2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 A land of diversity素材 新人教版选修8.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 A land of diversity素材 新人教版选修8话题词汇1custom n风俗；习惯 2civilization n文明；文化3developed adj.发达的 4developing adj.发展中的 5promising adj.有前途的 6population n人口 7be situated in位于 8consist of由组成 9own a diverse culture 拥有多元文化 10be rich in natural resources 自然资源丰富经典语篇(xx全国)假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：栏目介绍；稿件内容；稿件长度：约400词汇；交稿日期：6月28日前。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头语已为你写好。Dear Peter，Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper._ _佳作欣赏Dear Peter，Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It_carries_articles_written_by_foreign_friends_about_the_cultures_of_their_home_countries.Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially wele articles about_how_Americans_spend_their_holidays_and_festivals，and the life of American high school students.You can write anything relevant so_long_as its interesting and informative.400 words would be fine.Could we have your article before June 28?Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours，Li Hua思维发散1将第句改为含有定语从句的复合句It_carries_articles_which/that_are_written_by_foreign_friends_about_the_cultures_of_their_home_countries.2用第句中的“介词连词”引导从句完成句子你可以对我的话有所顾虑，但是你最好严格遵守我的命令。You can have some reservation about_what_I_have_said，but you had better follow my orders as closely as possible.3用完成句子不管旅行多么艰难，只要能亲近大自然，我就不在乎。However tough the journey is，so_long_as_Im_with_nature，I dont care.重点单词A写作单词1boom (n.)(人口、贸易的)繁荣；(vi.)处于经济迅速发展时期2reform (vt.& vi.)改革；革新；(n.)改革；改造；改良3elect (vt.)选择；决定做某事；选举某人election (n.)选举；当选；选举权elective (adj.)有选举权的；(课程)选修的；可选择的4occur (vi.)发生；出现5indicate (vt.)指出；标示；表明；暗示indication (n.)指示；象征；表明；标示6slip (vi.)滑动；滑行；滑跤；(n.)滑动；滑倒slipper (n.)拖鞋7hire (vt.& n)租用；雇用fire (v.)(反义词)开除，解雇8punishment (n.)处罚；惩罚punish (v.)处罚；惩罚9applicant (n.)申请人 apply (v.)应用；申请；请求 application (n.)申请；应用10majority (n.)大多数；大半minority (n.)(反义词)少数；少数民族11means (n.)手段；方法mean (v.)意味着；(adj.)吝啬的meaning (n.)意思；意义B阅读单词12vice (n.& adj.)代理；副职13nowhere (adv.)无处；到处都无14grasp (vt.& n)抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会15apparent (adj.)显而易见的；显然的；表面上的16hardship (n.)苦难；困苦17mourn (vt.& vi.)哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛18authority (n.)权威；权力；当局19insert (vt.)插入；嵌入20hardship (n.)苦难；困苦21percentage (n.)百分比；百分率percent (n.)百分比，百分数；(adj.)百分之的22Italy (n.)意大利Italian (n.)意大利人；意大利语；(adj.)意大利人的；意大利语的23racial (adj.)人种的；种族的race (n.)种，种族；人种；(vt.& vi.)(和)比赛，(使)参加比赛24crossing (n.)横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道cross (v.)横渡；横越；穿越25distinct (adj.)清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction (n.)差别；区分；卓著26conductor (n.)(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥conduct (vt.& vi.)引导；带领；管理27justice (n.)正义；公平justify (vt.)证明正确；替辩护.重点短语1by_means_of.用办法；借助2make_a_life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等3team_up_with.与合作或一起工作4mark_out用线画出范围；标出界线5take_in包括；吸收6a_great/good_many许多；很多7live_on继续存在；继续生存8keep_up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)9back_to_back背靠背10apply_for申请；请示得到.经典句式1Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as_California，no one really knows.最早的人具体什么时间来到我们现在称作加利福尼亚的地方的，没有人确切地知道。2However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美国人有可能在至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚生活了。3That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。4People from Africa have_been_living in California since the 1800s，when they moved north from Mexico.来自非洲的人从十九世纪八十年代以来就一直生活在加利福尼亚，当时他们是从墨西哥迁居北方的。5California is the_third_largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加利福尼亚是美国第三大州，但有最多的人口。.课文语法填空California is the third largest state in the USA 1.but has the largest population.2.It is the most multicultural state in the USA.This is not 3.surprising(surprise) when you know the history of California which has attracted people from nearly every country in the world.No one really knows when the first settlers arrived in 4.what we now know as California.Scientists believe that the Native Americans reached America 5.by means of a land bridge.In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men.In 1848，gold was discovered in California and 6.the dream of being rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.In fact,7.few achieved their dream，but most remained in California to make a life for 8.themselves.In more recent decades，California has bee home to 9.more(many) people from Asia.It 10.is_believed(believe) that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups.1.means n手段；方式；方法(way)；财富(wealth)；收入应试指导(1)by no means位于句首时倒装；(2)by all means交际用语的用法by means of用办法；借助by all means当然可以by any means无论如何by no means绝不，一点也不(1)There is no means of finding out what happened.无法搞清楚发生了什么事情。(2)Can I see it?By all means.我可以看看吗？当然可以。特别提醒(1)means作主语且有every，each，one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。(2)by no means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。多维训练(1)单句语法填空Every possible means has_been_tried(try)，but none worked.I know the monkey on his back cant be removed by any means. (2)短语填空He succeeded by_means_of perseverance.May I borrow your bicycle?By_all_means._By_no_means is she an inexperienced teacher.2. majority n.大部分；大多数(1)in a/the majority占大多数by/with a majority of以大多数(2)major in主修(1)The majority of people in the town strongly support the plan to build a playground for children.镇上大部分人强烈支持为孩子们修建一所游乐场的计划。(2)He won the seat by/with a majority of 71 votes.他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。特别提醒the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。“the/a majority of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。多维训练(1)单句语法填空The majority was/were(be) in favor of the proposal.The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were_(be) students.The majority of the damage is(be) easy to repair.(2)完成句子队员中赞成这个计划的占大多数。Among the members of the team those who are for the plan are in_the_majority.你在大学主修的科目是什么？What subject did you major_in when you were in the university?3. occur vi.发生(happen)；存在(exist)；出现；(想法)产生(e into ones mind)多词一义occur，happen，e about，take placesth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事It occurs to sb.that./to do.某人突然想起(1)The crash occurred only minutes after the plane took off.空难在飞机起飞几分钟后就发生了。(2)Didnt it occur to you that he was lying?你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？特别提醒表示“某人想起”的短语还有：sth.strike/hit sb.，sb.hit/strike on sth.，sthe to sb.，sthe into ones mind等。多维训练(1)单句语法填空An idea occurred to me.An idea came into my mind.I hit/struck on an idea.It suddenly occurred to me that I hadnt locked my door.(2)单句改错A brilliant idea was occurred to me.去掉wasWhen did the accident occur to？去掉to4. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生e to life苏醒过来，恢复生气；变得更有趣；变得活跃e back to life苏醒过来；死而复生live/lead a.life过着的生活bring.back to life使苏醒过来(1)They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves.他们在加拿大定居下来， 习惯了新的生活方式。(2)To our surprise，he came to life soon.令我们吃惊的是，他很快苏醒了。(3)The unemployed usually lead a hard life.失业的人生活一般很困难。多维训练(1)短语填空make a life，bring.back to life，e back to lifeHe believes he can bring her back_to_life.After a while the sick man came_back_to_life.They went to the West and decided to_make_a_life there.(2)单句改错The new teachers ing made our class ing to life.第二个inge5 .take in吸收(absorb)；欺骗(cheat)；包括在内(include or cover)；收留(allow sb.to stay in)；领会，理解；观看应试指导take短语语境词义辨析take off起飞；脱下；迅速流行take over接管；继承；支配take on呈现；雇用take up从事；继续；拿起；占据(1)The monastery has taken in 26 refugees.修道院已经收留了26位难民。(2)Lesley explains possible treatments but you can tell shes not taking it in.莱斯利解释了各种可行的疗法，不过，你可以看出来，她并没有领会。多维训练(1)写出下列句子中take in的汉语意思He certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in Mexico.欺骗Gazing up into his eyes，she seemed to take in all he said.领会，理解He persuaded Joe to take him in.收留They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.吸收I was wondering if you might want to take in a movie with me this evening.观看(2)短语填空Sun Yue，a basketball star，said goodbye to CBA for NBA and is ready to_take_off in a new world of basketball.There is a shortage of teachers in Western China，and it will fall on the 80s and 90s generations to_take_on this responsibility.If I had more time，I would take_up golf as a hobby.It is reported that a foreign pany will take_over the pany.He didnt take_in what I read because his mind was on something else.6. keep up 坚持；维持；继续(某活动)；沿袭(风俗、传统等)；不使(斗志)低落多维训练写出下列句子中keep up的汉语意思(1)Many people keep up this old tradition.沿袭(2)The wet weather will keep up for three days.(天气)持续不变(3)The high cost of building materials keeps the house price up.保持(4)The help of her friends kept her up.使不倒下7. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.,加利福尼亚是美国第三大州，但有最多的人口。句型公式：the third largest.the third修饰largest，意为“第三大的”。形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite等词修饰。(1)Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.亚洲是世界上最大的洲。(2)Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain.泰晤士河是英国第二大河，也是英国最重要的河。多维训练翻译句子(1)在所有学生中，杰克的数学几乎是最好的。Of_all_the_students，Jack_is_almost_the_best_in_maths.(2)海南岛是中国第二大岛。Hainan_is_Chinas_second_largest_island./Hainan_is_the_second_largest_island_of_China.8. By the time California elected to bee the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。句型公式：by the time从句(1)by the time从句，意为“当的时候”，只是说过去某个时候的状况，主句常用过去时，而不用完成时，本句就是如此。(2)by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到时候为止”。by the time一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。by the time一般现在时，主句常用现在完成时或将来完成时。(3)by时间状语，主句的谓语动词也应用相应的完成时形式。(1)By the time he returned almost a year later，his belongings and neighborhood were destroyed.等到大概一年之后他回到家乡，他的亲戚和邻居都已经不在了。(2)By the time he was twelve，he had learned mathematics all by himself.到他12岁时，他已经自学了数学。多维训练单句语法填空(1)Mr.Mat had_been_persuaded(persuade) to give up smoking in the office by the time he started his new job.(2)We will_have_learned(learn) Book 8 by the end of next month.(3)By now，people have_realized(realize) its importance.语境填词1Research findings seem to indicate(表明) that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.(xx重庆)2Apparently(显然地) satisfied that we caused no further threat，the bear moved off，destroying a fence as it went.(xx北京)3When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority(大多数)(xx浙江)4The graph is monly used to show percentages(百分比)(xx浙江)5But the textile boom(繁荣) lasted only several decades.(xx湖北).单句语法填空1Though，as children，we thought this was crazy，it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.(xx福建)2To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply) to attend the opening ceremony.(xx福建)3More highways have been built in China，making(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(xx陕西)4It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.(xx湖北)5It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship(hard)(xx天津)6The fastest learnerand the first to_turn(turn) on one of the tabletsis 8yearold Kelbesa Negusse.(xx山东)7In fact，nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的) villages.(xx北京)8Walking alone in the dark，the boy whistled to keep up his courage.(xx湖北)9The moral of the original story is that a wicked person cannot escape punishment/being_punished(punish)(xx福建)10They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere.(cross) (xx湖南).短语填空1Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide，I am writing to apply_for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.(xx重庆)2Walls made of adobe take_in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights，thus warming the house.(xx全国)3According to the 4th paragraph，a_great_many poor people in American cities are faced with housing problems.(xx安徽)4In fact，progress has allowed tradition to keep_up.(xx江西)5Most importantly，make a point of spending quality time with friends and family，and make time to relearn the art of facetoface conversation instead of conducting your relationships by_means_of text messages.(xx山东)6During the weeks that followed，we learned to survive in our truck and live_on the little money my wife earned by substitute teaching.(xx湖北).完成句子1你可能想让志愿者来帮助组织活动。Its_very_likely_that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities.(xx江苏)2那就是为什么鱼儿喜欢到浅水里而不愿到深水里，因为浅水更暖和。That_is_why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.(xx广东)3人们认为James McCormick通过卖探测器挣了大约7 780万美元。It_is_believed_that James McCormick got about 77.8 million from the sales of his detectors.(xx四川)4自从人类开始从事园艺活动，就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更美丽。Since the time humankind started gardening，we have_been_trying_to_make our environment more beautiful.(xx湖南)5船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not what_ships_are_built_for.(xx安徽)写作素材(关于美国)1在美国，你会遇到来自不同国家的人们，他们中的大多数来自欧洲。2世界上没有其他地方吸引如此多的移民。3他们遭受了苦难和种族偏见但设法在那里开创了新生活。4同时，他们的风俗被保持下来。5那就是为什么我们认为美国是多元文化的国家。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用whom引导的定语从句，why引导的表语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)In America，you will meet people from different countries，the majority of whom e from Europe.Nowhere else in the world attracts so many immigrants.They suffered hardships and racial prejudice but managed to make a life there and at the same time，their customs have been kept up.Thats why we think America multicultural.阅读理解APlan on traveling around the USA this summer.If you need help in arranging the trip，or want ideas about where to go and what to do，there are a number of outstanding websites that can make your American dream e true.byways.orgThe National Scenic Byways Program covers 150 memorable roads.Some are natural routes，such as Route 1 along the California coast.Others focus on history(such as Route 6) or manmade attractions (the Las Vegas Trip)For each，you are provided with a map，told the routes length and how long is allowed，and given detailed suggestions on sights and stopoffs.oysterThis is the best website for reviews of hotels in US cities and resorts.The reviews are impressively thoroughcovering locations，rooms，cleanliness，food and so on.Importantly，these are not promotional photos by the hotels，but more honest and revealing ones taken by inspectors.Search facilities are excellent.From the 243 hotels reviewed in the New York，you can narrow down what you are looking for by locations，facilities and styles，or just pick out a selection of the best.101usaholidays.co.ukThis is the latest offering that features 101 holiday ideas to the USA.Its an impressively diverse selection，ranging from touring in the footsteps of Martin Luther King to a golfing break in Arizona and a cycling and winetasting trip in Californias Napa Valley.Narrow down what you are looking forwhether by price，region，theme and who will be travelingand then just the photos of the relevant holidays remain on view.Its a really clever design.mousesaversWalt Disney World in California can make dreams e true，but the price is not affordable for the majority of people.So turn to long established Mousesavers，dedicated to giving big discounts on tickets，hotels and dining at Walt Disney World.The website also offers general moneysaving tips，suggestions for cheap and free stuff and brief coverage of other Florida and California theme parks.1If you are going to the USA for the manmade attractions，you can drive along .ARoute 1 BRoute 6Cthe Las Vegas Trip Dthe California coast答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Others focus on history (such as Route 6) or manmade attractions (the Las Vegas Trip)”可知，拉斯维加斯之旅适合欣赏人造景观的游客，故选C。2Why are the photos of the hotels in US cities and resorts real in oyster?ABecause they were taken by customers who once lived there.BBecause there are ments of customers on each photo.CBecause there are qualifications of the authority.DBecause they are taken by inspectors of the website.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Importantly，these are not promotional photos by the hotels，but more honest and revealing ones taken by inspectors.”可知，网站上关于宾馆的照片都是实地拍摄的，没有广告宣传的成分在里面，故选D。3Travel ideas for a big family with kids and the old are available at .Abyways.orgBoysterC101usaholidays.co.ukDmousesavers答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“whether by price，region，theme and who will be traveling”可知，101usaholidays.co.uk提供的旅游信息对人数和年龄没有限制，故选C。4Where does the text probably e from?AA news report. BA tourist brochure.CA culture journal. DA health column.答案B解析文章出处题。根据第一段中的“Plan on traveling around the USA this summer.there are a number of outstanding websites that can make your American dream e true.”可知，文章介绍的是几个与旅游有关的网站，故选B。BPeople in the western state of California who are in the United States illegally can now request a drivers license.The law went into effect on January 1.California is not the first American state with such a law，but it has the largest number of illegal immigrants.More than a million people began to request licenses shortly after the new state law went into effect.Among them was Christian Alvarado.Mr.Alvarado entered the United States from El Salvador eight years ago without permission from the US.government.Some call such people “illegal immigrants”. Others call them “undocumented immigrants”Mr.Alvarado thinks it so exciting，for he has been waiting for the license for a long time.But some are worried that their personal information will be used to find them and deport them.Armando Botello is a spokesman for the California Department of Motor Vehicles，or DMV.He says people should not be afraid，for such information will not be shared.The new licenses are the same as licenses given to citizens except that they have the words “Federal Limits Apply”That means the license cannot be used to travel on an airplane or enter a federal building.Ana Garcia，working at the Central American Resource Center，says some illegal immigrants fear those words will be used to abuse them.Civil rights groups say the police and others will not.Dan Schnur，a political scientist at the University of Southern California，said that the main argument against the new law is that it rewards illegal behavior.But Professor Schnur argued that young，white Americans generally support immigration reform，including giving drivers licenses to illegal immigrants.“Its simply because they grew up in a much more multicultural society than their parents or their grandparents did.” Professor Schnur says he believes the changes in beliefs about illegal immigrants that have taken place in California will spread throughout the United States.5Why did the new law make Mr.Alvarado excited?ABecause he can request a drivers license.BBecause he became a legal immigrant of California.CBecause he got his driving license as an illegal immigrant.DBecause a law went into effect for the new immigrants.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第一句“People in the western state of California who are in the United States illegally can now request a drivers license.”及第二段第一句可知，非法进入美国加利福尼亚西部的人现在可以申请司机驾照，因此作为非法移民的Mr.Alvarado很高兴。故选A。6What is the difference of the new license