四六级翻译

四六级翻译,评分原则及标准,Translation1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,解题技巧,解题思路、步骤,解题思路和步骤,（1）理解：通读并透彻理解原文含义，包括理解出题人想考察的语法或搭配。语法如虚拟、倒装、不定式、分词、情态动词、各种从句等等；搭配如动宾搭配、介宾搭配等等。（2）翻译：确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词。实在无法准确猜出出题人的意向，就用解释的方法写出答案。（3）审校：首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次、检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号或逻辑错误，检查句子(整句)是否完整，主谓是否一致,代词和名词是否一致,是否遗漏了结构词,介词等,并进行必要的修改和润色。,种常考语法要点归纳,. 比较结构1). On average, it is said, visitors spend only_ （一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London.      (half as much money)2)Americans eat_（两倍）protein as they actually need every day.     (twice as much)3) The number of the students in this city has _ (增加了6倍) in comparison with 2001.     (increased 6 times),.用于表示“与相比”的短语Your losses in trade this year are nothing_ （与我的相比）       (compared with mine/ in comparison with mine)2) Since my childhood I have found that _( 没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力 )      (nothing is more attractive to me than reading )3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness so such_（而是他缺乏天分）      (as by his lack of talent),.状语从句包括： -    as though   即使 hardly/barely/scarcelywhen (句子前半部要倒装)     一就  (Hardly had we sat down at the table, when the phone rang.  我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)no soonerthan(句子前半部要倒装)     一就        (No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)now that    既然，由于        so that 结果/以致 in that      因为，由于In case that/ for fear that/ lest   以防，万一，以免Unless     除非（才）  until 直到才Whetheror     不管是还是  as long as 只要   even if/though 虽然/即使,Examples:1)._（家也许很简陋）, theres no place like home, wherever he may go.     (Humble as it may be)2)._（我们一到山顶）than we all sat down to rest.     (No sooner had we reached the top of the hill)3)._(既然你很熟悉作者的想法), try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.     (Now that you are familiar with the authors ideas) 4).Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误)  （in that it helps to find and correct our mistakes）.,5） Give me your telephone number _(以备我需要你的帮助)  （in case I need your help）.6）_（政府才能有效运行） unless it is free from such interference.   (Government cannot operate effectively)7） The substance does not dissolve in water _（不管是否加热）      (whether (it is) heated or not)8）_(要不是你们的帮助）,we would not      have succeeded.      If it hadnt been for your help,.名词性从句  (主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句及同位语从句）1) In some countries, _（所谓的平等）does not really mean equal rights for all people.   (what is called “equality”)2) _ （给我印象最深的） were her liveliness and sense of humor.  (What impressed me most )3）We couldnt _（就该怎么办达成一致）   agree on what should be done4) This is _ （鲁迅曾经住过的地方）    where Lu Xun used to live,. 定语从句1) A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样).    ( as was to be expected)2)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _（正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样）    (as is often the case in other countries)3) Im not accustomed to such luxury, _ (它简直是浪费钱).    (which is just a waste of money ),分句关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的主要情况）当先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing, something, few, little, much, none, 等不定代词时）当先行词被序数词(the first, the second) 或形容词最高级所修饰时）当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰时当先行词是人而且有only, all, any等限定词时，其后用作分句主语的关系代词通常用 that                                   (Any boy that wants to succeed must work hard.),.虚拟语气）用于以下动词之后的 that 分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should +原型   (order, command, demand, insist, maintain, request, require, ask, recommend, propose, suggest, move, desire, etc) ）以下形容词用于 It is +adj. +that 结构中，从句动词用原型或者是should +原型(advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fundamental, imperative, obligatory, important, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, proper,)3) 用在以下名词之后的that 分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should +原型（decision, decree(法令，判决)，demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution, a pity, a shame, no wonder that,）用于宾语从句中  wish）用于某些特定结构中, 如   If only,     as though/if,   It is (high) time that  是时候做某事了 （Its time you went to bed.）    would rather+从句 -would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：    A.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望， 如     Id rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。     Id rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。    B.用过去完成时表过去的愿望， 如      Id rather you hadnt said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。      Id rather you hadnt done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。 等等 ,1) The professor required that _（我们交研究报告）  (we hand in our research reports)2) It is highly desirable that a new president_（被任命） for this college.    (be appointed)3)Some women _(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.     (could have made a good salary),4) But for his help, I _(我不可能这么早完成)    (would not have finished so early)5)The victim _( 本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time .    (would have survived) 6) Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.   (something was done/     some measures were taken ),.倒装结构）表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时a. seldom, rarely, never;      b. Hardly/Scarcely  when, No sooner  than;      c. 包含only的状语出现在句首;      d.当包含no的短语出现在句首, at no time, under no circumstances, in no way, on no account, on no condition, by no means, etc.）so, neither, nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时）地点状语位于句首，动词是come, lie, stand, walk等,1) Not until the game had begun _（他才到达）the sports around.   (did he arrive at) 2) If you wont agree to our plan,_(他们也不会同意).   (neither will they) 3) He had understood nothing, _ (也没尝试着去) understand.   (nor did he try to) 4) Only after I slapped him on the back _( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ).   (did he notice me and shouted with happiness ),.并列成分    and,    or,   nor,   but,    not but,        both and,    than,        not only but (also),         either or ,   neither nor      rather than  而不是 （instead of）I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee.    other than   (常用于否定句) 除以外（except）Ill be going away in June but other than that Ill be here all summer. 我会在六月份外出; 除此以外，我整个夏天都在这里。         etc.,1) In fact, Peter would rather have left for San Francisco_ （而不愿待在纽约）    (than stayed in New York.)2)In no country_ （除了在英国）, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.    (other than Britain)3)_（这两本书都不认为）the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.   (Neither of the two books hold) neither of后接复数名词或代词，动词用单数和复数都可以，复数动词较正式。either or 亦同。,种常考词汇要点归纳,A. 接不定式或动名词的动词及短语以下单词或词组后接动名词 inganticipate,   appreciate,   consider,   deny,   dislike,   enjoy, favor,   mind,   practise,   report,   resent,   risk,   keep, imagine/fancy,   recall,   defend, ,   include，   involve, justify（证明正确；对 解释）, advise/suggest,   confess,       admit / acknowledge,      delay,     postpone, put off,      excuse / forgive,    miss,     escape,     avoid,       tolerate,   resist,     give up,      dream of / about,        despair of （对丧失信心，感到绝望）,     object to,         feel like (想做某事),    count on （依靠,  指望）,    succeed in, insist on,     stick to,      persist in （坚持做某事）,     persevere in （坚持）,       look forward to,                     have (no) trouble / difficulty) in   ,以下单词或词组后接不定式 to dorefuse,   afford,   agree,   choose,   claim,   manage,   offer,   pretend,   promise,     swear to do (发誓，承诺去做某事), venture to do (小心谨慎地去做某事),                   guarantee to do保证去做某事,   decide/determine/resolve to do (决心去做某事),   desire/hope/wish,    expect,   以下单词或词组后接不定式 to do. 但是 to 省略   had better do   cannot but  do   may/might as well do  不妨做某事   would rather/sooner     ,1)Mr. Johnson preferred_. （别人给他重活干）      (to be given heavier work to do)2)She would appreciate_（收到来信）you sometime.   （hearing from）3) I used _（以前抽烟抽得很凶）, but I gave it up three years ago.   （to smoke heavily）4) If you dont like to swim, you _（不妨待在家里）   (may as well stay at home),B.表因果关系的动词词组  lead to/result in  give rise to   使发生 （The novels success      gave rise to a number of sequels. 这部小说的成功带来就系列的续篇。）  result from/arise from  originate in/from  be responsible for    ,.常用短语 与动词有关take  into account/consideration    把考虑在内;   accuse sb of (doing) sth    因为某事控告/谴责某人; charge sb with sth     因为某事控告/谴责某人;             charge sb (money) for sth     收费，要价;               benefit by/from sth     得益于，得利于;               comment on sth / make comments on sth  对作评论;                                                                        concentrate (ones attention) on/upon  集中注意力于; focus on (doing) sth集中注意力于;,convince sb. of sth.    使确信，使信服（- You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。 ）come/go into effect     生效;开始实施 （- New control come into effect next month. 下月开始实施新的管制措施。）take effect 开始起作用;见效; 生效;开始实施 （-The aspirins soon take effect. 阿司匹林药片见效快。）be entitled to (doing) sth   有资格/权利去做某事 (- You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。)find fault with  批评,catch a glimpse of sth/sb看了一眼(He caught a glimpse of her in the crowd. 他一眼瞥见她在人群里。) inform sb of/about sth知会某人某事(Please inform us of any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。)be/get involved in sth参与keep/hold pace (with)  与并驾齐驱，步调一致make sense   有意义，讲得通，合乎情理  (-It makes sense to do sth)spend (time, money.) on sth / in doing sth 花时间/金钱在某事上have access to     有机会、权利、途径 （- Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。）,与形容词有关be accustomed /used to (doing) sth    习惯于 be ashamed of     对.感到羞愧be (well/fully) aware of    完全明白，意识到 be committed to    尽心尽力的; 忠诚于的be composed of     由构成be concerned about    担心的，忧虑的 be concerned with      关切的，关注的 be conscious of      意识到，注意到 be consistent with      与一致的，相符的,be content with     对感到满意 be critical of      对批评的，挑剔的(sb.) be familiar with (sth)    对熟悉 (- I am familiar with the voice.) (sth./sb.)be familiar to (sb.)     对熟悉 (-The voice seems to be familiar to me.)be ignorant of/about     对某事不了解，无知 (-Hes completely ignorant about modern technology. 他对现代科技一无所知。)be jealous of sb/sth    嫉妒,feel/be nervous about/of     因而紧张，焦虑，担忧be optimistic about    对感到乐观be relevant to     与紧密相关，切题的be sensitive to     对敏感的，体贴的，易生气的 be similar to     与相似be uneasy about/at sth      对感到不自在，担心be inferior to   比不上; 劣于  (-This model is technically inferior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上比不上它的竞争者。)be superior to  占优势; 更胜一酬 (-This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上超过了它的竞争者。）,介词词组on behalf of / on sbs behalf  代表某人 (-I would   like to thank you all on behalf of the team.)in behalf of    为帮助某人 (-We collected money in behalf of the homeless. 我们为帮助无家可归者募捐。) in case  以防万一  (- Youd better take the keys in case Im out. 你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。)in case of   如果，假使  (- In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如遇火险，即按警铃。)in charge of （或 take charge of） 主管，掌管  (- He has been in charge of the farm since his father passed away.),be in (out of) contact with    与有联系/失去联系 to a certain extent     在某种程度上 （- To some extent what she argues is true. 她的话在某种程度上是符合事实的。）in favor of     赞同，支持 ; 看中，选择 （- He argues in favor of a stike. 他据理力争主张罢工。）（- He abandoned teaching in favor of a career as a musician. 他弃教从事音乐。） In support of     支持 （- He argues in support of a stike. 他据理力争主张罢工。）in honor of    为纪念; 向表示敬意 （- This ceremony was held in honor of those killed in the explosion. 举行这个仪式来纪念爆炸中的死难者。）,in particular   尤其，格外；特殊的，专门的 (- He loves science fiction in particular. 他特别喜爱科幻小说。)  (- She directed the question at no one in particular. 她的问题没有针对任何个人。)on the point of    在 的时刻，关头  (- We were on the point of giving up. 我们当时几乎要放弃了。)to the point of 达到某种程度，近乎  (- He was rude to the point of being aggressive. 他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的地步。)on purpose     故意地 for the sake of   为了的缘故；为获得某物   (- They stayed together for the sake of the children. 为了孩子，他们还待在一起。)   （- She gave up smoking for the sake of her health. 为保持身体健康，她戒了烟。）,名词词组     a heart attack;     a tourist attraction （景点）;                                 heavy rain/snow/traffic;   opening/closing/degree/graduation ceremony;          severe punishment/pain/injuries/drought/storm    a case in point（一个恰当的例子; 明证） ;    in case      以防万一    in case of     如果，假使     in any case   无论如何，总之 in no case      决不，无论如何不 in the case of     就来说；至于 in this case       既然是这样 ,真题解析,2006.6,1. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物馆的路).  （finding the way to the history museum)关键采分点之一必然是看在答案中是否使用了动名词形式 2. _(为了挣钱供我上学)， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.   (In order to to finance my education)动词的选择， 还可用raise money, support ，afford3. The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。   (we hand in our research reports) 句型：虚拟语气require that sb. (should) do sth.,4. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂).    (the more confused I am)掌握the more, the more 句型 ；另外confused的使用5. Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了).   (he was fired by the company )让步状语从句 ；关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握though引导让步状语从句时，主句不应有but存在。,2006.12,1)Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活)    (adjust/adapt to life in a different culture    或者     adapt to living in different cultures)注意adapt to 后接动名词2)Since my childhood I have fond that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)   (nothing attracts me more than reading   或者    nothing is more attractive/appealing to me than reading ) "Nothing is morethan"和"Nothing is soas"都具有最高级比较的意思，指“没有比更”。,3)The victim _来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time. （would have had a chance of surviving; would have survived ）虚拟语气4)Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)（are likely to/may/might feel lonely when (they are) away from home）5)The nations population continues to rise _(以每年1200万人的速度)（at a rate of 12 million per/a/each year ;    at the rate of 12 million people annually;     at an annual rate of 12,000,000;   by 12 million yearly） at a speed of (以的速度)；其二是数字1200万人的表达，也就是12个百万12 million 而million后面加上多余的复数s则是很多同学容易出现的错误。,2007.6,1) The finding of this study failed to_(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)（take people's sleep quality into account ） take into account/consideration2) The prevention and treatment of AIDS is_（我们可以合作的领域）（the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate）定语从句,3) Because of the leg injury, the athlete_(决定退出比赛）   （decided to quit the match） decide to do sth.;另外quit 的使用4) To make donations or for more information, please_（按以下地址和我们联系）（contact us at the following address） contact的用法5) Please come here at ten tomorrow morning_（如果你方便的话） （if it is convenient for you / at your convenience）,2007.12,1_（ 多亏了一系列的发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully. （Thanks to a series of new inventions ）2. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了).（I am more inclined to get tired than before ）3.Im going to pursue this course, _(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲) （no matter what kind of sacrifice I will make ）,4.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because_(它更加方便和省时)（the former is more convenient and time-saving ）5.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. （is measured by how much they can borrow）,2008.06,Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research _(能应用于新技术的开发）      Can be applied to the development of the new technology2. I cant boot my computer now. something_(一定出了毛病）with its operation system.      must be wrong3. Leaving ones job, _(不管是什么工作），is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.       whatever it could be4. _(与我成长的地方相比）,this town is more prosperous and exciting.         Compared with the place where I grew up5._（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.        Until he accomplished his mission,2008.12,1. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没有答案)that they havent found answers to 2. (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.What most parents are concerned about 3.Youd better take a sweater with you (以防天气变冷)in case it turns/should turn cold 4.Through the project, many people have received training and (决定自己创业)decided to start their own business 5.The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了它)until it was accidentally found by a doctor,