2019-2020年高考英语独立主格结构精讲精练.doc

2019-2020年高考英语独立主格结构精讲精练独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：(1). Such being the case, I couldnt help but support him.(2). Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper following it closely.(3). Weather permitting, they decided to go for an outing.(4). There being no buses, we had to walk home after work yesterday.(5). The thief fell to the ground, his left foot broken and blood running down from his mouth.(6). Time permitting, we could have done it better.(7). It being noisy, she couldnt make herself heard clearly.(8). It being too late, he couldnt find himself any taxis.(9). It being fine, we will go climbing.(10). The Greens has been broken into three times, each resulting in their great loss.(11)The thieves ran away separately, each carrying a bag.1. _no bus, we had to walk home.A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was2. _no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there being B. As there was C. Being D. There was3. _Sunday, the library doesnt open. A. Being B. There being C. It being D. Having been4. _Sunday, the library doesnt open.A. As it being B. Being C. It is D. As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：(1). His eyes still fixed on the map, he did some serious thinking.(2). The boy stood at the table, his eyes fixed on the food in the plate.(3). The job finished, we went home straight away. (4). The sum added, we will have enough money for the trip.(5). The actress looked pure and fresh, dressed in a white shirt and army trousers, her hair done up in pigtails.1. _, the train starteD. A. The signal given B. Giving the signal C. The signal being given D. The signal giving2. _, the train starteD. A. After having given the signal B. After the signal given C. Giving the signal D. After the signal was given3. _, the text became easier for us to learn. A. Explaining new words B. New words explained C. Being explained new words D. Having explained new words4. _, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explained B. Explaining new words C. New words explaining D. Being explained new words3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主系表”结构。如：(1). He entered the room, his nose red with colD. (2). He sat in the front row,his mouth half open.(3). Dinner over, we decided to play bridge.(4). Father away, he played games with his friends.1. _, the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditions B. Conditions better C. Conditions are better D. Being better conditions2. _, the patient can leave the hospital.A. If better conditions B. If conditions better C. If conditions are better D. Being better conditions3. _, wed like to go outing.A. Being Sunday B. Sunday OK C. Sunday is OK D. If Sunday OK4. _, wed like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OK B. Sunday being OK C. Sunday OK D. A,B and C5. _, you can wait a while.A. The play being still on B. The play still on C Being still on the play D. A and B6. _, so you can wait a whileA. The play is still on B. The play being still on C. As the play is still on D. The play still on4、逻辑主语+介词短语 该结构相当于不带动词的“主系介词短语”结构。如：(1). -Can I help you? -Id like to buy a presend for my fathers birthday, one at a proper price but of great value.(2). In half an hour Delia came, her right hand in bandage.(3). Book in hand, Mr Smith came in.(4). Gun on shoulder, the soldiers are marching on.1. The boy followed the nobleman here, _.A. a sword in hand B. a sword in his hand C. being a sword in hand D. sword in hand2. The boy followed the nobleman here _.A. with a sword in his hand B. with a sword in hand C. with a sword being in hand D. a sword being in hand3. He left the office, _.A. tears being in eyes B. tears in eyes C. being tears in eyes D. with tears being in eyes4. He left the office _.A. with tears being in eyes B. with tears in his eyes C. being tears in eyes D. tears being in eyes5、逻辑主语+名词(1). A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of them ( being ) women. 独立主格结构, and most of them are women. 并列句; most of them are women. 并列句, most of whom are women. 定语从句(2). The doctor has two daughters, one a nurse, the other an engineer.二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：1). _ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There being B. As there was C. There was D. A and B2). _Sunday, the library doesnt open.A. It being B. As it is C. Being D. A and B3). _, I had to ask for two days leave.A. Mother being ill B. Mother ill C. As mother was ill D. A,B and C4). _, we have to work late into the night.A. The exam near B. The exam being near C. As the exam is near D. A,B and C2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。如：1). _, the train started. A. The signal given B. After the signal was given C. Given the signal D. A and B2). _, the text became easier for us to learn. A. New words explained B. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new words D. all above3、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：1). _, well go to visit the Great Wall.A. Weather permitting B. If weather permits C. If permitting D. A and B2). _, the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in time B. The treatment in time C. The treatment being in time D. A,B and C4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：1). We have lessons every day, _. A. Sunday included B. Sunday including C. Sunday is including D. all the above2). The boy fell asleep,_.A. cap on head B. with a cap on head C. a cap was on head D. all the above3). Father came home,_A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed by a dog D. all the abovewith + 复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法 “with + 复合宾语”结构是指“with +宾语（名词或代词）+形容词或副词、非谓语动词（分词、不定式）等”所构成的一种介词短语。He likes to sleep with the door open.The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery.With production up by 60%, The pany has had another excellent year.The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down.It was quiet night, with the moon high up in the sky.The woman walked along the river with his head down.She said it with tears in her eyes.He sat there thinking with his chin on his hand. With tears of joy in her eyes, she saw her daughter married. The soldier stood guard with a rifle in his hand. It being hot last summer, he slept with the windows open at night.She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only panion.He died with his daughter yet a school girl.She stood there chatting with her friends, with her daughter playing beside her.He sat there alone, with tears streaming down his cheeks.With the exams ing next week, I have no time for a social life.With other conditions being equal, the pressure remains constant.Without anyone noticing, he slipped out of the room.The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.With his wallet stolen, Mr Hill dare not return home to face his wife.With all she needed bought, she left the supermarket happily.She listened to the music of Mozart With her face bathed in tears.I sat in my room for a few evenings, with my eyes glued to a book.You can use a large plastic bottle, with its top cut off, as a pot to grow young plants in.The hero walked towards the top of the hill, with his arms tied behind himself.He cant go to see the film with a lot of work to do.With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed. With ten minutes to go, youd better hurry.该结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来（无论主动还是被动），则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续主动动作，则用现在分词。该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：1、原因状语1. With the man _ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A. to guide B. guiding C. guided D. to have guide2. With a lot of work_, she doesnt have time to rest. A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. done3. With the machine _all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A. to work B. worked C. working D. being working2、时间状语1. The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _.A. are on B. on C. to be on D. been on2. With our problem _, we all felt happy.A. to settle B. to be settled C. settled D. being settled3. With his work_, the secretary began to walk home.A. to do B. doing C. done D. to be done3、伴随状语1. She left the offices with tears _.A. in her eyes B. in eyes C. being in eyes D. to be in eyes2. The man found the door with both his eyes _.A. to be closed B. being closed C. closed D. closing3. We felt unfortable with two waitresses_. A. standing by B. to be standing by C. stood by D. being standing by4. The murderer was brought in, with his hands_. A. to be tied behind B. tied behind C. tying behind D. being tied behind5. You cant see well _.A. with the glasses on B. being on the glasses C. with the glasses to be on D. with the glasses 4、后置定语1. Do you know the man _ a book in his hand? A. with B. having C. being D. A and B2. Please offer your seat to the woman _ a baby in her arms.A. carrying B. having C. with D. all the above分词、独立主格和“with + 复合宾语”作状语的区别分词结构、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。分词短语在句中常作以下状语：1、原因状语1. _late, we had to walk home. A. Being B. As we were C. We being D. A and B2. _ busy, they had no time to play. A. As they were B. Being C. Because they were D. all the above2、时间状语1. _ the students homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A. When he was correcting B. When he corrected C. Correcting D. all the above2. _by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.A. When you are praised B. Praised C. When praised D. all the above3、条件状语1. _ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper.A. If he is given B. If given C. Given D. all the above2. _ another chance, Ill do my job better.A. If I have B. If having C. Having D. all the above4、伴随状语1. Father came back, _ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A. carrying B. he was carrying C. and carrying D. all the above2. Father came back, _ by a monkey.A. and he was followed B. followed C. and was followed D. all the above二、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：1. _, well go fishing in the country.A. Permitting weather B. Weather permitted C. Weather permitting D. Permitting2. _, he finished playing the game of chess.A. His eyes closing B. With his eyes closed C. Closing his eyes D. Closed his eyes3. _, I couldnt get the book I wanted. A. Closed B. Library closed C. Closing library D. With library closing三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列连词（如and, but, or, so等）。例如：1. _, the teacher told the class to go through the text A. Checking the answers B. Checking the answers andC. When checking the answers and D. all the above2. _a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.A. It being B. Being C. It was D. all the above3. As_a little sick, he remained at the clinic. A. feeling B. he felt C. he felling D. all the above四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。 1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Lost B. As he was lost C. He lost D. A and B 2. _for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.A. Waiting B. When he was waiting C. As he was waiting D. all the above2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构或从句。如：1. The soldier fell asleep _.A. with the candle burning B. burning the candleC. when he was burning the candle D. when burning the candle2. _, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful. A. Being on B. When being onC. With all the lights on D. When it turns on all the lights3. _ the notice, he had an idea. A. When he was watching B. Watching C. When watching D. all the above4. _ the notice, an idea came to his mind. A. When he was watching B. Watching C. When watching D. all the above案例探究1. ()_,there is no school.A. It is Sunday B. It was Sunday C. It will be Sunday D. It being Sunday2. ()_,all the students ran out of the classroom.A. Class was over B. Class is over C. Class over D. When class over3. ()_,everything has changed. A. Time goes on B. Time going on C. As time going on D. With time went on4. ()He was lying on the grass, his hands_ under his head. A. crossing B. crossed C. was crossing D. were crossed5. ()The storm_ their house, they had to live in a cave.A. destroyed B. destroying C. having destroyed D. being destroyed6. ()He entered the room, _.A. his nose was red with cold B. and his nose red with coldC. his nose red with cold D. his nose been red with cold7. .()Here are the first two volumes, the third one_ next month.A. to e out B. ing out C. will e out D. having e out8. .()All things_, I think we ought to give the job to Mike.A. considering B. considered C. having considered D. are considered9. .()_ ,they will go and visit the zoo.A. Weather permitting B. Weather permittedC. Weather being permitted D. Weather having permitted10. .()The problem_ ,they all went home happily.A. settling B. to be settled C. settled D. to settle11. ()A lot of work_ ,he had no time to talk with us.A. done B. to do C. doing D. to be doing12. Everyone_ their seats, the meeting began.A. taken B. taking C. having taken D. to take 13. He stood there, his hands_ behind. A. tying B. tied C. were tying D. were tied 14. _, Mother had to stay at home and looked after him.A. Being ill B. He was ill C. Tom being ill D. To be ill 独立主格结构链接:1. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. xx. 山东卷Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched 2. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. 07. 重庆A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished3. There are a lot of stars existing in space,most of _ are unknown to us. Band most of _ are unknown to us. D most of _being unknown to us. DA. who B. which C that D them4. Anderson entered the classroom,_ book in _ hanD. A. /; his B. /; / C. a; / D. a; the5. He left, his sweetheart _ very lonely. A. felt B. feels C. has felt D. feeling6. Mr. Black left for Beijing this morning, his secretary _ him there this Friday.A. would join B. joined C. joining D. to join7. . _ at hand, he had to borrow some to buy his wife a present.A. There was no money B. There being no money C. Being no money D. Not been money8. A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, _.A. most of them women B. most of whom women C. and most of whom are women D. most them are women9. .The final exam _ , your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music. A. drawing near B. draw near C. is drawing near D. is drew near10. . The thief was brought in, his hands _ behind his back.A. tying B. tied C. being tied D. having tied 11. So many students _ for the traffic jam, the exam had to be put off.A. were late B. been late C. has been late D. being late A. have been canceled B. had been canceled C. having been canceled D. being canceled12. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into a foreign language.A. them B. which C. it D. what13. We got near a garden, _ owner sitting in it. A. its B. whose C. that D. which 14. The fine day _ our pleasure, we had a good time in the country.A. added up B. added in C. added up to D. added to 15. I send you 10. 0 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 16. Our teacher entered the classroom, _.A. a book in hand B. book in hand C. book in his hand D. a book in hands17. There _ nothing to talk about, everyone in the room remained silent.A. was B. had C. being D. having 18. .The factory produced many famous cars, none of _ shipped to foreign countries.A. them B. which C. it D. what19. .The manager was very angry, for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterday, half of _ unqualified. A. them B. what C. which D. whom20. On Saturday evenings guests are entertained in the garden, weather _.A. permits B. permit C. permitting D. permitted21. _, we decided to go for an outing.A. weather permitting B. The weather being so fine C. Had weather permitted D. If the weather is clear22. All flights_because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. having been cancelled B. had been cancelled C. have been cancelled D. being cancelled23. He was lying on the grass, his hands _ under his head. A. crossing B. being crossed C. crossed D. to cross“with + 复合宾语” 链接:1. Spider was up and standing at the door, with every hair of her body _.A. stood up B. on its end C. on end D. on the end2. With the weather conditions _, they flew to London immediately.A. taken account into B. taken into account C. taking account into D. taking into account3. _ the production up by 60%, the pany has had another excellent year. A. For B. As C. Because D. With4. With too many construction projects _ all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country plained a lot.A. sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking5. e on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. xx. 福建卷A. filledB. filling