2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 政治经济文化类 阅读理解练习（4）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 政治经济文化类 阅读理解练习（4）xx高考英语阅读理解-政治经济文化类 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Dont Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity or extreme overweight among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% and is growing.【小题1】 In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola? AThey go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.BThey squeeze eating between the other daily activities.CThey regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles.DThey usually eat too much canned and frozen food.【小题2】This text is mainly about the relationship between _. AAmericans and the FrenchBlife style and obesityCchildren and adultsDfast food and overweight【小题3】This text is mainly developed _ A by contrastBby spaceCby processDby classification(分类)【小题4】 Where does this text probably e from? A A TV interviewB A food advertisementCA health reportDA book review xx高考英语阅读理解-政治经济文化类Americans get some of their news and entertainment from public television and radio. These public media receive money to operate from private citizens, organizations and government. Many of their programs are educational. But most of the American media are run by businesses for profit. These privately owned media have changed greatly in recent years. Newspapers, magazines and traditional broadcast television organizations have lost some of their popularity. At the same time, online, cable and satellite media have increased in numbers and strength. So have media that serve racial groups and those municating in foreign languages. In general, more media than ever now provide Americans with news and entertainment. At the same time, fewer owners control them. Huge panies have many holdings(股份). In some areas, one pany controls much of the media. One dramatic change in American media is the increased success of cable television. It es into most homes over wires. It does not use the public airwaves to present programs, as broadcast television does. Like broadcast television, most cable television programs perform advertisements. This is true although people must pay to see cable television in their homes. Thirty years ago, few people had cable. Today, about sixty-eight percent of American homes have cable television. Television by satellite also is gaining popularity. Over the years, traditional broadcast organizations have tried to appeal to as many watchers as possible. Many cable panies, however, present programs for one special group of viewers. For example, there are cable stations for people who like books, cooking, travel, golf or edy.【小题1】Which of the following is true about American public media? AThey depend on the government.BThey are controlled by the governmentCThey are freeDThey can earn money.【小题2】Which of the following properly shows the change in these privately owned media? ANewspapers are getting more popular.BSatellite media is getting more popular.CTraditional media also serve racial groups.DSome media make their programs in foreign languages【小题3】From the second paragraph, we learn that. Abroadcast TV and cable TV programs include sales messagesBmore media are out of controlCAmerican media is dramaticDcable TV is free【小题4】What would be the best title for the text? AAmerican news and entertainmentBPublic television and radio mediaCmedia in the United StatesDCable programs in the United States 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。An idea that started in Seattles public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple：help to build a sense of munity in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all，the program allows strangers to municate by discussing the book on the bus，as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched(发起)the“If All of Seattle Read the Same Book”project in 1998.Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities，and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago，the mayor (市长) appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book，One Chicago”program.As a result，reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.The only problem arose in New York，where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in mediumsized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity (一致) can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point，putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately，as Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process，or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared_a_word.西雅图的一名图书管理员建议大家在同一时间阅读同一本书，并允许陌生人在公共场所对这本书进行讨论，这样做既可以促进陌生人之间的交流，又能培养公众的社区意识。然而，在像纽约等一些大城市，由于人口背景复杂，很难选出一本具有代表性的书，或许这一想法在一些中等城市更容易实施。12What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?ATo invite authors to guide readers.BTo encourage people to read and share.CTo involve people in munity service.DTo promote the friendship between cities.答案：B。细节理解题。由第二段“Her original program used author visits，study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book”可以推知正确答案。13Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?AThey had little interest in reading.BThey were too busy to read a book.CThey came from many different backgrounds.DThey lacked support from the local government.答案：C。细节理解题。由第四段第一句话可知，纽约城市大，人口众多且文化背景多样化，因此人们很难选出一本有代表性的书。14According to the passage，where would the project be more easily carried out?AIn large munities with little sense of unity.BIn large cities where libraries are far from home.CIn mediumsized cities with a diverse population.DIn large towns where agreement can be quickly reached.答案：D。细节理解题。由第四段第二句话可知，这一想法在中等城市或大的城镇较容易实施，因为在那儿人们很容易达成一致。C项为人口多样化的中等城市，与句意不符。15The underlined words“shared a word”in Paragraph 5 probably mean_.Aexchanged ideas with each otherBdiscussed the meaning of a wordCgained life experienceDused the same language答案：A。词义猜测题。由第二段内容可知，该活动的目的就是让陌生人通过讨论这本书而达到交流的目的，故A项正确。16According to Nancy，the degree of success of the project is judged by_.Athe careful selection of a proper bookBthe growing popularity of the writersCthe number of people who benefit from readingDthe number of books that each person reads答案：C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“.the level of success is not measured by how many peope read the book，but by how many people are enriched by the process.”可知C项正确。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical achievements. A newspaper reporter interviewed him why he was able to be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from others? He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he dropped the slippery bottle, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floora real sea of milk!When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of shouting at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？”Indeed, the boy did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. How would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海绵)，a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer？” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilled milk.His mother then said，“You know，what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Lets go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it. ”The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could make it. What a wonderful lesson!This famous scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes.当记者采访一位富有创造性的杰出科学家为什么他与众不同时，这位科学家说这一切源于2岁时妈妈给他上的一课，从中我们可以意识到孩提时代的教育方法的重要性。1When the mother found the kitchen floor covered with milk, she _.A. gave the boy a lecture instead of shouting at himB. praised the boy instead of punishing himC. felt satisfied with the boys trying to help himselfD. calmed down the boy and helped him find a way to clean the floor答案：D。事实细节题。由第三、四、五段的内容可知，妈妈看到牛奶洒了一地后，首先安慰那个男孩让他镇定下来，然后帮助他找到清洁地板的方法并找到最终解决怎样用一双小手拿稳瓶子的方法，故选D。2The childs experience resulted in the following BUT _.A. offering the boy a chance to grasp the bottleB. benefiting the boy all his lifeC. helping the boy be more creativeD. making the boy realize the mistake is of value答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段和第二段可知当这位富有创造性的科学家被采访到他为何富有创造性时，他说起两岁时的一次经历可以推断出这件事启迪了他的创造性同时也使他终生受益可知B、C正确；由尾段可推知他通过这次经历意识到了错误的价值，故只有A项不是那次经历导致的结果，故答案选A。3According to the passage, the way the scientists mother used is _.A. instructive B. strictC. formal D. strange答案：A。推理判断题。通读文章可知妈妈的方法具有教育性、启发性和指导意义。故选A。4The purpose of the passage is to show _.A. a usual way to cultivate a childB. a scientists medical achievementsC. a mothers wise way of helping her childD. the advantages of making mistakes答案：C。推理判断题。总览文章可知作者的目的和意图是展示妈妈帮助孩子的明智的方法，故选C。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。A few months before I was born, my Dad met a stranger who was new to our small town. From the beginning, Dad was fascinated with this enchanting newer and soon invited him to live with our family. The stranger was quickly accepted and was around to wele me into the world a few months later.As I grew up, I never questioned his place in my family. In my young mind, he had a special position. My parents were plementary instructors：Mom taught me the words, and Dad taught me to obey them. But the stranger. He was our storyteller. He would keep us spellbound for hours on end with adventures, mysteries and edies.If I wanted to know anything about politics，history or science，he always knew the answers about the past, understood the present and even seemed able to predict the future! He made me laugh, and he made me cry. The stranger never stopped talking, but Dad didnt seem to mind.I now know that my early concepts about relationship were influenced strongly by the stranger. Time after time, he opposed the values of my parents, yet he was seldom blamed.and NEVER asked to leave.More than fifty years have passed since the stranger moved in with our family. He has blended right in and is not nearly as fascinating as he was at first. Still, if you were to walk into my parents room today, you would still find him sitting over in his corner, waiting for someone to listen to him talk and watch him draw his pictures. His name?We just call him.“TV”He has a younger sister now. We call her“puter”作者以生动形象的拟人手法描述了电视对自己的影响。5When the stranger came to live with our family, he was _.A. ingnored by the children B. driven away for no reasonC. abandoned because it was too noisy D. accepted by every family member答案：D。事实细节题。由首段尾句可知答案。6The stranger can do all the following things EXCEPT that he can _.A. tell us some funny stories B. reject our proposalsC. influence the childrens character D. predict the future答案：B。事实细节题。由第3段内容可知电视具有A、C、D项所说的功能，而不能“拒绝建议”，故按题意要求选B。7The underlined word“spellbound” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _.A. concentrated B. puzzled C. fascinated D. astonished答案：C。词义猜测题。由第2段尾句语境“数小时连续地看冒险故事、神秘故事和喜剧”可知应是“沉迷于，对着迷的”，故答案为C。倒数第3段第2句中的fascinating也是暗示。本题易误选A，但是如果注意一下后面的介词就可排除，因为concentrate和on搭配。8What can we learn from the last three paragraphs of the passage?A. The puter is more advanced and has gained greater popularity.B. Old as he is，we like the stranger best.C. The TV set is out of fashion and often breaks down.D. We decide to throw the TV set away immediately.答案：A。推理判断题。文章中提到电视伴随我们五十年，而现在它有了一个年轻的妹妹那就是电脑，说明了产品已推陈出新，暗示了电脑更先进更受人们青睐，故答案为A。