2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（3）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（3）史地常识型阅读理解 专题导读历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家或地区的河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或参考。文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件；命题以细节题为主，有一定主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。真题典例【xx广东卷】In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe being increasingly warm.People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries.According to a recent study, the global market for lowcarbon energy will bee three times bigger over the next decade.China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution.It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and highspeed trains.In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets.First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.Besides, stronger management of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development.Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet.That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.()1.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _.Ait makes the world warmerBit consumes natural resourcesCit brings severe damage to forestsDit makes growth hard to continue()2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?AChina lacks wind and solar energy.BChina is the leader of the lowcarbon market.CHighspeed trains are a lowcarbon development.DPalm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.()3.To full develop the lowcarbon markets, governments can _.Acut public expensesBforbid carbon emissionsCdevelop public resourcesDencourage energy conservation()4.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to _.Adevelop sustainable productsBexplore new natural resourcesCmake full use of natural resourcesDdeal with the major challenge()5.What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo introduce a new business model.BTo pare two business models.CTo predict a change of the global market.DTo advocate sustainable development.【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了传统经济发展模式给地球带来了许多危害：破坏了森林、使全球气候变暖等。现在，低碳、可持续发展的经济模式成为许多国家的主流发展方向。中国政府正在充分发挥潜能大力开发新的低耗能、低排放的新能源市场。 1B细节理解题。根据第一段可知传统经济发展模式的危害，四个选项中只有B项未提到，故选B。2C推理判断题。综合第二段的内容可知选C。3D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.”可知选D。4A推理判断题。根据最后一段“That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可知选A。5D写作意图题。文章由传统经济发展模式的弊端引出可持续发展经济模式并阐述了可持续发展经济模式的好处及发展方向。故选D。史地常识型阅读理解(一)There are several ski hills that can be found locally, and not so locally.Heres a bit of an informal snow report for any visitors to the city who may be unfamiliar with the local options for skiing.Sunshine VillageSunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.Of all the hills in Alberta, Sunshine is the one that has earned international renown.Ticket prices are cheaper this year than they have been in the past.Adults pay $76.5, Seniors $61.5, and Children only pay $26.5.At present, they have a snow base of 107 cm.The terrain(地形)is a mix of both easy and hard runs.Lake LouiseOf all the ski resorts nearby it is the largest with 4,200 acres of skiable terrain.It has the best balance of easy to difficult runs, and it gets snow of 93 cm right now.Adults pay $75.5, Seniors pay $54.5, and Children pay $24.5.Lake Louise is a great choice for anyone looking to do some easy access back country skiing.Mount NorquayMount Norquay is located across the TransCanda highway from the town of Banff.It has less challenging terrain than either Sunshine or Lake Louisa.However, it is also a very economic decision, and it is the only ski hill in the region that offers hourly rates and night skiing on Fridays.All inall this is a great hill to go and spend an afternoon or early evening, or to go and practice a few turns on before hitting up the bigger resorts later on in the season.NakiskaWhile it will be opening shortly, Nakiska is currently only open to the public on the weekends.Nakiska typically has less snow than the other resorts located a bit deeper in the mountains.Currently, they have a base of 71cm.The terrain at Nakiska is varied, but slants more towards the easy side.Its the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.Tickets are relatively cheap.Adults pay $64.5, Seniors pay $51.5, and Children only pay $19.5.Canada Olympic ParkCO.P. was built for the 1988 Winter Olympics; it is a world class facility for almost every winter sport.It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities.It has a snow base of 102cm, but it isnt the primary focus.With tickets starting at $5 and capping at $39, it is very inexpensive.()1.What can we know about Sunshine Village?AIt is a ski hill in Europe.BIts snow is the thickest of the five.CIt is only suitable for ski beginners.DIts ticket prices are getting higher.()2.What does the underlined word “renown” in Paragraph 2 mean?AGood attraction.BPlace of interest.CPrize or reward. DFame or reputation.()3.Which will be the best choice for someone who is fond of lots of other sports games besides skiing?ASunshine Village.BLake Louise.CCanada Olympic Park.DNakiska.()4.How much will a woman pay if she and her husband with two children to skiing in the best family place?A168 dollars. B103.5 dollars.C209 dollars. D129.5 dollars.()5.The passage is mainly to_.Aremend several famous travel sitesBtell us the places hes been to for winter sportsCintroduce some good places for skiingDadvertise his local tourist attractions【解析】本文主要介绍五处滑雪胜地。1B细节理解题。根据“At present, they have a snow base of 107cm.”可判断选B，因为比较其他四处地方的雪的厚度可知，其余各地的雪均没有这么厚。2D词义猜测题。根据“Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.”可判断此地盛名，即在国际上都有名气，由此可判断选D。3C细节理解题。根据“It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities.”可判断选C。4A逻辑推理题。根据第五段倒数第三句“Its the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.”可知“Nakiska”是最适合一家人去滑雪的地方；此处的收费标准是“Adults pay $64.5, Seniors pay $51.5, and Children only pay $19.5.”，两个成人收费129美元，两个小孩收费39美元，合计收费168美元，故选A。5C主旨大意题。根据全文第一段可知，全文旨在介绍几处滑雪胜地，故选C。科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx安徽“江南十校”高三仿真卷一)改编Airtight plastic bags can help farmers protect their harvests without the use of harmful chemicals.These bags are designed to keep air out of crops in storage.They are a simple way to fight insects and keep food fresh.Ten countries in West and Central Africa are involved in a project to improve the storage of cowpeas,also known as black-eyed peas.Farmers can lose much of the harvest to insects called bruchids.These grow from egg to adult in a few weeks and then lay forty to sixty more eggs.They can destroy the whole harvest within months.Farmers can sell their crop immediately.But selling at harvest time means more petition and lower prices.Or they can use pesticides (杀虫剂) to kill the bugs.But crop scientist Dieudonne Baributsa says,“They end up misusing or overusing the pesticide.In Nigeria,they have reported a lot of cases of death.They usually call it in Nigeria killer bean.”Mr.Baributsa is a researcher at Purdue University in the American state of Indiana.The project is called PICS,for Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage.He says the storage bags are thick enough that any insects already in the cowpeas will die from lack of oxygen.The lack of air will also help prevent the growth of bacteria that can ruin the harvest.The bags cost about two dollars each.Mr.Baributsa says that is not much,especially if it means farmers can wait long enough to get a better price for their crop.The bags are produced locally.Donors currently support the project,but the groups involved are working to build a lasting market for the bags because donor support for the project will not last forever.A pany based in the United States called GrainPro makes another kind of airtight bag.These are called SuperGrainbags.Phil Villers,the panys president,says safely storing a harvest not only earns more money for farmers,it also reduces the amount of food lost to insects,spoilage and mishandling.“What does not get wasted and eaten means it is available to feed a hungry world,”said Phil Villers.1.Whats the best title for this passage?()A.Simple Bags Save the HarvestB.Plastic Bags: the Enemy of InsectsC.Good News for Hungry WorldD.Pesticides Threaten Food Safety2.It can be inferred that bruchids .A.steal the stored crop for the futureB.breed slowly in the stored harvestC.survive in airtight plastic bagsD.multiply while the crop is in storage3.How does “killer bean” e out? ()A.The pesticide causes many deaths of bugs.B.People eat beans that are infected by bugs.C.Farmers use chemicals to kill bugs improperly.D.Bugs ruin beans within a short time.4.Which statement of the following is NOT true? ()A.Insects in the bags will soon use up the air and then die.B.The airtight plastic bags currently sold at the market do not last long.C.The project provides the farmers with the bags for free at present.D.What farmers can earn from the use of the bag is far more than they have to pay.语篇解读:虫害一直是农民的心头大患,这不仅危害农作物的生长,还浪费了许多粮食。最新的农业科技给人们带来了福音,那就是用密封袋来保护农作物以远离虫害。答案及剖析:1.A主旨大意题。由第一段(主题段)及全文内容可知,一种密封塑料袋在不使用任何化学药品的前提下,能够保护农民的收成不受虫害影响。故Simple Bags Save the Harvest最能概括全文的中心。2.D推理判断题。由第二段的第二、三、四句内容可知,bruchids是一种在粮食储藏过程中繁殖很快的昆虫,它们能够在几个星期内长成成虫,产下40到60个甚至更多的虫卵。D项中multiply有“增加;繁殖”之意。3.C细节理解题。由第三段的内容可知,农民们使用杀虫剂来杀虫,由于他们错用或过量使用,使粮食遭到污染,从而造成食用者死亡,故“杀手豆”来源于农民不正当地使用杀虫剂。4.B细节理解题。由倒数第二段的最后一句话.donor support for the project will not last forever可知,持续不长的是赞助商的支持,而不是塑料袋,故选B项。由倒数第二段.insects already in the cowpeas will die from lack of oxygen.可排除A项; 由倒数第二段的Donors currently support the project.可知,目前密封塑料袋是免费由赞助商提供,故排除C项;由倒数第二段的The bags cost about two dollars each.get a better price for their crop可排除D项。【疑难词汇解读】1.storage n.储存;仓库The collection has been in storage for decades.这些收藏品已保管了几十年。2.mishandle v.处理不当;错误地处理Mishandling the problem has caused great trouble.对这个问题处理不当已经引起了很大的麻烦。【长难句子分析】 他说这种密封袋非常厚,任何已经进入牛豆中的虫子都会因缺少氧气而死亡。