2019-2020年高三英语大一轮复习讲义 语法知识 专题九 名词性从句 新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高三英语大一轮复习讲义 语法知识 专题九 名词性从句 新人教版一、名词性从句的连接词1从属连词that，whether和if(1)that，whether，if在从句中不充当任何成分，只起到连接从句的功能。that没有实际意义，而whether，if意为“是否”。(2)whether与if的用法比较二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。I dont know whether/if hell attend the meeting.在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if。whether引导从句可以放于句首。Whether he es or not makes no difference.whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。The question is whether it is worth trying.The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。I havent settled the problem of whether Ill lend him the money.whether后可以加不定式，if不可。He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.可以用whether.or引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可。Whether it rains or snows，I dont care.2连接代词引导名词性从句的连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。3连接副词引导名词性从句的连接副词有：when，where，how，why。连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。二、主语从句1主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is more experience.(1)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)that从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.注意：(1)在“It is necessary，important，strange，naturalthat从句”结构中，从句常用“(should)动词原形”形式。(2)在“Itbesuggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，requiredthat从句”结构中，that从句应用“(should)动词原形”。三、宾语从句1动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.I dont think you are right.I dont suppose he cares，does he?(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.2一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Your position is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.3sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。Im sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.四、表语从句1主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.2主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.3because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.五、同位语从句同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。1能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。2同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。I have no idea what has happened to him.3有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.六、名词性从句的几个难点1that通常不可省略的四种情况：(1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时不可省略。That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.(3)在由it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。He has made it clear that he wouldnt agree to the plan.(4)引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that也不可省略。2what与that的区别：what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“的人(地方、东西)等”；that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。What he said was true.That he came late made the teacher angry.技巧1从句类型判断法名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句类型不同，引导从句的连词也不尽相同，确定了从句类型，也就确定了引导该类从句的连词。判断的方法就是根据从句在整个句子中的位置。What he said is wrong.他所说的话是错的。(从句在主语位置，为主语从句)Check that all the switches are turned off.检查一下所有的开关已关好。(从句在动词后，为宾语从句)What I was uncertain about was whether we could overe the difficulties all by ourselves.我不敢肯定的是我们自己能不能战胜这些困难。(whether从句在was后，为表语从句)I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。(从句在抽象名词后，对名词解释说明，为同位语从句)考题印证Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew_she was so angry.(xx湖南，35)Awhere BwhetherCthat Dwhy答案D解析句意为：Cindy用力关上门并且大哭了起来，办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气。从句在动词know后，故为宾语从句，且从句中缺少状语，根据句意分析，D项正确。技巧2从句成分分析法引导名词性从句的连接词分三类：第一类为that，在从句中不担任成分，本身无意义；第二类whether/if类，本身有意义，在从句中不担任成分；第三类为wh类及how, as if, because等，本身有意义，在从句中担任成分。what, which, who, whom, whose等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；when, where, why, how, because等在从句中作状语。通过分析从句，可以明了从句是否缺成分，缺什么成分，从而确定连词的种类。考题印证As a new graduate，he doesnt know_it takes to start a business here.(xx天津，14)Ahow BwhatCwhen Dwhich答案B解析句意为：作为一名新的毕业生，他不知道在这里创业需要些什么。what在宾语从句中充当takes的宾语。本题可采用句式还原法解题，只要把宾语从句还原成It takes.to do sth.句式，即可轻松得出答案。技巧3关注特殊形式的名词性从句 感叹词引导的宾语从句和because, as if 引导的表语从句。考题印证Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future.Athat B. howCsuch Dso答案B解析动词understand后面是由how引导的感叹句作宾语。1I dont know _ makes her different from others.Confidence，I think.Ahow is it that Bhow it is thatCwhat is it that Dwhat it is that答案D解析考查宾语从句及强调句型。此处know后为宾语从句，宾语从句中有强调句型。句意为：我不知道究竟是什么使她与众不同。我认为是自信。2The old man was so angry and spoke so fast that none of his children understood _ he said meant.Athat that Bwhat whatCwhat Dthat答案B解析第一个what作meant的宾语；第二个what作said的宾语。3Is it，in your opinion，possible _ new measures will be taken to improve the terrible traffic?Awhether BwhatCwhen Dthat答案D解析句意为：在你看来，采取新的措施改善糟糕的交通是可能的吗？it为形式主语，后面的从句为真正的主语，且从句中不缺少句子成分，故D项正确。4Golf is rapidly being more popular.Near some towns and cities new courses are being built in_.Awhat is farmlandBwhat farmland isCwhat farmland wasDwhat was farmland答案D解析考查宾语从句的连接词。此处what was farmland作介词in的宾语。句意为：高尔夫球很快变得受欢迎。附近城镇新的高尔夫球场正在曾经是农田的地方建设。5He thought_mattered most in improving spoken English was enough confidence and practice.Awhy BwhatCwhich Dthat答案B解析考查宾语从句的连接词。此处what作宾语从句的主语。句意为：他认为提高英语口语的关键是有足够的信心和练习。6It seems _ the pany Dibai World is unlikely to survive in this serious financial crisis.Alike if Bbecause ofCas if Dfor that答案C解析考查名词性从句。句意为：看起来好像迪拜世界集团不太可能在这次严重的经济危机中生存下来。seem as if从句，“看起来好像”。7The worlds population hit 7 billion on Monday among celebrations and concerns about _ the growing number of people will affect the earths resources.Awhy BhowCwhether Dwhat答案B解析考查名词性从句中引导词的选择。分析句子可知空格处引导宾语从句，从句已为完整句子，考虑连接副词，根据句意应选B。8We are very proud of _ you have acplished so farYou should be proud tooAwhat Bthat Cwhich Dwhere答案A解析空格引导的是of的宾语从句且在从句中作have acplished的宾语，故选A。9_ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.AWhether BWhatCThat DHow答案B解析句意为：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。what引导主语从句并在从句中作动词regard的宾语；that引导主语从句不作成分。10As far as I can see，_ is no possibility _ he will win the tennis match this time.Ait；that Bthere；thatCit；whether Dthere；whether 答案B解析句意为：据我所知，这次他要赢得这场网球赛是不可能的。There is no need/possibility/doubt that.是固定句型，其中that引导的是同位语从句。11I was close to being killed the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.Aas BwhichCthat Dwhat答案D解析此句是what引导的宾语从句。what在从句中作主语，I thought是插入语。介词后不跟that引导的宾语从句，C项错误；句中无先行词，不是定语从句，B项错误。12I am worried about _ she has had an operation _ her throat.You have to see her as soon as possible.Athat；in Bif；inCwhether；on Dwhere；on答案C解析首句句意为：我担心她是否对喉咙动了手术。介词后不能接if引导的宾语从句；“对动手术”，用have an operation on.。13Weve offered her the job，but I dont know _ shell accept it.(2011山东，33)Awhere BwhatCwhether Dwhich答案C解析句意为：我们给她提供了那份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。where哪儿；what什么；whether是否；which哪一个。只有whether符合句意，故选C。14The villagers have already known_well do is to rebuild the bridge.(2011江西，26)Athis BthatCwhat Dwhich答案C解析句意为：村民们已经知道我们要做的事是重修这座桥。分析句子结构可知，known后的宾语从句中含有一个主语从句，该从句缺少引导词并且从句中do缺少宾语，故用what，意为“的事情”。this不能引导从句；that在名词性从句中不作句子成分；which强调哪一个，不符合句意。15The rescue team are considering_they can do more for the people suffering from the stormAwhat BwhateverCif Dhow答案D解析考查宾语从句。从句中主语、谓语和宾语齐全，设空处只缺状语，应用how来引导宾语从句。