2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book1 Unit1 Lifestyles 北师大版必修1.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book1 Unit1 Lifestyles 北师大版必修11suppose v认为；推断，假设归纳拓展(1)be supposed to.被期望做，应该；被认为是，被认为(2)suppose/supposing引导条件状语从句，相当于if，“如果，假设”。 (1)You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose.(xx陕西，14)你看起来气色很好。我想三亚的空气和海鲜一定适合你。(2)He was supposed to have arrived on the five oclock train.他本该赶上五点钟的那班火车的(但他没有)。 活学活用(1)He was_ to be a musician，but he became a lawyer.(2011合肥月考)Athought Bsaid Cconsidered Dsupposed答案D解析句意为：他应该成为一名音乐家，但是他成了一名律师。be supposed to应该。(2)You_ the flower，but you didnt.Aare supposed to waterBare supposed to have wateredCwere supposed to waterDsuppose to water答案B解析be supposed to have done本应该做了某事，而实际没有，didnt已有了暗示。句意为：你本应该浇过花的，可你没有。2prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)preference n偏爱；爱好，喜爱归纳拓展prefer sb.to do.that从句 喜欢，愿意prefer doing sth.to doing sth.和做某事相比更喜欢做某事prefer to do sth.rather than do.更喜欢做某事，而不give preference to.给以优惠；优先考虑have a preference for喜爱；偏好Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what looks nice.(xx四川，6)一些人凭眼睛来吃饭，他们喜欢点看起来好的菜。活学活用(1)She preferred to go with us rather_than stay behind.She preferred going_with_us to staying_behind.她宁愿和我们一起去，而不愿意留下。(2)I prefer her not_to_e.我宁愿她不来。(3)For sustainable development，the government has decided to give_ to those energyconserving and environmentfriendly businesses in many aspects.Aprofit Binterest Cpreference Dadvantage答案C解析由句意可知，此处应当是“给节能和环保的以优惠”；give preference to.给优惠，符合句意。3otherwise adv.否则，不然；在其他方面；除此之外归纳拓展or otherwise或其他情况；或相反or else否则，要不然的话Up to now，the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.(xx山东，30)迄今为止，这个项目已拯救了成千上万个本来会死亡的孩子。活学活用(1)Do what youve been told，otherwise_you_will_be_punished.照吩咐去做，否则你将受到惩罚。(2)We didnt know you were in trouble at that time，_ we would have given you a hand.Abut Bso Cotherwise Dand答案C解析句意为：我们不知道你当时有麻烦，否则我们就帮助你了。otherwise否则，符合句意。4suffer vt. & vi.遭受；忍受；经历；受苦归纳拓展(1)suffer vt.遭受，蒙受；后常跟pain/defeat等。(2)suffer vi.后常跟介词from，表示“受折磨；受之苦；患某种疾病”。People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.(xx安徽，阅读理解E)人们显然需要我们从砍伐树木中获得的资源，但我们遭受的损失将比我们的受益要多。活学活用(1)The city suffered_huge_losses from the earthquake.这个城市在地震中遭受了巨大的损失。(2)The region continues to suffer_from serious pollution.这个地区依然遭受着严重的污染。(3)_ heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.AHaving suffered BSuffering fromCHaving suffered from DBeing suffered答案C解析suffer from后跟疾病，且由for years可知应用完成时态，故选C项。5distance n距离；远方；遥远；疏远distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的归纳拓展at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远in the distance在远方from the distance从远处/方keep sb.at a distance对冷淡，与疏远(1)But during the night, the sound continued to be heard from the distance.但是到了夜间，这声音从远处仍旧听得到。(2)The station is 3 miles distant/away from our house.站台离我们家三英里。活学活用(1)I saw some smoke in_the_distance.我看到远处有些烟。(2)Its better for you to keep_him_at_a_distance.你最好不要和他亲近。(3)The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a_ of 60 miles.(2011安庆统考)Alength Bdistance Cway Dspare答案B解析from a distance of 60 miles从60英里的远处。6support vt. & n支持；搀扶；供养；资助归纳拓展(1)support ones family养家(2)in support of支持 We were amazed how much support there was for the band and everyone agreed to pay the extra $5.对这个乐队有如此多的支持，并且每个人都同意多支付5 美元，我们非常吃惊。活学活用(1)Mr.Wang spoke in_support_of the proposal.王先生发言支持该项提议。(2)The proposal_ by a large majority of the teachers.Awas supported Bwas for Cwas in favor of Dsupported答案A解析be supported by被所支持。B和C应当是人作主语。7switch n开关；转换；v.转换；改变归纳拓展make a switch进行改变switch on接上；打开switch off切断；关掉swith over转换频道；转变switch to.变换到According to the air traffic rules，you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding.根据空中交通规则，在登机前你应当关闭手机。活学活用(1)句型转换Turn off the light before you go out.Switch off the light before you go out.(2)There has been a_switch_in_our_plans.我们的计划有变。(3)We made a_ in our schedule to go swimming when it started to rain.(2011许昌月考)Aturn Bswitch Cdecision Dexchange答案B解析make a switch进行改变。句意为：当天开始下雨的时候，我们对去游泳的安排做了调整。8go off(铃，爆竹等)响起；走开；爆炸归纳拓展go over走过去；仔细检查；复习go all out (to do)全力(去做)go out熄灭go by流逝；过去；遵循，依照go without忍受某事物的缺乏；没有某事物也可应付Do you want a lift home?Its very kind of you，but I have to work late in the office.I overslept this morning because my alarm clock didnt go off.(xx江西，31)你想搭便车回家吗？你太好了，但我不得不在办公室加班。今天早上我的闹钟没响，我睡过了。活学活用(1)The gun went_off by accident.枪突然走火了。(2)Didnt you have a good time at the party?Of course I did.As a matter of fact，I had such fun that time seemed to _ so quickly.Ago by Bgo away Cgo out Dgo over答案A解析表示“时间过去”用go by。(3)Didnt you have a good time at the party?Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _ so quickly.Ago by Bgo away Cgo out Dgo over答案A(4)The Olympic mittee has drawn up strict rules for the athletes to _.Ago on Bgo with Cgo without Dgo by答案D9take up从事；占据归纳拓展take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take on呈现；雇用take over接收；接管，取代take in吸入；欺骗；理解(1)He has taken up playing the guitar.他开始迷上玩吉他了。(2)The job took up most of Sunday.这项工作占用了大半个星期天。活学活用(1)These boxes of yours are taking_up_too_much_space.你的这些箱子占去了太多的地方。(2)These teenagers dont know much of the world yet；thats why they were so easily_.Ataken in Btaken up Ctaken on Dtaken off答案A解析由前句可知，后句句意为：那是为什么他们容易被骗。take in欺骗。(3)We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all _.Agiven away Bkept away Ctaken up Dused up答案C解析take up占有。 10get changed换衣服归纳拓展get/be hurt受伤get/be married结婚(1)Its your time to perform.Youd better get changed.你不能穿这衣服出去，最好换一下。(2)He is too young and has to be dressed.他太小，别人得给他穿衣服。活学活用(1)Dont play with the sharp knife，or you may get_hurt(受伤)(2)As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.(2011安阳模拟)Aseparated Bspared Clost Dmissed答案A解析句意为：随着我们加入一大群人之中，我与朋友们分开了。get separated被分开，符合句意。spare匀出；get lost迷路；missing丢失的，而不是missed，均不符合句意。11e up with提出；想出；赶上归纳拓展e up发芽；发生；走近e up to sth.达到e out出版；结果是；出来e on(用于鼓励)加油；(打架时激对方的话)来啊！过来！别装腔！得了吧！Although against my opinion，the old professor didnt e up with his own. 虽然反对我的观点，但老教授却没提出自己的见解。活学活用(1)e_on！Lets race to the end of the road.来吧！让我们赛跑到路的尽头。(2)This was a really difficult question，but a little boy_ a good answer.(2011洛阳月考)Acame up to Bcame out Ccame up with Dcame round答案C解析e up with想出，找到(答案、办法等)；e up to达到；e out出来；e round改变观点。12I find painting or drawing very relaxing.译文：我觉得画画令人放松。归纳拓展句式提取：find宾语宾补find sb./sth.adj./adv./doing sth./done/n./介词短语(1)Did you find life hard in the country?你觉得农村生活艰苦吗？(2)He hurried there，but found them all out.他匆忙赶到那里，却发现他们都出去了。活学活用(1)We found_them_playing_basketball on the playground.我们发现他们在操场上打篮球。(2)The police found_the_child_safe in a parked car.警察发现那个孩子在一辆停着的汽车里平安无事。(3)I suddenly found myself_ down the street when I found two policemen in front of me.Arun Brunning Cruns Dran答案B解析句意为：我突然发现自己正沿街跑着。running现在分词作宾补，表示正在做某事。13How about planning a weekend bike trip?译文：安排一次周末自行车旅行怎么样？句式提取：How about动名词？归纳拓展“How about名词/代词/动名词？”常用来征求意见、提建议或询问消息等。“What about.？”也有此用法。How e.？怎么会？How so？怎么会这样？How is it for.？怎么样？如何？(1)How about camping this weekend，just for a change?OK，whatever you want.(xx浙江，1)这个周末我们换一下方式，去野营怎么样啊？好的。你想做什么就做什么。(2)How is it for Tuesday then?那么周二怎么样？活学活用(1)你为什么昨天没来上学？How_e you werent in school yesterday?(2)我当然会来。明天怎样？Of course Ill e.What/How_about tomorrow?(3)What about_ with me to the newly opened theme park in our city this afternoon?Agoing Bto go Cgo Dwill go答案A解析what about doing.？固定用法。14We dont have the same work hours that office workers in the city have.译文：我们和在办公室工作的人的时间不同。句式提取：the same (.) as/that.归纳拓展(1)the same (.) as.意为“和一样，定语从句中as所指代的人或物与先行词是同一类。(2)the same (.) that意为“和一样”，定语从句中that所指代的人或物与先行词是同一个。(1)I bought the same car as you did.我买了一辆车，和你的一模一样。(2)Our English teacher wore the same clothes that he did yesterday.我们英语老师穿着昨天的那件衣服。活学活用(1)Shes still the_same funloving person that I knew at college.她仍爱耍爱闹，还是上大学时的那副老样子。(2)Beijing was attacked by the same terrible storm_ a lot of people living along the coast had ever experienced before.(2011三门峡模拟)Aas Band it was Cthat Dwhich答案A解析此处为定语从句，as指storm，作experienced的宾语；由句意可知，此处应是类似的物，故选A项。15As long as I get good marks in my tests，it doesnt matter if I can speak English or not.译文：只要我在考试中取得高分，会不会说英语就没什么关系。句式提取：It doesnt matter (to sb.)从句归纳拓展It is/makes no matterwh从句不成问题It matters (to sb.) wh从句/if或whether从句(对某人来说)很重要(通常用于否定句)Surely it doesnt matter where the Student Association get their money from；what counts is what they do with it.毫无疑问，学生会从哪儿弄到钱这无关紧要；真正重要的事情是他们用这些钱来做什么。活学活用(1)I dont care what it lookswhat_matters is that it works well.我不在乎它好看不好看要紧的是它要好用。(2)It_matters_a_lot_to_her what other people think of her.其他人怎么看她对她来说极为重要。(3)Oh，sorry.I took your dictionary by mistake._.AThats right BIt doesnt matterCYoure wele DNever think about it答案B解析用以回答别人的道歉；A项应为Thats all right。 Unit 1Lifestyles.语境填词1The urgency (紧急情况) urged us to take measures at once to rise to challenge (挑战)2Personally (person)，most of the people in the world love peace (和平) and are bored (厌烦) of war.3At present，everyone faces great pressure (press) from society (social)，work，relationship，etc.4Lets organise (组织) all the people and think out some solutions (solve) to the employment of the graduates (毕业生)5At Christmas，the crowd (人群) went out to shop and made the streets crowded (crowd).选词填空to tell you the truth；make a difference；be filled with；make sure；be prepared for1Make_sure you lock the door behind you when you go out.2I knew there were problems，but I was_not_prepared_for (not) this.3Exercise can make_a_difference to your health.4To_tell_you_the_truth，Im quite pleased hes not ing.5When she looked at him，her eyes were_filled_with tears.完成句子1他用了半个小时才解出那道数学题。It_took_him_half_an_hour_to work out the maths problem.2李平总是第一个到，最后一个离开。Li Ping is always the_first_to_e and the_last_to_leave.3当他醒来，发现自己躺在地板上。When he woke up，he found himself lying_on_the_floor.4H1N1流感传播得如此迅速以致于许多人都不敢出去旅游了。H1N1 Flu spreads so_rapidly_that many people are afraid to go out travelling.单项填空1At first，the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country，but halfway in her speech，she suddenly_to another subject.Afavored Bswitched Cagreed Dcame答案B解析句意为：演讲人一开始谈的是这个国家的污染问题，但讲到一半时她突然转移到另一个话题。switch作不及物动词时，后接介词to，意为“转到，改变”。favor赞成；agree同意；e来，都不能表达出“转移话题”的意义。2Life is tough in the city.In order to lose their_，some people drink alcohol.(上海高考)Atemper Bmood Cconsciousness Dpressure答案D解析句子表示“释放压力”之意。temper脾气；mood情绪；consciousness意识，都不符合句意。3We have received a_from the college to play them at football.Aceremony Bchallenge Cgift Dsuccess答案B解析句意为：我们已经接受了与这所大学踢足球的挑战。receive a challenge指“接受挑战”。ceremony仪式；gift礼物；success成功，均不符合句意。4The university_400 students this summer.Agraduated Bgraduated from Cgraded Dgraded from答案A解析句意为：今年夏天，这所大学有400名学生毕业。graduate作及物动词时，主语一般是学校，意为“准予毕业”；作不及物动词时，常构成：sb. graduate from.某人从毕业。grade sb./sth. by/according to sth.根据某事给某人(事)分级别(等级)。5Trips to various places of interest will_by our school.Aorganize Bform Cbe organized Dbe formed答案C解析句意为：我们学校将安排参观各个旅游点。organize同trip之间存在着被动关系。6Sarah，hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to_before the party.Aget changed Bget change Cget changing Dget to change答案A解析get done表示被动意义，get changed换衣服。7Dont_.Advertisements are also wonderful.Aswitch over Bswitch on Cturn on Dturn over答案A解析句意为：不要换频道，广告也很精彩。switch over转换频道，符合句意。8What difference will it_whether he knows it or not?Ahave Bmake Cget Dtake答案B解析句意为：他知不知道很重要吗？考查固定短语make a difference。9Would you like me_ the radio a bit?No，its all right.Im used to_ with the radio_.(2011泉州调研)Ato turn up；work；onBto turn down；working；offCturning up；working；offDto turn down；working；on答案D解析由句意可知，应是“我习惯于听着收音机工作”，因此，不必调低音量。10She thought it was worthwhile for her to teach in the small village to make a_to the life of the children there.Adifference Bsense Cstudy Ddiscovery答案A解析考查固定短语make a difference to sb.“对某人来说有影响”。11It was_weather that everyone wanted to go outing.Aso fine Bsuch fine Cso a fine Dsuch a fine答案B解析修饰不可数名词时，一般只能用such，不用so(除非不可数名词前有much，little)。12The last one_pays the meal.Agreed!Aarrived Barrives Cto arrive Darriving答案C解析当名词或代词之前有first，second等序数词或者last修饰时，其后用不定式作定语。13Some passengers plain it usually_so long to fill in the travel insurance documents.Acosts Btakes Cspends Dspares答案B解析take表示“花费”，往往只用于表示时间，常构成it takes sb.time to do sth.或sth. takes sb. time 或sb. takes time to do sth.；cost常构成sth. cost sb. money；spend的主语必须是人，常构成sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth/on sth.；spare意为“抽出，匀出”，常构成spare sth./sb. for sb./sth.或spare (sb.) sth.。14When day broke，we found ourselves_ on the shore.Alying Blain Clay Dto lie答案A解析lying和ourselves之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾补。15They use puters to keep the traffic _ smoothly.Abeing run Brun Cto run Drunning答案D解析句意为：他们用电脑使交通运转顺畅。keep宾语宾补， 此处traffic与run之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾补。.完形填空It was a cool October evening.Excitement and family members _1_the hall.I was only a 7yearold girl，but I was the center of _2_.Finally，after weeks of preparation，I would _3_all my hard work in a dance performance.Everything would be _4_ so I thought.I waited backstage all _5_in my black tights with a golden belt.In a loud and clear voice，the master of ceremonies_6_that my class was next.My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet，facing the_7_.All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box.It really was an_8_move.I was concentrating so much on_9_the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look_10_I was going.I missed my partners box altogether and_11_.There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes.I could hear giggles(咯咯笑) ing from the audience，and I felt the _12_rush to my face.I remembered my dance teacher had told us，“If you make a mistake，keep smiling so the audience will not _13_”. I did my best to follow her_14_as I continued with the routine.When the curtain dropped，so did my_15_for the evening.I_16_bitterly，tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face.I ran backstage，but no one could _17_me down.Recently I realized I had been a_18_that night.I was_19_，but I fought the urge to run off the stage._20_，I finished the routine with a smile on my face.Now when friends and family laugh about the time I slipped during a dance performance，I can laugh too.内容解读这是一篇记叙文。作者在7岁时参加了一次舞蹈表演，尽管做了充分的准备，但还是发生了意想不到的事情：失足落地。但她按照老师以前所说的当你出现失误时，保持微笑，观众就不会注意到顺利地完成了剩下的表演。1A.filled Bvisited Cattended Ddecorated答案A解析考查动词辨析。演出大厅里面坐满了看演出的观众(家人)，大家都很兴奋，所以选fill，意为“充满”。2A.pressure Bimpression Cdebate Dattention答案D解析考查名词辨析。the center of attention意为“关注的焦点”。尽管“我”只是一个7岁的孩子，但“我”是大家关注的焦点。3A.take over Bshow off Clook after Dgive up答案B解析考查动词短语辨析。show off在这里表示“展示”。经过数周的准备，“我”将在一个舞蹈表演中展示(这段时间来)“我”所有的努力。A项意为“接管”；C项意为“照顾，照看”；D项意为“放弃”。4A.reasonable Bsuitable Cobvious Dperfect答案D 解析考查形容词辨析。从上文可知，作者已经做了充分的准备，所以她认为一切将万无一失，因此用perfect(完美的)。A项意为“合理的”；B项意为“合适的”；C项意为“明显的”。5A.dressed up Bfolded up Ccovered up Dmixed up答案A解析考查动词短语辨析。dress up意为“装扮”，符合语境。“我”在后台等着演出，穿着黑色的紧身衣，搭配一条金黄色的腰带。fold up意为“把折叠起来”；cover up意为“掩盖”；mix up意为“混淆”。6A.suggested Bexplained Cannounced Dpredicted答案C解析考查动词辨析。这里是主持人宣布演员上场，所以要用announced。7A.music Baudience Ccurtain Dstage答案B解析考查名词辨析。站在舞台上，面对的自然应该是台下的观众，所以要用audience(观众)。8A.easy Bactive Cadventurous Dextra答案A解析考查形容词辨析。作者已经做了充分的准备，再加上前面对这个动作的描述，可知这个动作非常简单，所以选A项。B项意为“活跃的”；C项意为“充满危险的”；D项意为“附加的，额外的”。9A.containing Bhiding Csharing Dkeeping答案D解析考查动词辨析。这里说的是“我”如此地集中精力于保持微笑和头部的动作，以至于没有看自己的脚移动的方向，结果没有踩上同伴的木箱，滑倒在地上。keep意为“保持”，符合语境。10A.why Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat答案C解析考查语境化选词。这里指的是自己的脚移动的方向，所以要用where。11A.wandered Bslipped Cwaved Dskipped答案B解析考查动词辨析。这里指的是“我”没有踩到木箱，脚下一滑，就跌倒了。文章最后一段最后一句也有提示。A项意为“漫游”；C项意为“挥手”；D项意为“跳”。12A.blood Bpleasure Cpride Dtear答案A解析考查名词辨析。由常识和语境可知，在舞台上出现了失误，应该是很尴尬，脸涨得通红，所以这里应该选择blood。“我”感到血液迅速涌向“我”的脸。13A.leave Bcheer Cbelieve Dnotice答案D解析考查动词辨析。notice意为“注意到”。句意为：我记得舞蹈老师曾经告诉我们，如果你在舞台上出现了失误，你仍要保持微笑，这样观众就不会注意到(你的失误)。14A.gesture Bexample Cadvice Dplan答案C解析考查名词辨析。上一句提到的是老师的一个建议，所以这里应该选advice。follow ones advice意思是“遵循某人的建议”。15A.doubts Bhopes Cvoice Dpatience答案B解析考查名词辨析。由下文语境可知，“我”的希望，也就是演出成功的希望随着幕布的落下而消失了，故选hopes。A项意为“疑问”；C项意为“声音”；D项意为“耐力，忍耐力”。16A.argued Bshouted Cbegged Dsobbed答案D解析考查动词辨析。由后半部分的“tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face”可以看出，“我”一下台就痛苦地啜泣起来，所以选D项，意思是“啜泣”。A项意为“争论”；B项意为“喊叫”；C项意为“乞求”。17A.turn Bcalm Clet Dput答案B解析考查动词辨析。从上文的描述可以看出，“我”的情绪失控了，所以很不冷静，因此这里要表达的意思是：没有人能使我冷静下来。calm down意为“使平静、冷静下来”。 turn down意为“拒绝”；let down意为“放下，使失望”；put down意为“放下”。18A.star Bpioneer Closer Dfool答案A解析考查语境化选词。“我”当时一直以为自己很失败，但从后面的描述来看，“我”现在意识到当时没有直接走下舞台，而是继续完成表演是成功的。所以四个选项中只有star(明星)符合语境。19A.satisfied Bmoved Cembarrassed Dconfused答案C解析考查语境化选词。这里描述的是当时在舞台上出现失误后的心情，自然应该是“尴尬的”，所以用embarrassed。A项意为“满意的”；B项意为“感动的”；D项意为“困惑的”。20A.However BInstead CIn total DIn return答案B解析instead代替，反而。相反，“我”仍然面带微笑地完成了表演。A项意为“然而”；C项意