2019-2020年高中英语大题精做03Ahealthylife含解析新人教版选修.doc

2019-2020 年高中英语大题精做 03Ahealthylife 含解析新人教版选修 I. 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中，选出 最佳选项。 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money repairing it. 5 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, panies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 . Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. panies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 1. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem 2. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products 3. A. face B. bee C. observe D. change 4. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw 5. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of 6. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful 7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division 8. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy 9. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends 10. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve 11. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes 12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed of 13. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger 14. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away 15. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences 16. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure 17. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands 18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 19. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of 20. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising II. 阅读理解 A Pre-school children who spend time together take on one anothers personalities, new research had found. The study reveals that environment plays a key role I shaping peoples personalities. While genetics still forms the core of the human psyche(心灵), the research finds that personality traits are “contagious” among children. “Our finding that personality traits are “contagious” among children flies a face of mon assumptions that personality is ingrained(根生蒂固的) and cant be changed,” said Dr Jennifer Neal, associate professor of psychology at Michigan State University and co-author of the study. “This is important because some personality traits can help children succeed in life, while others can hold them back.” The researchers studied the personalities and social networks of two pre- school classed for a full school year. One of the classes was a set of three- year-olds, and one a set of four-year-olds. Children whose friends were hard- working or outgoing gradually took on these personality traits over time. But children whose peers were anxious or easily frustrated did not take on these traits. The new study is not the first to explore the contagious effects of personality traits. A xx psychology study found that rudeness at work can be contagious as it travels from person to person “like a disease”. Researchers form Swedens Lund University claimed that even petty (微不足道的) behavior, like not inviting someone to a munal event or spreading rumors, can start the cycle off. The study found that seeing a supervisor being rude to an employee was enough to cause people to be rude to those around them. Often, those who experienced rudeness would be rude to others. Dr Eva Torkelson, a psychologist at Lund University, said the most mon cause of people acting rudely at work was imitating others. “An important finding form our study is that those who behave rudely in the work place experience stronger social support, which probably makes them less afraid of negative reactions to their behavior form managers and colleagues.” Dr Torkelson believes panies need to be more aware of the harm that rudeness in the workplace can do, as it can grow and damage the atmosphere in the office. 1. What does the underlined word “contagious” mean in the second paragraph? A. Faulty. B. Influential. C. Harmful. D. Troublesome 2. From the fourth paragraph, we can learn that . A. children whose friends are hard-working can succeed more easily B. children whose peers are easily frustrated can fail more easily C. children of three years old have personalities that are more active D. children of four years old have personalities that are less active 3. The xx psychology study indicates that . A. rudeness at work should be banned totally B. rudeness at work is beneficial occasionally C. supervisors and employees can be influenced by the rudeness at work D. rudeness at work like “a disease” cannot be changed 4. What can we conclude from Dr Eva Torkelson? A. People who behave rudely will not gain support at work. B. Bad behavior can be imitated in the workplace, C. Managers will be more friendly to their employees in the future. D. Rudeness can be a motivation for most employees. B Many kids help out around the house with chores(家庭杂务) such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances(补贴) or other rewards such as extra puter time. But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isnt worth doing unless you get something in return. Running any kind of household is a team effort, Susie said. “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. Its important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look.” Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed(兑取) either online or in the real world. With the ChoreMonster app, kids earn digital points by pleting chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. “Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards,” says Chris Bergman, founder of ChoreMonster. “Kids need positive reinforcement(强化) to help motivate them.”zx by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点 心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. I. 完形填空 【语篇解读】随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。 堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环 境带来很大的压力。 4. C 考查动词。根据后面的“than to spend time and money repairing it.” 可知，与花时间和钱修理物品相比， 现在更换物品更容易。A. hide 躲藏；B. control 控制；C. replace 代替；D. withdraw 撤退，收回。 故选 C。 5. A 考查介词短语。此处指多亏了当代制造业和技术，公司能够更快地生产产品， 成本也降低很多。 A. Thanks to 多亏了；B. As to 关于；至于；C. Except for 除了；D. Regardless of 不管。故选 A。 6. C 考查形容词。根据前面的“inexpensively”可知，成本降低的话，产品价格 相对也会降低。A. safe 安 全的；B. funny 滑稽的；可笑的；C. cheap 便宜的；D. powerful 强有力的。故选 C。 7. A 考查名词。根据后面的“save time and make our lives easier.”可知， 另一个原因是人们对一次性产品 的钟爱。A. love 爱；B. lack 缺少；C. prevention 阻止；D. division 划分。故选 A。 8. D 考查形容词。根据后面的“save time and make our lives easier.”可知， 人们总是在节省时间，说明人 们很忙碌。A. sensitive 敏感的；B. kind 友好的；C. brave 勇敢的；D. busy 忙碌的。故选 D。 9. A 考查名词。此处指忙碌的人们总是在寻找方法节省时间、让生活更容易。A. ways 方法；B. places 地方；C. jobs 工作；D. friends 朋友。a way to do sth.指 “做某事的方法”，是固定搭配，不定式作后 置定语。故选 A。 10. C 考查动词。此处指企业生产大量的一次性产品。A. donate 捐赠；B. receive 收 到；C. produce 生产； D. preserve 保存。故选 C。 11. D 考查动词。句意：我们对新产品的欲望也促成了这一问题。A. adapts to 适应； 改编；B. returns to 返回；归还；C. responds to 回应；反应；D. contributes to 做贡献；有助于。故选 D。 12. B 考查介词短语。根据上下文可知，人们对新产品有一种欲望；广告也在促使人们 购买新产品，所 以人们痴迷于购买新产品。A. tired of 厌倦；B. addicted to 沉迷于；C. worried about 担心；D. ashamed for 感到羞耻。故选 B。 13. A 考查形容词。广告使人们相信新的产品会更好。A. newer 更新的；B. stronger 更强壮的；C. higher 更高的；D. larger 更大的。故选 A。 14. D 考查动词短语。此处指人们扔掉还有用的物品来为新的腾地方。A. pick up 捡起； 学会；健康恢复； 用车接；B. pay for 支付；C. hold onto 抓住，坚持；D. throw away 扔掉。故选 D。 consumers 消费者；D. brands 品牌。故选 B。 18. A 考查副词。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够的。A. However 然而； B. Otherwise 否 则的话；要不然；C. Therefore 因此；D. meanwhile 同时。故选 A。 19. D 考查介词。根据前面的“Maybe there is another way out.”来理解句意：我们 需要修理我们的财物，而 不是扔掉它们。A. by 通过；B. in favour of 支持；赞 成；C. after 在之后；D. instead of 代替， 而不是。故选 D。 20. A 考查动词。前面提到了要修理物品；再根据后面的“and changing our spending habits”可知，我们也 要考虑自己的花费习惯。A. spending 花费；度过；B. collecting 收集；C. repairing 修理；D. advertising 做广告。故选 A。 II. 阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】研究发现，人格特质是可以相互传染的，环境对塑造人的性格起着关键 的作用。在工作中，人的粗俗行为最常见的原因是模仿他人。企业需要更清楚地意识到在 工作场所无礼所造成的危害，因为它可以破坏办公室里的气氛。 1. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据前面的让步状语从句“While genetics still forms the core of the human psyche(心 灵),”以及后面举的例子可知，尽管遗传形成了人类心灵 的核心，但是人格特质是可“传染”的。故选 B。 2. A【解析】推理判断题。根据句子“Children whose friends were hard-working or outgoing gradually took on these personality traits over time.”可知，如果朋 友们勤奋或者外向，随着时间的推移，这些孩子也会逐渐具备 了这些性格特征，促进自 己的成功。故选 A。 3. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段可知，研究发现，工作中的粗鲁会传染， 它会像一种疾病一 样从人身上传播。上司对员工粗鲁无礼，就足以使人们对周围的人 不礼貌。故选 C。 4. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章中“Dr Eva Torkelson, a psychologist at Lund University, said the most mon cause of people acting rudely at work was imitating others.”和“Dr Torkelson believes panies need to be more aware of the harm that rudeness in the workplace can do, as it can grow and damage the atmosphere in the office.”可知，在工作中，人的粗俗行为最常见的原因是模仿他人。 企业需要更清楚地意识到在工作 场所无礼所造成的危害，因为它可以破坏办公室里的 气氛。故选 B。 B 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。家长要不要奖励孩子做家务呢？不同的人对此有不同 的看法。文章介绍了奖励孩子做家务的利弊。 5. A 【解析】推理判断题。由文章第一段可知，作者首先陈述目前一些家长的常见做法， 从而引出本文讨论的话题：家长该不该奖励孩子做家务。故 A 选项切题：作者是通 过陈述事实来引出本文话题的。 家务，故 C 选项正确。 7. A 【解析】段落大意题。由第三段的内容，尤其是第三段的第一句Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them world lessons about how we need to work to earn money可知，该段主要介绍的是奖励孩子做家务的好处。故 A 选项 切题。 8.D 【解析】观点态度题。作者在文中只是客观介绍了不同人对于家长奖励孩子做家务的 看法，并没有发表个人观点，所以作者对此持中立态度，故 D 选项正确。 . 七选五型阅读理解 【语篇解读】与失聪者交谈，关键是让他们能够听清，听明白。要做到这些，你需要 注意几点。 1. A 【解析】根据后文语境 do this by moving into the persons field of vision 可知，要引起那个人的注意，故选择 A 项。 时，用的词尽量不要太难。故选择 G 项。 5. D 【解析】根据空前的句子 dont turn away from the deaf person in your group 可知，如果这样做，会让他们感到受冷落，故选择 D 项。 . 短文改错 is no doubt that health is the most important thing in our life. As a Chinese proverb , Health is blessing. Should we be always ill in bed, how we enjoy life? To keep healthy, we must develop a healthy way of life. First of all, we should keep on doing sports on a basis, because it can strengthen both our body and mind, refresh ourselves and us work more efficiently. Secondly, we must keep balanced diet to provide our body with various nutrition we need, we should refuse junk food. Remember, it is through the mouth diseases enter our body. Thirdly, a good sleep is also vital to our health. up too late at night often results in poor health. As middle school students, we need better sleep to do better in our lessons. 第一处：It为 There 此处为固定句式 There is no doubt that 毫无疑问。 第二处：gogoes 句意：正如一句中国谚语所说，本句描述的是客观性事实，故用 一般现在时态。主语 proverb 为单数名词，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。 第三处：cancould 句意：我们怎么享受我们的生活？should 位于句首，在此处是虚拟 语气。how could经常用来表示语气强烈或是责备，how can只表示根据客观 事实的判断。故将 can 改为 could。 第四处：regularlyregular 联系下文 basis(基础)可知，此处用形容词作定语。故将 regularly 改为 regular。 第五处：makingmake 此处 make 和前文 strength、refresh 同为并列谓语，故也用动词 原形。 第六处：keep 后加 a 联系下文balanced diet可知，此处指的是保持一个均衡的饮食。 故加不定冠词。balanced 词首音素是辅音，故不定冠词用 a。 第七处：butand 句意：并且我们应该拒绝垃圾食品。联系上下文可知，前后为顺接关 系，but 但是，表示转折关系。故改为 and。 第八处：wherethat 本句为强调句，强调疾病是通过口腔进入我们的身体的。故连接词 用 that。 第九处：去掉 into enter 进入，及物动词，后面直接接宾语。 第十处：staystaying 句意：在晚上经常熬夜导致身体不适。根据语境可知，此处用动 名词作主语。故将 stay 改为 staying。 . 语法填空 1. as 考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as 表示 “作为，以 身份” ，故填 as。 2. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用” ，根 据前文的 some 可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填 effects。 西。故填 a。 6. worse 考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填 worse。 7. is 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food 的意思是“快餐” ， 表示一类食物，为 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 is。 8. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求 量的脂肪和盐。根据 前文中的 by 可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填 eating。 9. careful 考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知 be 后面应该 用形容词作表语，故 填 careful。 10. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有 好处。分析可知 which is not good for the health 为非限制性定语从句， 先行词是前面的整句话。