2019-2020年中考英语 语法专题突破 专题十 动词的时态 人教新目标版.doc

2019-2020年中考英语 语法专题突破 专题十 动词的时态 人教新目标版【满分点拨】1动词的五种基本形式变化表英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数(现在式)、过去时、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形没有经过任何变形，就是词典中一般给出的形式be，do，have，e第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加sworkworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加esgogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加esflyfliesstudystudies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加edworkworkedstaystayed在以e结尾的动词后只加dcloseclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加edstopstoppedplanplanned现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加ingsleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingsmilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ingsitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ingdiedyinglielying常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：短暂性动词延续性动词have closed/openedhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave lefthave been awayhave begun/startedhave been onhave finished/endedhave been overhave beehave beenhave borrowedhave kepthave boughthave hadhave joinedhave been a member of/have been inhave left sp.have been away from sp.have fallen asleephave been asleephave put onhave wornhave caught/got a coldhave had a coldhave got to knowhave known2.常见6种时态的构成及用法河北中考对于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时都有考查，须掌握这些时态的基本构成和功能。种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注一般现在时1.现阶段经常性或习惯性动作；2目前的状态；3客观真理be用am/is/are；主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加s/es；其他人称和数用动词原形。often，sometimes，usually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week/month/year(every系列)He usually leaves for school at 7 in the morning.他经常早上7点去学校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。一般过去时1.过去发生的动作；2过去存在的状态be用was/were；其他动词用过去式just now， ago，in 1980，last night/week/month(last系列)，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used toWe went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。一般将来时1.将来发生的动作；2将来存在的状态1.助动词will(shall)动词原形2am/is/are going to动词原形tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next year/week/month/term(next系列)I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我将在校门口见你。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15岁了。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。现在进行时说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作am/is/are动词的现在分词now，at present，at the moment，look，listenThe telephone is ringing.Could you answer it，please？电话响了，你可以接听一下吗？表示位置移动或状态变化的动词，如：e，go，leave等词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。过去进行时过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作was/were动词的现在分词at 1：00 last night，at that moment，表示过去时间的状语从句I was reading when he came in.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。He was always plaining about something.他总是抱怨一些事情。在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时，通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。现在完成时1.到现在为止已经完成的动作；对现在还有影响；2从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态have/has动词的过去分词yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten yearsHe has only been to the Great Wall once.他去过长城一次。I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我来到青年志愿者有五年了。1.since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；2.短暂性动词不与一段时间连用。如果要与一般时间连用必须换成延续性动词。(见上表)河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用1Grandma usually _ early in the morning.(醒来)2When we _ western culture with Chinese culture，youll find many differences.(比较)3That pany _ us with 3，000 dollars in xx.(提供)4The thief s_ food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen.5The wind _ the clouds and the sky was clear.(sweep away)6We still dont know when your friend _ here.(e)7I overslept this morning.By the time I got to the train station，the train _(leave)8I _ a novel last night when I heard knocks at the door.(read)二、连词成句9is，handbag，her，this_?10are，do，you，now，what_?11make，a，in，mistake，class，he，yesterday_.12learn，I，for，English，three，have，years_.13watch TV，last，I，call，you，night，was，when_.14she，year，to，will，senior，school，next，go_.三、单项选择()15.We make it a rule that each of us _ the bedroom one day a week.Ahas cleanedBhave cleanedCcleans Dclean()16.Mr.Green，a famous writer，_ our school next week.Avisited BvisitsCwas visiting Dwill visit()17.The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago.Ago Bhave goneChave been Dwent()18.Look，some people _ photos on the beach.Atook BtakesCare taking Dwas taking()19.My brother _ books at that moment.Aread Bwas readingCwill read Dhave read()20.(xx保定8中模拟)I _ Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai.Adidnt hear fromBdont hear fromCwont hear formDhavent heard from一、时态的判断根据河北近5年真题分析可以看出，初中阶段需掌握六种基本时态。学生应掌握动词时态的判断技巧来解题，如根据时间状语确定时态；利用上下文语意判断句子的时态；根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态；在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态；固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系；根据特定动词与时态的对应关系；根据时态中的“特殊”对策(如客观真理等)。【方法突破】1根据时间状语确定时态(xx年34题，xx年36题，xx年39题，xx年45题，xx年43题)根据时间状语判断时态在河北中考中主要体现在词语运用和连词成句题型中。now，at present，at the moment，these days，look，listen等标志着现在进行时；just now，ago，in 1980，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to，last night/week/month /year(last系列)等标志着一般过去时；at 1：00 last night，at that moment，this time yesterday等标志着过去进行时；tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next week/month/year(next系列)等标志着一般将来时；yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten years等标志着现在完成时。除了上面这些时间状语提示时态外，某些副词也有这种作用，如：often，always，usually，never，seldom等表示频率的副词应用一般现在时或一般过去时。【典例剖析】(xx河北34题)()Were proud that China _ stronger and stronger these years.Awill beeBbecameCis being Dwas being【答案】C【解题技巧】考查现在进行时。句意：我们自豪地是现在中国正变得越来越大了。时间状语these days“如今，现在”，是现在进行时的标志。故本题选C。2利用上下文语意判断句子的时态(xx年31题，xx年37题，xx年42题，xx年36题，xx年43题，xx年38题，xx年40题，xx年41题，2011年38题，2011年42题)如果一个英语句子中既没有出现时间状语，也没有可供判断时态的上下文，那么就应当把这个句子翻译成中文，利用我们的母语知识来判断这个句子该用何种时态。【典例剖析】(xx河北31题)()I _ the shops.Can I get you anything?Ago to Bwent toChave gone to Dam going to【答案】D【解题技巧】考查一般将来时。句意：我将去商店，我能给你买些东西吗？根据Can I get you anything？可知动作没有发生，故用一般将来时，go的将来时用现在进行时表示。故选D。3根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态(xx年37题，xx年40题，xx年37题，xx年43题)有些试题虽然看起来没有时间状语提示词，也不是出现在复合句中，但是上下句的动作存在着明显的时间顺序差距，因此可根据上下文已有的时态来判断本句所要选用的时态。【典例剖析】(xx河北32题)()Paula is pleased that she _ her lost watch.Afinds BfoundChas found Dwill find【答案】C【解题技巧】考查现在完成时。句意：Paula是高兴的，她找到了她丢失的手表。根据找到丢失的手表，可知动作发生在过去，又根据前文is pleased，可知过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响，故用现在完成时。4在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时，从句是由when，after，before，notuntil，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及由if，unless引导的条件状语从句中，谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时间。(xx年35题)【典例剖析】(xx河北35题)()Henry will give us a report as soon as he _Awill arrive Bwas arrivingCarrives Darrived【答案】C【解题技巧】考查一般现在时。as soon as引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时。故选C。“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。(xx年45题)【典例剖析】(xx河北45题)()I didnt understand _，so I raised my hand to ask.Awhat my teacher saysBwhat does my teacher sayCwhat my teacher saidDwhat did my teacher say【答案】C【解题技巧】考查宾语从句的语序及时态。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，排查B和D项。再根据“时态一致”原则，即主句的谓语动词为过去时态，从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。故选C。在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且有明显的先后顺序，那么，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句出现。(xx年27题，xx年35题，xx年34题)【典例剖析】(xx河北27题)()The Children _ a PE.class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.Ahave Bare havingChad Dwere having【答案】D【解题技巧】考查过去进行时。when引导的时间状语从句的时态为一般过去时，且“begin”为短暂性动词，那主句表示延续性的谓语动词应用过去进行时。当主句谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，可根据具体情况，选用各种合适的时态。(xx年45题，2011年45题，xx年45题，xx年45题，xx年45题)【典例剖析】(2011年河北45题)()Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder _Awhen she will e backBwhen she came backCwhen will she e backDwhen did she e back【答案】A【解题技巧】考查宾语从句的语序及时态。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，排查C和D项。本题遵循当主句谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制。再根据上句她正在度假可知回来肯定是将来的事。故选A。在含有“since从句”的主从复合句中，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。另外，在“Its一段时间since从句”句式中，since后面的从句一般用一般过去时。【典例剖析】(xx安徽中考改编)()Rick _ a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China.Alearns BlearnedChas learned Dare learning【答案】C【解题技巧】考查现在完成时。since引导的主从复合句中“主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时”。所以本题可根据从句中的“came”判断出主句应用现在完成时，自从他来中国后就一直学习中国文化这个学习的动作发生在过去，但是到目前为止还没有结束且可能还会持续下去。故选C。5固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系(xx年36题)在英语中，不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的对应关系，如：在“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型中，陈述句中用will表示一般将来时。【典例剖析】(xx河北36题)()Keep practicing and you _ your English.Aimprove Bwill improveCimproved Dwere improved【答案】B【解题技巧】考查一般将来时。这是“祈使句and/ or陈述句”句型，陈述句的谓语要用“will动词原形”，故选B。在This/That/It is the first time that句型中用现在完成时。若is改为was，就用过去完成时；有时以上结构中的first也可换成second，third，fourth等；其中的time也可换成其他名词。【典例剖析】()Do you know our town at all?No，this is the first time I _ here.AwasBhave beenCcameDam ing【答案】B【解题技巧】考查现在完成时。This is the first time后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。6根据特定动词与时态的对应关系(xx年44题)在英语里有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如see(看见)，hear(听见)，find(找到)等词的用法与上下文的时态有对应的提示作用，如see sb. do/doing sth.，hear sb. do/doing sth.【典例剖析】(xx河北37题)()I saw Jeff in the park.He _ on the grass and reading a book.Asits BsatCis sitting Dwas sitting【答案】D【解题技巧】考查过去进行时。根据上文语境“我看到杰夫在公园里”。saw表明动作发生在过去。又根据reading a book，可知前后句表并列关系，故用过去进行时。7根据时态中的“特”对策(如客观真理等)当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、格言或现在习惯行为时，其谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的限制，要用一般现在时。【典例剖析】()The teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.Atraveled BtravelsCis traveling Dwill travel【答案】B【解题技巧】考查一般现在时。由常识可知“光比声音传播得快”是客观真理，必须使用一般现在时。故选B。二、常见易混时态辨析1一般现在时与现在进行时的易混辨析一般现在时表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作，或现在的状态，强调长期性、稳定性；而现在进行时是指现在此刻或现在这一时期内正在进行的动作，强调暂时性，不稳定性。如：He usually gets up at six in the morning.(经常性、习惯性动作)She is an English woman.(现在的状态)We are working on the farm these days.(现在这期间的动作，表示这几天暂时在农场上帮忙)Look！The boys are fighting.(现在此刻所发生的动作)注意：不宜用进行时态的动词：表示心理状态、情感的动词，如：love，like，hate，care，know，understand，forget，remember，believe，want，agree，wish，mean等；表示存在的动词，如：be，lie(位于)等；表示一瞬间就发生的动作，如：get，buy，end，receive等。如：I like English very much.我非常喜欢英语。(表示情感)Mexico lies to the south of Texas.墨西哥位于得克萨斯州的南边。(表示存在)2一般过去时和现在完成时的易混辨析两者都表示过去发生的事情。但一般过去时只强调过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响。主要说明现在的情况。如：I opened the door just now.我刚才打开了门。(指刚才做了“开门”的动作，但现在门是否开着，并未说明。)I have opened the door.我已经把门打开了。(门现在还开着)3一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析一般过去时表示过去发生过，强调动作结束了，侧重于事实。而过去进行时表示动作在过去某时间内进行，强调动作的持续性和未完成性。如：I wrote a letter to a friend last night.(信写完了，强调事实)I was writing a letter to a friend last night.(信不一定写完；强调动作)4表示“将来时态”几种形式的易混辨析在初中阶段，我们学了will/shall动词原形，be going to动词原形，be doing以及一般现在时等四种形式表达将来时。will/shall表示单纯的将来(即现在之后)。如：He will be back in a few days.他几天之后回来。(单纯将来)注意：在含有if的条件状语从句中，主句要用will表示将来时。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go climbing.如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。be going to动词原形多用于口语，强调事先的“打算、计划”要做的事情或有某种迹象要发生的事情。如：What are you going to do this evening？你今晚准备做什么？(打算)Look！There are so many clouds in the sky.Its going to rain，I think.看，天空乌云密布。我觉得是要下雨了。(有迹象要发生的事情)be doing现在进行时。现在进行时表示即将发生的将来，多与表示位移的动词e，go，arrive，leave，fly，start等连用。如：She is leaving for Beijing.她就要启程去北京。一般现在时表示将来时，主要用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中；或者用来表示按时刻表的规定将要发生的动作。如：Ill tell him about it as soon as I see him.一见到他我就会告诉他这件事。My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.我的航班明天早上11点起飞。河北中考考点精练()1.(xx南京中考)Why didnt Peter his homework?He said he had lost his workbook.I think its an excuse.AdoesBdoingCdo Ddid()2.(xx凉山中考)I went to visit you yesterday evening，but you werent in.Where were you then?Oh，I _ my pet dog in the park.I _ this dog for three days and its very cute.Awas walking；have hadBwalked；boughtCwas walking；have boughtDwalked；have had()3.(xx保定8中模拟)I _ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.Awill be BwasChave been Dwould()4.(xx滨州中考)Look at the sign! It says “No Smoking”Oh，sorry.I _ it.Adont see Bhavent seenCwasnt seen Ddidnt see()5.(xx泰安中考)Our classmates went to a concert yesterday afternoon What a pity! I _ my homework.Ahad done Bwas doingCam doing Dwould do()6.(xx石家庄42中模拟)Stop smoking，Joe! You _ yourself if you keep on doing it like that!Awill kill Bhave killedCkill Dkilled()7.(xx潍坊中考)Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday_.Awill begin Bhas begunCbegins Dis beginning()8.(xx安徽中考)Cathy，can you answer the door? I _ the room.Im ing，mom.Aclean BcleanedChave cleaned Dam cleaning()9.(xx临沂中考)Tim Cook called his mother every week even while he_ around the world.Awas traveling Bis travelingCtraveled Dtravels()10.(xx内江中考)I missed his call because at that time I _ a shower.Ahad Bhave hadChave Dwas having()11.(xx重庆中考B卷)Please wait.She _ to you in a few minutes.Atalk BtalkedChave talked Dwill talk()12.(xx日照中考)Have you watched the movie the Left Ear?Yes，I _ it last night with my sister.Ahave watched BwatchedCwill watch Dwas watching()13.(xx邯郸11中模拟)My parents are always worried about what will happen if I _.Asucceeded Bwont succeedCwill fail Dfail()14.(xx绵阳中考)Mom，someone _ .Please pick up the phone.Ahas called Bis callingCwill call Dwas calling()15.(xx武威中考)Hey，Jenny.Lets go home together.Just a moment.I _ an email.Asend BsentCam sending Dhave sent()16.(xx泰州中考)Look at the blue sky! The rain _.Lets go out for a walk.Astops Bwill stopChas stopped Dhad stopped()17.(xx苏州中考)Where is Joan?She _ a novel in her study.Ahas read BreadsCwill read Dis reading()18.(xx宜昌中考) Internet business _ traditional business in the past few years?Not really.ADoesbeat BWillbeatCHasbeat DIsbeating()19.(xx十堰中考)My grandfather likes the small village very much.So far he_ there for 50 years.Ahad lived BlivedClives Dhas lived()20.(xx莱芜中考)Mr.Huang，its late.Why are you still here?My daughter hasnt e back from school yet.I _ for her.Awaited Bam waitingCwas waiting Dhave waited()21.(xx北京中考)Mom，where is Dad?He _flowers in the garden now.Aplanted BplantsCwill plant Dis planting()22.(xx青海中考改编)What do you think of the talk show last night?I didnt watch it.I _ mom with some chores.Ahelped Bwas helpingChave helped Dwill help()23.(xx藁城中考模拟)Where is your father?He _ the World Cup in the living room.Ais watching BwatchesCwatched Dwill watch()24.(xx邯郸25中模拟)Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds.Im afraid it _.Arains Bis going to rainCrained Dwas raining()25.(xx衡水中考模拟)After Steven sent some emails，he _ surfing the Internet.Astarts Bhas startedCwill start Dstarted()26.(xx邢台中考模拟)There _ a great concert in the theatre next Saturday evening.Awill be Bwill haveChas Dis going to have()27.(xx廊坊中考模拟)If I make a lot of money I _ give some to medical research or charities.Aam going to BcanCwill Dshould()28.(xx沧州中考模拟)Be quiet! The students _ a physics test in the next room.Ahad Bhave hadCwere having Dare having()29.(xx秦皇岛中考模拟)Alice likes doing housework.She _ her room every afternoon.Acleans BcleanedCis cleaning Dhas cleaned()30.(xx张家口9中模拟)Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?No，because I _ the story.Aread Bwill readChave read Dwas reading()31.(xx原创预测)Do you think grandpa and grandma _ late?No，the train is usually on time.Awere Bwill beCwas Dhave been()32.(xx原创预测)Youre in a hurry.Where are you going?To the cinema.Sue _ for me outside.Awaits BwaitedCis waiting Dwas waiting()33.(xx原创预测)Mr.Li will check our homework this afternoon._ you _it?Not yet.Im doing it right now.ADo；finish BHad；finishedCWill；finish DHave；finished()34.(xx原创预测)When will our uncle e to see us?Hell e this weekend.He _me that by email.Atold BtellsCwill tell Dis telling()35.(xx原创预测)Is Richard still living here?No，he_ to Paris already.Ahad moved BmovedCwill move Dhas moved()36.(xx原创预测)Which singer do you think _ the Voice of China?Im not sure.There are still 3 rounds to e.Awon Bhas wonCwill win Dwins()37.(xx原创预测)Tom _ the piano every day when he was in primary school.Aplays BplayedCwas playing Dhas played()38.(xx原创预测)I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.Go to bed first.I will wake you up as soon as the match _.Astarts BstartedCwill start Dis starting()39.(xx原创预测)I _ my hometown for a long time.I really miss it.AleftBwent away fromChave leftDhave been away from()40.(xx原创预测)A nice tie！A present?Yes，it is.My aunt _ it to me for my birthday.Awas sending Bhad sentCwill send Dsent【考点抢测】()1.His brother is a teacher.He _ math at a school.AtaughtBhas taughtCteaches Dwill teach()2.I hope Tim can e to my birthday party.Then we _ a much happier time.Ahave BhadCwill have Dhave had()3.I dont have time to discuss the plan.I _ to an interview.Ago BwentCam going Dwas going()4.(xx保定8中模拟)Hello，mom.Are you still on Lushan Mountain?Oh，no.We are back home.We _ a really good journey.Ahave BhadCare having Dwill have()5.I dont remember when and where I _ this umbrella.Abuy Bhave boughtCwill buy Dbought()6.Have you had your breakfast yet?Yes.Mom _ it for me.Awas cooking Bis cookingCwill cook Dcooked()7.Why does Tony look unhappy?Because he _ the chance to take part in the English contest.Amisses Bwas missingCis missing Dmissed()8.(xx保定17中模拟)Can you answer the door，Jim？I _ the dishes.Ado BdidChave done Dam doing()9.I saw Mr.Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.Thats impossible.He _ an English party with us then.Ahas BhadCwas having Dhas had()10.The students _ the Art Festival when I passed by their school.Acelebrate Bwere celebratingCwill celebrate Dhave celebrated()11.Jenny _ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.Ais cooking Bwas cookingCcooks Dcooked()12.Sanya is a beautiful city.I _ there twice.Ahave gone Bhave beenChave gone to Dhave been to()13.I began watching here an hour ago，but now nothing _ yet.Ahappens Bwill happenChappened Dhas happened