2019-2020年高三英语二轮 备考抓分点透析专题2 形容词和副词.doc

2019-2020年高三英语二轮 备考抓分点透析专题2 形容词和副词【xx年高考命题预测】高考对形容词和副词的考查主要体现在：1、形容词、副词的用法及位置；2、形容词、副词词义辨析；3、形容词、副词的比较等级的修饰及常用句型。通过对近年来的高考题分析，xx年高考试题还应着重形容词和副词在具体语境中的词义辨析机器比较级的用法。【重难点突破】【概述】形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示他们的性质、状态或特征；副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等，使他们的意思更清楚、更准确，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。一、 形容词和副词的基本用法1、 形容词主要作定语、表语、补语。（xx浙江卷）16My schedule is very _right now ,but Ill try to fit you in【A】Atight Bshort Cregular Dflexible2、副词在句中主要作状语。（xx浙江卷）13Ive been writing this report _for the last two weeks ,but it has to be handed it tomorrow【C】Afinally Bimmediately Coccasionally Dcertainly3、定语形容词与表语形容词A表语形容词：有的形容词一般只作表语，如表示健康状况的well, unwell, ill, faint，表示情感反应的glad, sorry, fond, worth, able，以a开头的afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。B定语形容词：通常只作定语的形容词，如起强调作用的only(唯一的), single(唯一的), certain(某一), certain(真正的), true(真正的), very(正是), live(活的), exact(准确的), present(在场的)，由名词等转化而来的wooden(木制的), woolen(羊毛制的), drunken(醉的), medical, daily, weekly, electric, former(前任的), some, any, little, many, 及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等。4、形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语 形容词短语作定语时要后置。Students brave enoughto take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 表语形容词作定语要后置。All the people present at the party were his supporters. 形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，要位于后面。5、多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定词 (冠词；指示代词；形容词性物主代词；名词所有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)等。John Smith, a successful businessman, has a large white German car. 6、以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错： （错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如： The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。7、副词在句中的位置规律1)、副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。If I had a long enough holiday, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. 2)、频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放be动词之后。3) 、表示地点的副词常放在句末；表示确定时间的副词放在句首或句末；表示方式的副词词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后，也可放在其它位置；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。After eating my dinner quickly，I went to the railway station to see my friend off.8、ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested / interesting; excited / exciting; frightened / frightening; surprised / surprising; pleased / pleasing; moved / moving; disappointed / disappointing等。Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents worried。9、用形容词表示类别和整体 1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如： The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。 2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如： The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。形容词、副词词义辨析1、兼有两种形式的副词 1） close与closely close意思是近；closely 意思是仔细地。例如： He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。 Watch him closely. 盯着他。 2） late 与lately late意思是晚；lately 意思是最近。例如： You have e too late. 你来得太晚了。 What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？ 3） deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地。例如： He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。 4） high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如： The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。 5） wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方。例如： He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。 6） free与freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地。例如： You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。 You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。三、形容词、副词的比较等级 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1） 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily2） 不规则变化原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbadworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest1）.“as+ adj./adv. +as或not so(as)+ adj./ adv. +as.”句型。该句型常用来描述两个比较对象的程度上的相似或不同(即平时说的“等级比较和不等级比较”)。 My puter is not so(as) expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的贵重。 2）.“as many/few+可数名词复数+as”或“as much/little(少的)+不可数名词+as”。前者描述数目上的接近，后者描述量的相近。You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。“Drink as much water as you can.”the doctor said to him.医生对他说到：“你要尽可能的多喝些水。” 3）.“主语+比较级+than any other”结构表示：主语所描述的事物比其他任何一个都比较级形式表示最高级含义。 Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。 注意：若比较范围不同，than后应用“any+可数名词的复数形式+其他”。China is larger than any countries in Africa.中国比非洲上的任何国家都大。 4）.诸如not, never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用，表示最高级含义。意为：再没有比更的了。 It is not a better idea.这是再好不过的一个办法了。 I cant agree more.5）.“形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义。 This kind of car is superior in quality to that.这种汽车的质量比那一种好得多(superior to意为：优于；胜过。) Li ping is three years senior to Liu Gang.李平比刘刚大三岁。(senior to意为：年长于；资格老于；地位高于。)6）.“no+比较级+than”结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定(可由neithernor结构来改写)。例如： Im no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻。(相当于Neither I nor you is foolish.) 7）.“not more+比较级+than”结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。This book is not more interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。(相当于The book is less interesting than that one.) 8）.“more+形容词+than+形容词”，意为：与其倒不如。Jack is more hard than clever.与其说杰克聪明，倒不如说他学习用功。9）.would ratherthan, preferto, prefer to dorather than这三个句型表示“宁愿而不愿；喜欢胜过；宁愿做而不愿做”含义。虽无比较级形式，但表示比较级含义。She would rather die than give in.她宁死不屈。He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。 10）.“The+比较级，the+比较级”。该结构意为“越，越”。The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 （错） He is more cleverer than his brother. （对） He is more clever than his brother. （对） He is clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 （错） China is larger than any country in Asia. （对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.【高考真题剖析】（xx四川卷）12How are your reccent trip to Sichuan?Ive never had one beforeAa pleasant Ba more pleasant Ca most pleasant Dthe most pleasant答案【B】本题考查形容词比较级表最高级。28. puters and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _ and more _, have reduced the need for face-to-face munications. （xx江西）A easily; efficient B easier; efficient C easy; efficiently D easily; efficiently答案：【B】考查形容词的比较级。 make +life+形容词, 而且后面为比较级, 所以说两个空同为形容词同为比较级【真题练习】（10福建）23. Volunteering is being popular in China. -Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.A. naturallyB. successfullyC. splendidlyD. increasingly23. 答案：D考点：副词辨析解析：-志愿活动现在在中国变得越来越受欢迎了。-是的，人们一直开始意识到帮助别人就是帮助他们自己。只要知道词义即可得出答案。A. 自然地，理所当然地；B. 成功地；C.华丽地，壮观地；D. 逐渐地，慢慢地32. Drunk driving, which was once a occurrence, is now under control.A. generalB. frequentC. normalD. particular32. 答案：B考点：形容词词义辨析解析：A.一般的；B.经常的；C.正常的；D.特别的。理解词义后，根据生活常识可以得出答案。10上海）26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours答案：C考点：此题考查复合形容词解析：数词+连字符+名词的用法,连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。意为“三小时的路程”（10安徽）31. _, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smileA. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtfulC. Honest and confident . D. Lighthearted and optimistic答案：D. 考点：本题考查形容词辨析。解析： Shy and cautious意为“害羞的谨慎的；sensitive and thoughtful意为“敏感的与体贴的”； Honest and confident“诚实的与自信的”； Lighthearted and optimistic意为“愉快的与乐观的”。句意为“愉快与乐观的她，是那种通过微笑把阳光撒给他人的女士。”（10湖南）22. Father goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there. A. hardly B. seldom C. sometimes D. never22. 答案：C考点：考查副词辨析。解析： A项意为“几乎不”，B项意为“很少”，C项意为“有时”，D项意为“从不”。句意为：“尽管父亲不喜欢去那儿，但他还是有时和我们一起去锻炼。”故选C项。（10江西）28 puters and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _ and more _, have reduced the need for face-to-face munications.A easily; efficient B easier; efficient C easy; efficiently D easily; efficiently答案：B考点：考察形容词的比较级。解析： make +life+形容词, 而且后面为比较级, 所以说两个空同为形容词同为比较级（10山东）35. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. plex答案:C考点：本题考查形容词意义辨析。解析：句意应为“在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。”表示“灵活的”用flexible 。heavy 表示“沉重的”； smooth表示“光滑的，滑顺的”； plex表示“复杂的，难懂的”。（10天津）5. People have always been about exactly how life on earth began.A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful答案：A. 考点：考查形容词的意义和用法。句意：人们一直对于地球生命的起源感到好奇。解析：根据介词about后面宾语从句的意义，可以确定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about 是“对感到好奇”的意思。 （10四川）12The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too Asmall Bfew C1arge Dmany答案：C考点：考查形容词的用法。解析： the number of 意为“的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。又据句意学校被移出了市中心，应该是学生的数量变得太大了，故选C。（10全国）23. Ill spend half of my holiday practicing English and _ half learning drawing.A. another B. the other C. others D. other 23题 答案：B句意：我将会用假期一半的时间练习英语，另外一般时间练习画画。解答：此题考察another, the other, other, others的形容词用法区别。other一般不单独使用，其前经常有冠词或其他形容词，如B选项的the other，one.the other.，用于一个整体的两部分“一个另一个”，题干中将假期分成两部分，一部分用来学英语，一部分用来画画，符合题意。another用作形容词时表示“又，再”，others没有此种用法。（陕西）22. Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before puter screens for long hours. A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure A.【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。所填词做表语，主语是人，由more来修饰，意思是：可能，选A。其中四个选项中possible和probable也都“可能的”之意，但他们做表语时主语只能是物，sure在此处意思不恰当。（10全国）13.The island is_attrative in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.A.partly B.merely C.nearly D.equally答案：D解析：考查副词词义。只要知道词义即可选出答案，该题较为简单。A, 部分的 B 只不过 C 几乎 D 同样的，相等的。20.Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been_.A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular答案：B【解析】考查比较级的使用否定比较级相当于肯肯定。类似的还有too, enough。（0湖北）23. In this lecture, I can only give you a purely view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.A. private B. personal C. unique D. different答案：B考点：形容词词义辨析解析：根据词义可以快速排除A和D。A表示“独特的”，D表示“不同的”，只有B和C比较接近。 “private”表示“私人的，私下的， “personal”表示“个人的”， personal view才能表示“个人观点”24. Mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake bees .A. favorable B. precious C. essential D. worthwhile答案：D考点：形容词词义辨析，同时也涉及到构词法解析： “worthwhile”表示“值得的，有价值的”表示犯错误是值得的。A表示“喜爱的，赞同的”，B“珍贵的”C“本质的”，只要知道词义，并联系生活常识，该题还是很容易得出答案的。25. If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my reaction will be to tell the police.A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudden 答案：B考点：考查形容词词义辨析解析：根据词义可得出答案。 “physical”表示“身体的”； “sudden”表示“突然的”； “sensitive”表示“敏感的”，只有 “immediate”表示“立刻，马上”，等同于 “at once”.故选B26. I wasnt blaming anyone; I said errors like this could be avoided.A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly答案: A考点：考查副词词义辨析解析：这道题可能会让一部分同学郁闷一小下。形近词的辨析历来是备受考试青睐的一种考法。乍一眼看上去，这四个词都是以ly结尾，又都是6个字母组成，实在难以辨识。此时的考生，需要冷静下来。分析这里的每 个副词分别是由哪个形容词变化而来，而其形容词的含义实际上和其副词的含义相差无几。“most”（大部分），所以“mostly”(大部分地，通常地)； “near”（临近）“nearly”（几乎）= almost； rare（稀有的）“rarely”（很少地，几乎不）；“mere”（仅仅，只 不过）“merely”（仅仅，只不过）。全句意思“我并没有责 怪任何人，我只是说类似这种错误是可以避免的”。（10辽宁）23.Jim went to answer the phone. _, Harry started to prepare lunch.A. However B. Nevertheless C. Besides D. Meanwhile答案：D句意：吉姆去接电话，与此同时，哈里开始准备午餐。解析：考查副词用法。前后两个句子是相同的语义关系，在时间上表示同时，所以用meanwhile。27.We only had 100 and that was _ to buy a new puter.Anowhere near enough Bnear enough nowhereCenough near nowhere Dnear nowhere enough答案：A句意：我们只有100美元，他怎么也不够买一台新电脑的。解析：考查副词用法。nowhere near是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough做副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。（10浙江）6I have been convinced that the print media are usually more and more reliable than television. Aaccurate Bridiculous CurgentDshallow 答案：A考点：本题考查形容词辨析。解析：分析四个选项的意思：accurate 精确的；ridiculous可笑的，滑稽的；urgent紧急的；shallow浅的，肤浅的。根据句意：我确信印刷媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。11Do you think shopping online will take the place of shopping in stores?Aespecially BfrequentlyCmerely Dfinally答案：D考点：本题考查副词辨析。解析：分析四个选项的意思：especially 特别，尤其；frequently经常，merely仅仅，finally最终。根据语境：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？19. Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isnt it rather risky, _? A. though B. also C. either D. too 答案：A考点：本题考查副词辨析。解析：根据句意：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然会不会有危险呢？前后两句之前是明显的转折关系，所以选择though。 1（xx江西卷）24-The film is , I have to say, not a bit interesting-Why? Its _ than the films I have ever seen【A】Afar more interesting Bmuch less interestingCno more interesting Dany less interesting（xx四川卷）12How are your recent trip to Sichuan?Ive never had one before【B】Aa pleasant Ba more pleasant Ca most pleasant Dthe most pleasant（xx全国II）17MrStevenson is great to work for-I really couldnt ask for aboss【A】Abetter Bgood Cbest Dstill better（xx陕西卷）17The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one【B】Aas three times big as Bthree times as big asCas big as three times Das big three times as（xx湖北卷）23The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was_，though slow【D】Ashaky Bheavy Ccasual Dsteady（xx湖北卷）24An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons characters however, they are not always_,【C】Apractical BavoidableCpermanent Dbeneficial（xx湖北卷）25,The state-run pany is required to make its accounts as_ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money【A】Atransparent Breasonable Csecurer Dformat（xx江苏卷）25In that school, English is pulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _【C】AspecialBregionalCoptionalDoriginal（xx浙江卷）9The professor could tell by the _look in Mariss eyes that she didnt understand a single word of his lecture【B】Acold Bblank Cinnocent Dfresh（xx浙江卷）16My schedule is very _right now ,but Ill try to fit you in【A】Atight Bshort Cregular Dflexible（xx福建卷）30Nowadays, increase in childrens creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents【A】Asharp Bslight Cnatural Dmodest（xx全国II）12It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is_ another to play it well yourself【A】Aquite Bvery Crather Dmuch（xx浙江卷）7Since people are fond of humor ,it is as wele in conversation as_ else【C】Aanything Bsomething Canywhere Dsomewhere（xx浙江卷）13Ive been writing this report _for the last two weeks ,but it has to be handed it tomorrow【C】Afinally Bimmediately Coccasionally Dcertainly（xx安徽卷）24To be great, you proper must be smart, confident, and, _, honest【B】Atherefore Babove all Chowever D after（xx安徽卷）31_, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end【C】AHopefully BNormally CThankfully DConveniently巩固练习1.Themodernmachineproved_inheartsurgery. a.highvaluableb.highlyvaluablec.valuablehighd.valuablehighly 2.Mr.Johnsonandhis_daughterdonotalwaysunderstandeachother. a.olderb.theoldestc.eldestd.theeldest 3.They_thoughtthatthetruthwouldbefinallydiscovered. a.littleb.notc.smalld.bit 4.Theyhardlybelievethattheapartmentwhichcoststhem$4,000is_. a.sosmallb.suchlittlec.solittled.suchsmall 5.Ifaclaimiskept_,itismorelikelytoberecognized. a.liveb.livedc.alived.living6.Onhiswaytoschoolhemet_,sohesenthimtohospital. a.veryillmanb.muchsickmanc.seriousillmand.verysickman 7.Shewasoperatedamonthagobutnowshewas_. a.verygoodb.verywellc.healthyd.goodconditioned 8.WhatIwoulddoistogo_. a.reallyquietlysomewhereb.somewherequietlyreally c.reallyquietsomewhered.somewherereallyquiet 9.Thechairmanasked_towritetheirquestionsonapieceofpaperandsendthemtothefront. a.thepresentmembersb.thememberspresently c.thememberspresentd.thepresentlymembers 10.Thepricewasveryreasonable;Iwouldgladlyhavepaid_heasked. a.threetimesmuchasb.threetimesasmanyas c.asthreetimesmuchasd.threetimesasmuchas11.Thetrousersare_,butTomdoesnotcareabit. a.tooalittlesmallb.alittletoosmallc.atoolittlesmalld.asmalltoolittle 12.Sheworeadresstothepartythatwasfarmoreattractivethan_. a.othergirlsb.thatofothergirlsc.theothergirlsd.thoseofothergirls 13.hecanplaytennisbetterthan_intheclass. a.anyboysb.anyotherboyc.anyboyd.anyother 14.Kasiaistakingher_touroftheshopsinsearchofbargains. a.dailyb.dayc.daytimed.night 15._thechildexpresseshisinterestinanactivity,thestrongeritwillbee. a.Themorefrequentb.Thefrequenterc.Themorefrequentlyd.thefrequentlier 16.Wedbetterwait_,PeterandTomwilleverysoon. a.alittlelongerb.morelongerc.longd.aslonger 17.althoughthemedicinetastes_,itseemstohelpmycondition. a.badb.badlyc.toomuchbadd.toobadly 18.Whenshegotherfirstmonthsalary,Dianaboughtherself_dress. a.acotton,blueexpensiveb.anexpensiveblue,cotton c.ablue,expensivecottond.acotton,expensiveblue 19.Thedoctorshavetried_tosavethelifeofthewoundedsoldier. a.everythingpossiblehumanlyb.humanlyeverythingpossible c.everythinghumanlypossibled.humanlypossibleeverything20.IwasworriedverymuchbecauseIllmissmyflightifthebusarrives_. a.latelyb.latec.latterd.morelater 21.Thenoiseoutsidewas_hisspeechwashardlyaudible. a.too