must be singled out as mans most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.1.The most important of all human qualities is A a sense of humor.A sense of satire.C A sense of laughter.D A sense of history.2.The author mentions about Charlie Chaplins early films becauseA they can amuse people.Human beings are different from animals.C They show that certain ic stereotypes have a universal appeal.D They show that people have the same ability to laugh.3.One of the chief functions of irony and satire isA to show absurdity of actions.to redress balance.C to take the wind out of politicians.D to show too much grimness in the world.4.What do we learn from the sentence it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes?A It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.It can arouse people to riot.C It shows tragedy and edy are related.D It can make people laugh.5.Who is Swift?A A novelist.A poet.C A dramatist.D A essayist.Vocabulary1.devoid 没有，缺乏2.plague n.瘟疫，惹人烦恼的人和事v.给造成麻烦，痛苦，困难3.faction 派别4ic stereotype 可笑/滑稽的模式5mentator （集注）作者，评论员，解说员6.tinkle n.一连串的丁零声，电话声，v.使发出丁零声7.fanatic 狂热者（尤指宗教、政治的狂热）8.lop-sided 不均匀的9.hover 翱翔，盘旋；彷徨10.somber 低沉的，暗淡的，严峻的11.redress 纠正，补偿12.pompous 自大的，浮夸的13.arrogant 傲慢的14.proportion 均衡，匀称，平衡，比例15.Lilliputian 微型的，极小的，源自格列佛游记中的小人国里的人16.totalitarian 极权主义的17.regime 政体，政权，统治方式或制度难句译注1 In a divided world, laughter is a unifying force.【参考译文】在分裂的世界中，笑是一种促成一致（团结）的力量。2 Human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps,【参考译文】人际关系可能因思想意识派别和政治阵营的不同而受侵扰。3 Certain ic stereotypes have a universal appeal.【参考译文】某些滑稽的模式具有全球性的效果。4 Charlie Chaplin查理卓别林1889-1977，英国讽刺滑稽剧及电影演员，导演及制片人。5 At odds with society和社会格格不入。6 Dr. Samuel Johnson撒缪尔约翰生，1709-1784，英国辞典编撰者及作家。7 A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tinkle to an earth quaking roar.【参考译文】幽默感表现的方式多种多样，笑也许是银铃般优雅轻笑，也许是震耳欲聋的放声大笑。8 If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously.【参考译文】如果我们能见到可笑的一面，我们就不会犯这种错误：对自己看得过重（自以为了不起）。9 We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from edy, so we never get a lop-sided view of things.【参考译文】我们会经常提醒自己祸兮福所伏（悲剧离喜剧实际并不遥远），那我们决不会偏执一词地看事物。10 Take the wind out of sbs sails使某人气馁或泄气。11 Swift Jonathan swift乔纳森思维福特1667-1745，英国作家，生于都柏林，曾获牛津大学硕士，三一学院神学博士学位，1688年到英国，后加入英国国教会。他同情英国统治下的爱尔兰人民，积极参加他们为争取自由和民族独立的斗争。他以政治讽刺文著世，其文笔犀利、讽刺尖锐、文章推理严密，用词简洁、语言朴实清晰，被认为是英语的典范，格列佛游记是他的代表作之一。12 We laugh because we are meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too.【结构简析】mean to do是打算或注定要，一般用于被动。【参考译文】我们笑是因为想笑，可是我们也想哭。是指小人国和邻国仅仅为打鸡蛋一类小事而打仗可笑，确实也是可悲。作者结合现实指出是人类悲剧之所在。写作方法与文章大意 文章以部部深入，一般到具体的写作手法论及笑是人类特有的功能。 形式多种、效果一样。天下人有各种观点、制度、人际关系，对滑稽的东西都会报之以笑一种一致的力量。 笑基于幽默感，有了它，人们会乐观、愉快、轻松，不偏不倚地对待一切，悲剧中寓以喜剧，幽默感又是人类开启幸福之门的钥匙。 论及的同时作者佐以例子，卓别林的早期电影，格列佛游记中的小人国战争等。答案详解1. A 幽默感。文章一开始就提出人类有别于动物是人有笑的功能，世界纷争繁杂、人际关系因意识观点差异而对峙，国家制度不一，但人们都能笑。笑基于人类最复杂而又微妙的品质幽默感。反过来说没有幽默感的人恐怕难以笑。第二段正式指出：幽默感表现形式多种多样，而笑可由微笑到狂笑种种，但其效果相同，幽默感有助于我们保持正确的价值观。这是政治狂热者所缺乏的特征。如果我们能看见滑稽可笑的一面，我们就不会犯过于看重自己的错误。我们总会记得悲剧离喜剧不愿，因此，我们不会有偏重某一测的观点。第四段画龙点睛的指出幽默是人类最重要的特征，因为它和笑声结合在一起。而笑又是和幸福联系在一起。勇气、决心、创造力特征，我们和其他生命形式共享，而幽默感是人类所独有的。如果幸福是我们生活的伟大目标，那幽默感就是开启幸福的钥匙。B.讽刺感。这是第三段讲的内容，讽刺的功能，但不是人类最重要的特征。C.笑感。D.历史观点。2. C 作者提卓别林的电影的目的是证明某些喜剧模式对全世界都有吸引力。A.它可以取悦任何人。B.人类和动物不同。D.证明人有同样笑的功能。3. B使各种事情重新相等和均衡。第三段着重讲了这一点。人类在痛苦中挣扎，常处于战争的边缘。政治实现令人绝望，在这种处境中，对某些政治事物的讽刺挖苦和漫画可以使各种心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客地下高傲头颅；可使我看见许多深邃的事情荒谬可笑。A.表现行为的荒唐。C.使政治家气馁。D.表现世界上太多的令人沮丧之事。4. A它可以以讽刺的手法解释政治时间的真相。B.这可促使人民暴动。C.它表示了悲剧和喜剧相联系。D.它能使人哭。5. A小说家。B.诗人。C.戏剧家。D.散文家。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(xx乌鲁木齐三诊，B)Nowadays, it seems that everybody wants to be a leader. Countless books about how to manage a pany or influence others fill bookstores. But one neednt be a CEO or Politician to be a leader. Former U. S. President John Adams said, “If your action inspires others to dream more, learn more, do more and bee more, you are a leader.”The key to being such a leader lies in character. People follow only those whom they respect, trust and admire. What attractive traits does such a leader have? Below are five of the most important.Leaders have courageThe New York firefighters who ran into the burning World Trade Tower to rescue others are modernday models of courage. Yet even more than physical courage, the everyday demands of modern life require moral courage. Insisting on doing the right thing despite pressure to act otherwise takes such courage.Leaders must face fear and doubt in many of the decisions they make. Having these feelings doesnt mean one isnt courageous. After all, courage is not the absence of fear. Rather, its doing the right thing despite ones fears.Leaders are humbleBeing humble simply means having an accurate view of ones own limitations. Everybody has limitations. Leaders deal with theirs by seeking help from others.When leaders seek help, they recognize the skills that order other people bring to the table. And when they are successful, leaders generously praise all who contributed to the success. Humble leaders dont promote themselves; they promote others.Learning is a lifelong goal, no matter ones position. Humble leaders are never too proud to learn from all sources of knowledgeeven those under them.Leaders serve othersJust Christ said，“If anyone wants to be first, he must be the very last, and the servant of all.” Leaders serve others and put the needs of others before themselves. They make the good of everyone on the team a personal priority.Leaders who serve others help the whole team acplish more. Leaders do things to make sure everybody has the resources needed. They go the extra mile to help out during a busy rush. When leaders serve, followers are also encouraged to serve each other.Leaders have passionMoney or success can motivate someone to show up for an activity. But what motivates one to really put his heart into something? The answer is passionthe feeling that the activity is significant.Outstanding leaders inspire others because they are motivated by passion for what they do. Leaders show the significance of routine work to others by emphasizing the big picture. They demonstrate how an activity not only benefits the individual, but also ones family, munity and entire society. Their passion ignites the passion of others.Leaders have integrityOnes integrity can be measured by what one does when nobody is looking. Leaders practice what they preach all the time, not just in the presence of others. Leaders also set the example for integrity. If a leader values being punctual, he arrives early.Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do. By following these principles, you can bee a better person. And that in turn will make you a better leader. 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了领导者的特征和品质，要做一名领导者不一定要做CEO或政客，如果你的行为能激励他人，让他人学到更多，做得更多，成就更多，你就是一名领导者。5Which should be the very beginning of the text?AStrong and effective leadership might have made the team more successful.BLeadership is the position of being the leader.CLeadership is not just about what you know or doits also about who you are!DLeadership refers to the set of characteristics.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do.”可知，本文主要讲述领导并不是关于他们所懂的和所做的，而是关于他们个人的品格特征等，首段通常与尾段相呼应，故C项正确。6What does the underlined word “traits” probably mean?AA strong point that one who serves in a special field should be skilled in.BA particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behavior.CA physical or mental power that is needed to do something.DA clear purpose that a good leader should work with.答案：B词义猜测题。根据该句中的“such a leader have”以及下文所介绍的领导者的五个重要的品格特征可知，traits意为“人的个性特点”，故B项正确。7This action “If a leader wants everyone to work hard, he works harder.” belongs to _.ALeaders are humble BLeaders serve othersCLeaders have passion DLeaders have integrity答案：D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句“Leaders also set the example for integrity.”可知，领导者往往起到榜样的作用，由此可推出，“领导者想要他人努力工作，他也努力工作”能体现出Leaders have integrity这个品质。故D项正确。8What could be the best title for the text?AA Leaders Character BA Leader for an OrganizationCThe Abilities of a Leader DThe Responsibilities of a Leader答案：A标题概括题。根据第二段最后两句“What attractive traits does such a leader have? Below are five of the most important.”以及最后一段第一句“Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do.”可知，本文主要讲述了领导者的品质。故A项正确。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(xx西宁市质检一，C)A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute，” someone might say，“are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my fulllength mirror, repeating the words，“Hello, class. Im Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12yearold boy.I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.“All right then，” I said. “Okay, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, youll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time！”A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。毕业一年后，作者得到了一份教授写作课程的工作。文章重点介绍了作者教学过程中难忘的第一堂课。9The author took the job to teach writing because _.Ahe wanted to be respected Bhe had written some storiesChe wanted to please his father Dhe had dreamed of being a teacher答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段第三至五句“. as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”可知，作者接受这份工作是希望得到别人的尊重。故A项正确。10What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?AHe would be aggressive in his first class.BHe was wellprepared for his first class.CHe got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.DHe waited long for the arrival of his first class.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there.”可知，等第一节课真正到来时，作者感到十分紧张。故C项正确。11Before he started his class, the author asked the students to _.Awrite down their suggestions on the paper cardsBcut maple leaves out of the construction paperCcut some cards out of the construction paperDwrite down their names on the paper cards答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“. and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.”可知，D项正确。