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2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材课文要点Module5ALessoninaLab语篇解题微技巧外研版必修细节理解题之数字计算题(阅读理解)方法指导在阅读理解中,对于细节理解中的数字计算题可采用“三步解题法”。首先,明确题干要求,锁定原文相关信息。然后,对相关信息或数字进行分析和理解。最后,利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算,确定答案。典例引领 Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information,especially numbers,percentages,and other data.A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret.That can be a lot more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data.Graphs can seem frightening,but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story.The graph has a title,a main idea,and supporting details.You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.Most graphs have a few basic parts:a caption or introduction paragraph,a title,a legend or key,and labeled axes.An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data.Captions will usually tell you where the data came from(for example,a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to xx).Captions usually summarize the authors main point as well.The title is very important.It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown.A legend,also called a key,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.Many graphs,including bar graphs and line graphs,have two axes that form a corner.Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph.Each axis will always have a label.The label tells you what each axis measures.Bar GraphsA bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts.In Graph 1,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned,and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade.You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement.There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).Line GraphsA line graph looks similar to a bar graph,but instead of bars,it plots points and connects them with a line.It has the same parts as a bar graphtwo labeled axesand can be read the same way.To read a line graph,its important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points.This type of graph is most monly used to show how something changes over time.Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration(See Graph 2).The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days.The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers.Thus we can see that,on the first day,the pipit flew 20 kilometers.The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled down,as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before.This line graph is a quick,visual way to tell the reader about the birds migration.Pie GraphsA typical pie graph looks like a circular pie.The circle is divided into sections,and each section represents a fraction of the data.The graph is monly used to show percentages;the whole pie represents 100 percent,so each piece is a fraction of the whole.A pie graph might include a legend, or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows one months expenses(See Graph 3).Food $25Movies $121.When used in a graph, a legend is.A.a guide to the symbols and colorsB.an introduction paragraphC.the main ideaD.the data2.What is the total number of students who earned a C or better? A.4.B.6.C.10.D.20.3.The bird covered the longest distance on.A.Day 1B.Day 2C.Day 3D.Day 44.Which of the following cost Amy most?A.Food.B.Books.C.Movies.D.Clothing.方法运用 语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。图表是统计、分析数据时非常有用的工具,本文主要介绍了图表的相关信息,包括:柱状图、线状图和饼状图。1.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A legend, also called a key, is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.”可知A项正确。2.D推理判断题。根据Graph 1可以看出,获得A的人数为6,获得B的人数为10,获得C的人数为4,由此可知获得C或者C以上的人数为20。3.C细节理解题。根据Graph 2可以看出,在第三天(Day 3),鸟儿飞行的距离最远,达到了70千米,故C项正确。4.D细节理解题。根据Graph 3可以看出,Amy花在服装上的钱最多,达到了36美元,故D项正确。
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