2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 政治经济文化类 阅读理解练习（3）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 政治经济文化类 阅读理解练习（3）xx高考英语阅读理解-政治经济文化类 On behalf of the Obama family，I want to wish you a very happy Thanksgiving Like many of you well spend the day with family and friends，catching up，eating some good food and watching a little footballBefore we lift a fork，we lend a hand by going out in the munity to serve some of our neighbors in needAnd we give thanks for each other， and for all of Gods blessingsWe all share this day，united by the gratitude for the bounty（慷慨） of this nationAnd we wele the contributions of all people-no matter their origin or color or beliefs-who call America home， and who enrich the life of our nation It is a belief as old as our founding：“Epluribus unum” - that out of many，we are one We are reminded that this creed， and America itself was never an inevitability， but the result of ordinary people in every generation doing their part to uphold our founding ideals-by taking the blessings of freedom， and multiplying them for those who would follow As President Kennedy once wrote， even as we give thanks for all that weve inherited from those who came before us-“the decency（庄重，正派） of purpose， steadfastness（坚定）of resolve and strength of will， for the courage and the humility， which they possessed” we must also remember that “the highest appreciation is not to utter words but to live by them” Today，we are grateful to all Americans who do their part to live by those ideals， including our brave men and women in uniform overseas and their families， who sacrifice so much to keep America safeWe are grateful to the countless Americans who serve their munities in soup kitchens and shelters，looking out for those who are less fortunate，and lifting up those who have fallen on hard times This generosity， this passion， this belief that we are each others keepers， is essential to who we are， not just on this day，but every dayIts easy to focus on what separates usBut as we gather with loved ones on this Thanksgiving， lets remember and be grateful for what ties us together Our love of countryOur mitment to justice and equalityOur belief that Americas best days are ahead，and that her destiny is ours to shape-and that our inherited ideals must be the birthright of all of our children Thats what today is all about：that out of many，we are oneThank you， God bless you【小题1】What makes America as it is today？ AThe blessings of GodBThe persistent efforts of all AmericansCThe contributions of people from different originDThe bonus of World War II【小题2】As is mentioned several times in the passage， the sentence “out of many， we are one” implies Aalthough we e from different places， now we share the same cultureBonjy if we unite as one can we make a better worldCwe are unique ones picked out by GodDamong the many countries in the world， America is the best one to live in【小题3】Whats the purpose by referring to President Kennedys saying？ ATo testify what we have today is inherited from our ancestorsBTo emphasis the importance of giving thanks to our forefathers and fellowsCTo remind people to share happiness with othersDTo encourage every American to do their own part in building the country【小题4】President Obamas speech is made tocall on Americans to unite together and help each other raise money to help the people in needclarify how the Thanksgiving es into beingexpress thanks to those who serve people at home or abroad ABCD xx高考英语阅读理解-政治经济文化类阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Sunny countries are often poor. A shame, then, that solar power is still quite expensive. Eight19, a British pany by Cambridge University, has, however, invented a novel way to get round this. In return for a deposit of around $10 it is supplying poor Kenyan families with a solar cell able to generate 2.5 watts of electricity, a battery that can deliver a three amp（安培） current to store this electricity, and a lamp whose bulb is a light-emitting diode（二极管）. The firm thinks that this system, once the battery is fully charged, is enough to light two small rooms and to power a mobile-phone charger for seven hours. Then, next day, it can be put outside and charged back up again.The trick is that, to be able to use the electricity, the systems keeper must buy a scratch cardfor as little as a dollaron which is printed a reference number. The keeper sends this reference, plus the serial number of the household solar unit, by SMS to Eight19. The panys server will respond automatically with an access code to the unit. Users may consider that they are paying an hourly rate for their electricity. In fact, they are paying off the cost of the unit. After buying around $80 worth of scratch cardswhich Eight19 expects would take the average family around 18 monthsthe user will own it. He will then have the option of continuing to use it for nothing, or of trading it in for a bigger one, perhaps driven by a 10-watt solar cell. In that case, he would go then through the same process again, paying off the additional cost of the upgraded kit at a slightly higher rate. Users would therefore increase their electricity supply steadily and afford ably. According to Eight19s figures, this looks like a good deal for customers. The firm believes the average energy-starved Kenyan spends around $10 a month on oilenough to fuel a couple of smoky lampsplus $2 on charging his mobile phone in the market-place. Regular users of one of Eight19s basic solar units will spend around half that, before owning it pletely. Meanwhile, as the cost of solar technology falls, it should get even cheaper.【小题1】The underlined word “get round” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _ . Amake use ofBe up withClook intoDdeal with【小题2】How much would users pay for the cell and scratch cards before they own a 2.5-watt solar cell? AAround $10.BAround $80.CAround $90.DAround $180.【小题3】It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. AKenyan families would find it difficult to afford the solar cellBusing the solar cell would help Kenyan families save moneyCfew Kenyan families use mobile phones for lack of electricityDthe pany will make a great profit from selling solar cells【小题4】What might be the most suitable title for the passage? ASolar Energy: Starting from Scratch.BEight19: a creative British pany.CKenyan Families: Using Solar Energy for Free.DPoor Countries: Beginning to Use Solar Energy.阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿)it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example：“The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball)Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动)Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell, perhaps youll understand why.67Mirror neurons can explain _.Awhy we cry when we are hurtBwhy we cough when we suffer from a coldCwhy we smile when we see someone else smileDwhy we yawn when we see someone else stay up late68The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “_”Aset off Bcut off Cbuilt up Dbroken up69We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _.Arelate to human behavior and interactionBcontrol human physical actions and feelingsCresult in bad behavior and social disordersDdetermine our knowledge and language abilities70What is the passage mainly about?AWays to find mirror neurons. BProblems of mirror neurons.CExistence of mirror neurons. DFunctions of mirror neurons.【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了镜像神经元的作用。67.C推理判断题。从第二段的第一句话“every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it”可知镜像神经元的作用就是当我们看到别人做某事，我们也会跟着做。68. A词义猜测题。根据第三段镜像神经元对语言的作用，当人们听到“手抓住球”这句话时，神经元就开始起作用了，就像手抓住球这个动作真的发生一样。set off：出发；触发。69. A细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知答案。70. D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人体镜像神经元的作用。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。When an earthquake hit a small town，many houses fell down. After the earthquake，all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in trouble.One Sunday，when I was reading a newspaper，a special picture touched me. It gave the clothing sizes of each family member. I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves. I said to my sevenyearold twins，Brad and Brett，and threeyearold Meghan，“We have so much，and these poor people now have nothing. Well share what we have with them.”I filled a box with foods and clothes. While I was doing this，I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favourite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together. Then she walked away. A few minutes later she came back with Lucy，her muchloved doll. She put the doll on top of the other toys. “Oh，dear，”I said. “You dont have to give Lucy. You love her so much.” Meghan said，“Lucy makes me happy，Mommy. Maybe shell make another little girl happy, too.”I looked at Meghan for a long moment. She taught me a lesson. Its easy to give something that we dont want any more，but hard to give what we cherish(珍爱)，isnt it?72. The writer has _ children.A. one B. two C. three D. four73. The underlined word “donate” probably means “_”. A. 捐赠 B. 丢掉 C. 展出 D. 放好74. Lucy is the name of _.A. a girl B. a game C. a doll D. an earthquake75. Which of the following is true?A. An earthquake happened in the writers hometown.B. The writer let Meghan give her muchloved doll.C. The writer decided to buy some clothes for those people in trouble.D. The writer thinks it is more difficult to give what we love a lot.【参考答案】7275、C A C D阅读理解。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year.Unfortunately，the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills(see picture)to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway，however，could help put them anywhere.The project, called Hywind，is the worlds first largescale deepwater wind turbine(涡轮发电机)Although it uses a fairly standard 152ton,2.3megawatt turbine，Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture)，a technology Hywinds creator，the Norwegian pany StatoilHydro，has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables(缆索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywinds stability(稳定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.To produce electricity on a large scale, a mercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but its difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spars centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the oceans surface. To do that, the pany plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox(变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades(see picture)Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating windfarm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing off shore windmills are planted. Deepsea farms are invisible from land, which helps overe the windmillaseyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best lowcarbon power sources available.本文为科普短文，讲述世界上第一个深海风力发电机涡轮发电机以及它的发电原理及好处。9The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of_.A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floorB. the spar which is floating in deepsea waterC. the blades driven by strong and steady sea windD. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface答案：B。细节理解题。由文章第二段特别是“these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves”可知B项正确。10To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting_.A. on the sea floor B. on the spar topC. at sea level D. behind the blades答案：C。细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一句“.one whose gearbox sits at sea level rather than behind the blades.”可知C项正确。11Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can_.A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmillsB. make financial profits by producing more turbinesC. settle the arguments about environmental problemsD. explore lowcarbon power resources available at sea答案：D。细节理解题。由文章最后一句“.it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best lowcarbon power sources available.”可知D项正确。