2019-2020年高中英语Unit5Literatureforself-under-standing(分词及独立主格)教案.doc

2019-2020年高中英语Unit5Literatureforself-under-standing(分词及独立主格)教案 1分词的时态和语态1）分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为not + 分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式（having + 过去分词）用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：Being a student, he was interested in books. Having studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well. 2）现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态；如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词完成式的被动形式。如：The question being discussed is important. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. 2分词的用法1）作定语分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。如：The man standing by the windows is our teacher. The excited people rushed into the building. 注意：现在分词作定语时表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 现在分词作定语A现在分词作定前置时静感强，而后置的现在分词动感强。如：The working people are the wisest. The farmers working here are very busy. 能前置的现在分词为数不太多，常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词，前常有程度副词，有些现在分词甚至还有比较等级。如：I have brought very exciting news to you. This is the most exciting story that I have ever read. B有些现在分词作定语时表示正在发生的动作，这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态。如：Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise ?Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise ?有些现在分词作定语时表示经常性动作或现在（或当时）的状态。此类现在人词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态，而不宜用进行时态。如：They tayed at a hotel standing (which stood) by the lake. The temple standing (that stood) on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty. C从形式来看，前置现在分词多为单个分词，而后置现在分词多为短语。但也不能绝对如此，要视情况而定。要是强调动感，即使是单个分词也应后置。如：Look! The girl singing is Alice and one dancing is Mary. 从内容来讲，前置现在分词多为不及物动词，一般没有自己的宾语或状语。后置现在分词可带宾语状语。如：Barking dogs seldom bite. The person translating the songs can speak seven languages. 注意：现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语，而用作后置定语。We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 过去分词作定语过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示增添的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer. He is a man loved by all. 如果指的动作现在正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，可用现在分词的被动形式作定语。如：We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 如果指的是一个未来动作，可用不定式的被动形式作定语。如：You are invited to a party to be given at our institute at 6: 00 next Sunday evening. 2）作状语分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。如：Being a student, I must study hard. （原因）While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. （时间）The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. （方式）分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词之前发生的动作，也可用having been done. 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引出。有时“with（without） + 名词（或代词宾语） + 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。如：He lay half dead, with all his ribs broken.