2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity（第1课时） 试题 新人教版选修8.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity（第1课时） 试题 新人教版选修8重 点单 词1_adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的 _ n. 差别，区别2_n. 大多数；大半3_n. 苦难；困苦4_vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人5_n. 手段；方法6_n. 百分比；百分率7_n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期8_adj. 人种的；种族的9_vi. 移入(外国定居)10. _ n. 海峡 11. _ n. 飞行器；飞机重 要短 语1继续存在，继续生存_ 2此外 _ 3用办法；借助 _ 4习惯于新的生活方式，工作等；谋生 _ 5到的时候_ 6of ones own _ 7keep up _ 8note down _9. gain independence from _10. be forced into slavery _ 关键句 型1. _ your answers _ other groups 把你们的答案和其他组加以比较。2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，_. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。3. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush period，_ the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast _ brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到美国，但是更大批量的中国移民都是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。4. However, _ Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。5. _ before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为，过不了多久，多种民族的混合将会非常大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或者文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。【答案】重点单词1.distinct；distinction 2.majority 3.hardship 4.elect 5.means6.percentage 7.boom 8.racial 9.immigrate 10. strait 11. aircraft重要短语1. live on 2. in addition3. by means of4. make a life5. by the time6. 某人自己的7. 维持，保持8. 记下来9. 脱离而获得独立10. 被迫成为奴隶关键句型1. pare; with2. having attracted people from all over the world3. it was; that4. it is likely that5. It is believed that之重点单词1. pare (v)(1)A and B|A with/to B 比较；对比It is interesting to pare their situation and/with ours 把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。(2)with/to sb/sth 与类似(或相似)This school pares with the best in the country 这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。(3)A to B 表明与相似；将比作A teachers work is often pared to a candle 教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。【知识拓展】 (1)pare notes(with sb)(与)交换看法(或意见等)He is now paring notes with his coworkers about the job他现在就工作问题正与同事交换意见。 (2)beyond/without/past pare 无与伦比；举世无双She is lovely beyond pare她真是可爱得无与伦比。 (3)pared to/with 与相比(在句中担任状语)pared with/to our parents，we are indeed very fortunate与我们的父辈相比，我们确实很幸运。【易混辨析】pare和contrastpare侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。contrast指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。pare this with that，and you will see which is better 将这个与那个比较一下，你就会知道哪个比较好了。Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises 她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别。【跟踪典例】Michaels new house is like a huge palace，_ (pare)with his old one(xx真题改编浙江)Most people work because its unavoidableBy_，there are some people who actually enjoy work【答案】pared【解析】句意：与旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子看起来就像是一座大宫殿。pared to/with表 示与相比，在句中担任状语。contrast【解析】句意：很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的，相反，有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。根据前 后的意思，可以知道前后是表示对比。 不可避免表示的一种无奈，也就是说，很多人是不得不工作 的。后句的表达是事实上有些人喜欢工作，喜欢和不得不刚好构成一种否定，所以填contrast， by contrast 相反。2. range (n)(1)C，usually sing(of sth)一系列There is a full range of activities for children这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。(2)C，usually sing(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区域Several cars are available within this price range在这个价格范围内，有好几种汽车可供选购。(3)C&U视觉(或听觉)范围It came within my range of vision该物体进入了我的视野。(4)C&U 射程；射击距离The gun has a range of five miles这炮的射程为五英里。(5)C 山脉Im lucky enough to have a chance of admiring the view of the great mountain range of the Alps 我非常幸运能有机会欣赏雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉景色。【知识拓展】 within/in range(of sth)在可及的范围内，在视觉(或听觉)范围内 out of range(of sth)超出的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围以外【跟踪典例】你能击中树梢上的那只鸟吗？Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree？击不中，它在射程之外。No，its_ _ _【答案】out of range3. distinction n差别；区分；卓著；特点；(给学生的)优等评分(1)C(between A and B) 差别；区别；对比I cant see any distinction between these two cases 我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。(2)U 优秀；杰出；卓越He is a writer of real distinction他是一位真正才智超群的作家。(3)U 区分；分清；辨别The new law makes no distinction between adults and children这项新法规对成人和孩子同样适用。【知识拓展】 (1)draw/make a distinction between 对加以区别 without distinction 无差别地，一视同仁地(2)distinct adj截然不同的；清楚的；明白的；明显的 be distinct infrom在某方面与不同(3)distinguish v区分；辨别；成为的特征 be distinguished from不同于； 与加以区别 distinguish oneself(as)使自己与众不同； 使自己出名；使自己受人青睐Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other这两个建议截然不同。There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English你的英语口语有明显的进步。What was it that distinguished her from her classmates？是什么使得她有别于班上的其他同学？We should make a distinction between right and wrong我们应该分清是非。【跟踪典例】Schools_ _ _ _(没有区分)boy and girl students nowadays用恰当形式填空This new suggestion is a/an _(distinction) improvement from the one I originally made【答案】make no distinction betweendistinct句意：这个新建议比我原来提出的有显著的改进。distinct表示明显的。4. means n手段；方法(单复数相同)Thoughts are expressed by means of words思想是通过语言来表达的。【知识拓展】a means of munication 一种通信/交流工具by means of.用办法；借助 by this means 用这种方法by all means 务必，一定，当然可以by any means 无论如何，以一切可能的手段by no means 绝不，无论如何也不温馨提示(1)by no means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。By no means am I satisfied with my present ine 我对目前的收入一点也不满意。(2)means用作方式；方法时单复数同形。若是all means 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若是every/a means作主语， 谓语动词用单数形式。All possible means have been tried，but not a means has worked 所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但是没有一种方法奏效。【名师点津】(1)表达用这种方法，用 with this method/in this way/by this means。(2)表达(做)的方法， 用 means/way/method of (doing) sth.；way to do sth.；approach to (doing) sth.。【跟踪典例】The farmers thought of ways_ protect/_ protecting their treesPeople can municate with each other_means of the InternetEach of them suggested a different approach_the problemI guess he will carry out his new plan_this method【答案】to；ofbytowith5. majority n大多数，大半The majority was/were in favour of the proposal 大多数人赞成这个建议。Young women are in the majority in the fashion industry 年轻女性在时装业中占多数。【名师点津】(1)the majority 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。(2)the majority of可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(3)the majority of不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。【知识拓展】major adj. 较大的；较多的；主要的 vi. 主修n. 主修课major in 主修minority n. 少数the majority of大多数by/with a majority 以多数，大半be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数a majority over sb 超过某人的票数【图解助记】图解majority及其相关词【跟踪典例】One third of the country _ (be)covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ (be)black people【答案】is；are考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家的森林覆盖面积占国土面积的三分之一，并且大多数市民都是黑人。the majority of后跟复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。6. elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人She elected an art course because she was interested in art 因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了艺术课。Like men，women have the right to elect and to be elected 妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。【知识拓展】elect to do sth决定做某事elect sbas选举某人当election n选举温馨提醒在electsb职务结构中，如主席、总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不用任何冠词。They elected him chairman of the organization.他们选他为该组织的主席。【跟踪典例】单句语法填空。Increasing numbers of people elect _ (work) at home nowadays.We wonder who will win the next _ (elect)单句改错。Obama was elected the president for the second time in November xx._【答案】to workelection去掉第一个the7. percentage n百分比；百分率a percentage of后接名词时，其后面谓语动词的单复数要与所接名词相符合。What percentage of the earth is covered by oceans？地球的百分之几被海洋覆盖着？What percentage of the students were absent？ 缺席的学生占百分之几？【知识拓展】the percentage of.的百分比，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The percentage of the students who are admitted to universities is 70% 被大学录取的学生的百分比是70%。【易混辨析】percent百分之，相当于%，其前一般有具体数字percentage百分比；百分率，不用具体数字修饰，常用high，low，large，small修饰，提问时一般用what【跟踪典例】他已经完成了百分之八十的作业。 Eighty percent of his homework_ _ _大部分客人已经来了。 _ _ _ _the guests_e【答案】has been finishedA large percentage of；have之重点短语1. live on 继续存在；继续生存Our government took measures to make this custom live on 我们的政府采取措施使这个风俗延续下去。She died ten years ago but her memory lives on 她十年前就去世了，但她却留在人们的记忆中。【知识拓展】 live on sth以为食；靠生活live for 为而活着live by 靠（手段、方式）为生live up to 达到；符合；不辜负live with sth忍受某事live out 实践；实现live a life 过着一种的生活live through sth经历(灾难或其他困境)而幸存【巧学妙记】The old man lived by collecting waste things rather than on government welfare to live out the rest of his life.那位老人靠捡废品而不是靠政府的救济金来度过他的余生。【跟踪典例】用live短语填空The operation turned out to be very successful，and the old man _ for another ten yearsThe scientists name will _ from generation to generation for his great contribution to modern science【答案】lived onlive on为固定用法，意思是继续生存。句意为那次手术证明很成功，那位老人又活了十年。live on句意：由于对现代科学的巨大贡献，这位科学家的名字将会世代流传下去。根据句中from generation to generation可推知科学家的名字会继续流传(live on)下去。2. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生MrBob made a life by selling newspapers鲍勃先生靠卖报为生。They went to the West and decided to make a life there他们去了西部地区，决定去适应新生活。【知识拓展】life相关短语：e to life 突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃live/lead a.life 过着的生活bringback to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气e back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气full of life 充满生气start/make a new life 开始新生活put an end to ones life： kill oneself 自杀lose ones life 失去生命【跟踪典例】完成句子他们在中国定居，习惯了新的生活方式。They settled down in China and_ _ _ for themselves新来的教师给我们把法语讲得生动活泼。The new teacher really_ _ _ _ for us【答案】made a lifebrought French to life2. keep up坚持；维持；使不低落；继续；持续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)The good news keeps our spirits up好消息使我们情绪高涨。Nobody knows how long the drought will keep up没有人知道干旱将持续多长时间。Keep up your courage！鼓足勇气！People there still keep up old customs那儿的人们仍然沿袭古老的风俗。【知识拓展】 keep短语：keep back(与)保持距离；抑制；隐瞒keep off不接近keep out挡住；使不进入keep away from避开keep up with赶上；跟上keep ones word /promise履行诺言keep.from (doing) sth阻止某人做某事keep in touch with与保持联系keep to坚守；遵守；坚持keep.in mind记住【跟踪典例】用适当的介词或副词填空。We will reach the goal if we keep _ the plan.The captain tried his best to keep our spirits _He told the boys playing football to keep _ the grass.Keep the children away _ the machine.【答案】toupofffrom之重点句型1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population 加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，却是人口最多的州。(1) the third largest是序数词修饰最高级，意为第三大。形容词或副词的最高级前面可用序数词修饰，表 示第几大/长。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China黄河是中国第二长河。【知识拓展】one of the/among the最高级名词复数，表示最之一。China is one of the oldest countries in the world 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。(2) 句中的population意为人口，还可指全体居民。population作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但表示population中的一部分成员时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。The population of Australia is more than twenty million澳大利亚的人口大约是xx多万。One third of the population of this country are farmers这个国家三分之一的人口是农民。【知识拓展】表示某一地区有多少人口用have a population of。表示某一地区人口多或少用large/small，不用many/few。问某一地区有多少人口用What is the population of.？/How large is the population of.？【跟踪典例】补全句子Do you know what is _ _ _(非洲的第二长河)river？用恰当形式填空The population of Jiangsu _ _(grow)to more than twice what it was in 1949The figure is now approaching 74 million【答案】Africas second longesthas grown本题考查主谓一致和时态。人口作为一个整体作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意可知江苏的人口不断增长，是1949年的两倍多，因此应该使用现在完成时。2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，having attracted people from all over the world 加州的与众不同之处也在于它是美国最具多元文化特征的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。having attracted people from all over the world为现在分词的完成式担任后置定语，修饰名词state，其作用相当于非限制性定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world。分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。This new book，(which deals with)dealing with West Africa，was written by professor Smith 这是关于西非的一本新书，是史密斯教授写作的。【知识拓展】现在分词还可以充当补足语、状语和表语。I see someone ing out of the room.我看见有人正从房间里出来。The students came out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 学生们说着、笑着走出了教室。【跟踪典例】(真题改编山东)_ (eat)at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there again_(see)the film twice，I decided to go to the party instead【答案】Having eaten本题考查非谓语动词。句意：Tina以前去过这家餐厅，她不想再到那儿吃饭。此处是非谓语动词作状语，根据关键词before可知，此处表示以前的动作，而且与句子的主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词的完成式。Having seen3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的地区的，谁也说不清楚。(1)本句是主从复合句，其中主句是no one really knows，when引导一个宾语从句。本句可写成：No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California(2)what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语。【知识拓展】1. 名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不作成分；what在句中作成分。What he said sounds reasonable(what作said的宾语)That our team has won the game has been proved(That在主语从句中不作成分)2. 名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。There are many books availableI dont know which to read(which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)What book do you want to buy？(前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)【跟踪典例】_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer【答案】What本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：使这本书与众不同的是作者的有创造性的想象力。分析结构可知，_ makes the book so extraordinary为主语从句，从句缺少主语，要用what引导。that引导主语从句时，仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分，但是不能省略；who指人；which引导名词性从句时与what的区别在于它为特指，而what为泛指。4. However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago 然而，可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。It is likely that.sb/sth be likely to do (sth)意思是某人、物可能做某事。It is likely that the weather will be fine The weather is likely to be fine天气可能会很晴朗。Its likely that she will ring me tonight Shes very likely to ring me tonight她今晚很可能给我打电话。【知识拓展】(1)likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，作可能的的意思解释时常用 作表语形容词，主要句法结构有：sb/sthbelikelyto do sth；It is likelythat-clause。(2)possible表示客观上的可能性，possible常构成的结构有：It is possible(for sb)to do sth；It is possiblethat-clause。possible作定语时，有时解释为合适的。(3)probable表示可能发生或实现的，比possible的可能性大。常构成的句型有：sth is probable；It is probablethat-clause。【跟踪典例】(1)用likely，possible，probable完成句子They are _ to be angry with himI will do everything _ to help youThe home team，far ahead，is the _ winner【答案】likelypossibleprobable(2)句型转换You are likely to have forgotten all about it_【答案】It is likely that you have forgotten all about it5. In addition，many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans 此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。(1)本句是一个简单句，过去分词短语brought by the Europeans作后置定语修饰diseases。过去分词短语作定 语时通常后置，而单个的过去分词作定语时通常放在被修饰的名词之前。Whats the language spoken in that area？那个地区讲的是什么语言？They decided to change the used material他们决定改变所用的材料。【跟踪典例】(xx江苏改编)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message_(hide)within the work.【答案】hidden 考查分词作定语。本句中名词短语a secret message 与动词hide构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语hidden within the work 在句中做后置定语，修饰名词短语a secret message ，相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work。(2)本句中in addition意为此外，在句中作状语。A new security system was installedIn addition，extra guards were hired 新的安全系统已经安装。此外，还多雇了一些保安。When Diane fell，she hurt her arm and，in addition，broke her glasses 黛安妮摔倒时，摔伤了胳膊，还摔坏了眼镜。In addition to giving a general introduction to puter，the course also provides practical experience 课程除了对电脑知识作一般介绍外，还提供实际操作的机会。(3)die from死于(事故、灾难等外因)His grandfather died from an earthquake他爷爷死于地震。Her uncle died from a traffic accident她叔叔死于一起交通事故。【跟踪典例】翻译句子越来越多的人死于癌症。_车祸受害人因伤死亡。_【答案】More and more people die of cancerThe accident victim died from injuries6. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。This/That is why. 意为这/那就是的原因，其中why引导的从句在句中作表语，从句表示结果；This/That指代上文提到的事实。【知识拓展】句型意义引导词功能及从句意义Thats why.那就是的原因why引导表语从句，从句表示结果Thats because.那是因为because引导表语从句，从句表示原因The reason why.is that.的原因是why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句(切记此处不可用because)，that从句表示原因The reason that (which).is that.的原因是that(which)引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语；第二个that引导表语从句，从句表示原因【跟踪典例】Tom was ill. That was _ he was absent from class.汤姆病了，那就是他旷课的原因。Tom was absent from class. That was _ he was ill.汤姆旷课了，那是因为他病了。The reason _ Tom was absent from class was _ he was ill.汤姆旷课的原因是他病了。The reason _ Tom made up for being absent from class was _ he was ill.汤姆为旷课编造的理由是他病了。【答案】whybecausewhy; thatthat/which; that7. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period，it was the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。本句的核心结构为强调句型：It is/was.that.，强调了主语the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast。强调句型It is/was.that/who.的用法归纳如下：(1)强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。强调句型应避免使用when，where，which 等连词。It was playing puter games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons 玩电脑游戏用掉了这个孩子本来应该花在功课上的许多时间。It is during his spare time that Tom has been studying the situation for several months 几个月以来，汤姆一直利用自己的空闲时间研究局势。(2)that/who后的动词的人称和数的变化要与前面的名词或代词一致。It was I who/that was to blame该受责备的人是我。It was only I who am willing to go to see the film愿意去看电影的人只有我。(3)强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out？第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？Is it MrLi who guided the pany through the difficulties？是李先生带领公司渡过难关的吗？(4)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：Where is it that you are going for your holidays？你打算到哪儿去度假？How was it that you climb to the top of that building？你是如何爬上楼顶的？(5)强调句型中的特殊形式： It is not until.that./It is because.that.It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework 直到走进教室，他才意识到忘了做作业。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work 是因为她妈妈病了她才没有去上班。(6)在强调句型中，作主语的关系代词who/that可以省略。It is he(that/who)worked out the maths problem是他算出了这道数学题。It is I (that/who)am teaching them the English song是我在教他们唱这首英语歌曲。【跟踪典例】It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued【答案】that本题考查强调句。句意：是在当地导游的帮助下登山者才被救的。分析结构可知，此处是强调句，强调的是句子的状语with the help of the local guide；由强调句的基本句子结构It is/was被强调部分that(强调人可以用who)其他可知应填that。8. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures人们认为，过不了多久，多种民族的混合将会非常大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或者文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。it在句子中作形式主语，形成It(形式主语)is过去分词that从句(真正主语)句式；Its said/ reported/ announced/ believed that.据说/据报道/据宣布/大家认为。It is said that three prisoners broke out of the jail yesterday据说，昨天有三个囚犯越狱了。It is w