2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习专题4.2Workingtheland讲含解析.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习专题4.2Workingtheland讲含解析项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1struggle vt. vi.斗争；拼搏；努力2output n产量；输出3hunger n饥饿；欲望hungry adj.饥饿的；有欲望的4expand vt. vi.使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n扩大；增加5circulate vt. vi.循环；流传circulation n循环流通6battle n战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt. vi.搏斗；奋斗7therefore adv.因此；所以；因而8equip vt. vi.配备；装备equipment n设备(不可数)9export vt. vi.输出；出口import vt. vi.输入；入口；进口10nationality n国籍nation n国家；民族national adj.国家的；国有的11occupation n工作；职业；占领occupy vt.占领12confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难confusing adj.令人迷惑的confused adj.感到迷惑的confusion n迷惑13regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n遗憾；懊悔regretful adj.后悔的14chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的chemistry n化学chemist n化学家；药剂师15bacteria n(bacterium的复数形式)细菌16reduce vt.减少；缩减；简化reduction n缩小；减少17summary n总结；摘要；概要summarize vt.总结18ment n评论；议论 vi. vt.表达意见；作出评论重点短语1thanks to幸亏；由于2rid.of 摆脱；除去3be satisfied with 对感到满意4would rather 宁愿；宁可5build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发6lead to 导致；造成7focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于8keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)； 使不含(有害物)9make a difference 造成差异，很重要10keep in mind 牢记在心11cause damage to 对造成危害12in addition 再者，还有13turn to 转向经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。2This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce onethird more of the crop in the same fields.这种特别的稻种使得同样的田地多收获1/3的产量。3Using his hybrid rices, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。4He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。必备语法（高级句型）动词的时态和语态（2）要点如下：1. 时间： 8月20日至8月31日；2. 参加人员：教师1人，学生30 人 ；3. 希望Peter带你参观该市的足球俱乐部。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Peter,_Yours，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Peter, How time flies! Its almost a year since you returned to Sweden. I really treasure the good memories and the days when you stayed with us. Luckily, well be meeting very soon.As planned, a group of 30 students, acpanied by one teacher, will pay a return visit to your school this summer. Happily enough, I will be among them. We will start our journey in July. During our 12-day stay in your city, we will take part in some activities in your school and do some city tours.By the way, as I was told that Swedens best football team is in your town, would you show me around the club if its convenient for you?Yours,Li Hua语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1struggle n vi.斗争；拼搏；努力【教材原句】Indeed，his sunburnt face and arms and his slim，strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟千百万中国农民一模一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。【例句研读】（1）With more and more fastfood concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention.随着越来越多的快餐理念进入市场，“Sparrow”的菜单不得不为争取注意力而斗争。（2）We have to struggle_with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难做斗争。（3）He struggled to his feet and dragged slowly ahead.他挣扎着站起来缓慢地前行。【归纳拓展】struggle with/against 与搏斗/斗争struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取struggle through 奋力通过struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事with a struggle 费劲地【即时巩固】(1)They had to _ _ their lives _ weather and wild animals.为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。(2)They had to _ _ all kinds of difficulties.他们得和各样的困难作斗争。(3)She _ _ _ _ _ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。(4)_ _ _ _， the old woman gained control of her business.经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。 考点2rid vt.摆脱；除去【教材原句】Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。【例句研读】(1) Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine.很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。(2) The dentist rid_him_of the pain by taking out his bad tooth.牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。(3)Its time we got rid of all these old toys.我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。【归纳拓展】be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事be free of. 摆脱【即时巩固】(1)One day we will manage to _ _ _ _ this terrible disease.总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。(2)You must _ _ _ these oldfashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。(3)Well have to _ _ _ him.我们必须摆脱他。(4)How can we _ _ _ all the flies in the kitchen?我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉？【答案】(1)rid the world of(2)rid yourself of(3)get rid of(4)get rid of考点3equip vt. vi.配备；装备【教材原句】He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.因此，他资助几百万元供其他人进行农业研究。【例句研读】(1) The boys equipped themselves with torches and rope，and set off.男孩们带上火把和绳索后出发了。(2) His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。(3) Your education will equip you for your future life.你(所受)的教育将使你能适应今后的生活。【归纳拓展】equipment n. U装备；设备equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth. 装备有某物a piece of equipment 一件设备【即时巩固】(1)Our classroom _ _ _ a TV set and a tape recorder.我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。(2)A good education should _ _ _ _.良好的教育能使你受用终生。(3)Our school has been given _ _ _.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。考点4regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n遗憾；懊悔【教材原句】His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.他父亲说他从来不后悔送他儿子到国外学习。【例句研读】(1) I have always regretted not having studied hard at school.我一直后悔在校期间没有努力学习。(2) I regret to inform you that your contract will not be renewed.我很遗憾地通知你，你的合同将不予续签。(3)To my great regret，we have no much time left to discuss the problem.我感到遗憾的是我们没有多少时间讨论这个问题了。【归纳拓展】refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝to ones regret 令人遗憾的是feel regretful for.对感到后悔express regret for/at/over sth. 对表示遗憾regretn./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事regretthatclause 后悔，遗憾regret to say/tell/inform. 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知Its much to be regretted that. 令人遗憾的是【即时巩固】(1)He regretted _ _ careless.He regretted _ _ _ _ careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。(2)I regret _ _ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。(3)_ _ _ _， I must leave now. 令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard _ _ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。考点5reduce vt.减少，缩减【例句研读】(1) Now the costs of a bike have been reduced to 50 dollars.现在一辆自行车的成本已降低到50美元。(2) It is proper that housing prices reduce by 10%.房价降低10%是适当的。【归纳拓展】reduce ones expenditure 减少某人的开支be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce to. 降至reduce by. 减少了【即时巩固】(1)He persuaded them to _ the price _ 1 000.他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。(2)Production costs have _ _ _ one third.生产成本下降了1/3。(3)The fire _ the forest _ a few trees.大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。【答案】(1)reduce to(2)been reduced by(3)reduced to考点6focus n(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点v(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦【归纳拓展】be in focus 焦距对准；清晰be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上focus sth. on (upon) sth.fix.on.使集中于be focused on/upon sth.be fixed on 集中于【即时巩固】(1)We should _ _ _ _ our study.我们应该把注意力放在学习上。(2)She felt all the eyes _ _ _ her.她觉得所有人都在注视着她。考点7ment vt.评论 n评论，意见，议论【例句研读】(1)Have you any ments on the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？(2)It created wide ment in the press.这引起报界广泛的评论。【归纳拓展】ask for ment 征求意见make ments on sth.评论某事No ment. 无可奉告。Without ment. 不必多说。ment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对发表意见ment(v.)thatclause评论【即时巩固】(1)He made some useful _ _ my work.他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。(2)He _ that it was an excellent film.他评论这部电影很精彩。【答案】 (1)ments on(2)mented重点短语精讲考点1build up逐渐增强；建立；开发【教材原句】Try and build up his confidence a bit.试试让他增加对自己的信心。【例句研读】(1) Our relationship is built on trust.我们的关系建立在互相信任的基础上。(2) The new plan will build on the success of the previous programme.这个新计划将以先前那个方案所取得的成功作为基础。(3) I could tell she was building up to some kind of announcement.我看得出她有什么事情准备向大家宣布。【归纳拓展】build up to为作准备build on建立在的基础上【即时巩固】写出下列句子中build up的含义(1)Slowly a thick layer of fat builds up on the pans surface.(2)Exercise will help build up the muscles.(3)They have finally built up a big pany.【答案】(1) 堆积（2）逐渐增强（3）建立考点2lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向【教材原句】Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.很多这类化学物质会引起癌症或其他疾病。【例句研读】（1）He decided to lead a new life after the unusual experience.这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。（2）Our scientists are leading the way in space research.我们的科学家在宇宙探索中处于领先地位。（3）This has led scientists to think about other solutions to the problem.这就使得科学家不得不想其他解决问题的方法。【归纳拓展】leadn.to sth. 引导到lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。(2)lead to 不用被动语态。(3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (result from) 是前果后因。【即时巩固】(1)The bank has offered a reward for any information _ the arrest of the men.银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。(2)What _ acting as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？【答案】(1)leading to(2)led you to take up考点3focus on/upon集中注意力于【教材原句】They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免于病害。【例句研读】(1) He focused his binoculars on the building opposite.他把双筒望远镜对准对面的建筑物。(2) Thank you，your view has brought the matter into_focus谢谢你，你的观点使问题清楚了。【归纳拓展】(1)focus/fix/concentrate ones attention on sth./doing sth.把注意力集中到某事/做某事focus sth. on sth.调节焦距对准(2)bring/throw sth. into focus使明朗化；使突出e into focus(某物)轮廓清晰；(问题)突出【即时巩固】【例句研读】(1)The _my camera isnt working properly.我照相机上的调焦装置有毛病。(2)Her beauty makes her_.她长得漂亮，很惹人注意。【答案】(1) focus on (2) the focus of attention 考点4. thanks to 由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末)【例句研读】Thanks to Jims warning, we avoided the accident.多亏吉姆的提醒，我们避免了一场事故。【归纳拓展】because of 因为；由于owing to 由于，因之缘故as a result of 作为的结果，由于due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)on account of 由于；因为【即时巩固】(1)I couldnt attend the meeting _ _ illness.我因病不能出席会议。(2)The delay was _ _ power failure.延滞是由于停电。【答案】(1)owing to(2)due to考点5. be satisfied with 对感到满意【例句研读】I was satisfied with the result.我对那个结果很满意。【归纳拓展】be satisfied that. 满意be satisfied to do 乐意干satisfy vt.满意；使满意satisfied adj. 感到满意的satisfying adj. 令人满意的satisfactory adj. 令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意，满足【即时巩固】(1)My parents try to _.我父母尽量满足我的需求。(2)There was _ on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(3)_，my boss agreed to my suggestion.很使我满意的是，老板同意了我的建议。考点6. keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等) 使不含(有害物) 【例句研读】Keep the table free from dirt by putting a cover over it.用个东西把桌子罩住，免得灰尘落在上面。【归纳拓展】free from 没有，免于，无之忧free of 无的；免于的，离开了的free sb./sth. from. 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放for freefree of charge 免费地，无偿地be free to do sth. 自由地做某事be free with sb. 对某人放肆free as the air 自由自在set sb. free 释放某人【即时巩固】(1)The lake _ pollution.这湖没有污染。(2)The secretary _ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。(3)Try to _ all prejudices.尽量消除一切偏见。【答案】 (1)is free of(2)was free from(3)free yourself from经典句型剖析考点1 省略句【教材原句】If_so，what did you do to grow them？如果是这样的话，你怎么来种植这些植物？【句法分析】if so“如果这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。【拓展归纳】if ever如果有过/发生过的话if any如果有的话if possible如果有可能if necessary如果有必要【例句研读】(1) If possible，try and go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。(2) If not，in a few years time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.如果不这样做的话，在几年之后，现在吸引游客的事物可能已经被破坏了。【即时巩固】_，Ill go there myself.如果必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。【答案】If necessary 考点2 would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”【教材原句】He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。【句法分析】(1)would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。Shall we dine out?Id rather stay at home.我们要不要出去吃饭？我宁愿留在家里。Id rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人。(2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。I would rather listen to others than talk myself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。 (3)would rather have done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气。I would rather have taken his advice yesterday.我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。(4)would rather 后接 that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。I would rather (that) he didnt e.我宁愿他没来。Id rather you told me the truth.我更愿意你给我讲实话。【即时巩固】(1)Would you mind my using your puter for a little while?_.ANo, please dont BId rather you didntCIm afraid not DSure, its my pleasure【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。Id rather you didnt. 常用来委婉拒绝别人的请求。 (2)I would rather _ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.Anot have watched Bnot watchChadnt watched Dhavent watched【答案】A考点3 What的用法【教材原句】Dr Yuan Longping grows what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。【句法分析】what is called super hybrid rice用做grows的宾语从句，为一名词性从句，也可称为whatclause；而且what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the名词定语从句”。【例句研读】(1) After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。(2) We now live in what is called the Information Age.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。(3) He graduated from what was called a key high school.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。【即时巩固】(1) Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.Awhat BthatCwhich Done【答案】A (2)A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.Awhat BwhichCthat Dwhere【答案】A【解析】该句意为：一座现代化的城市在十年前是一片废墟的地方建立起来。