2019-2020年高中英语大题精做04Globalwarming含解析新人教版选修.doc

2019-2020年高中英语大题精做04Globalwarming含解析新人教版选修I. 完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。Today the scientific munity is in almost total agreement that the earths climate is changing and that this represents a huge threat to the planet and to us. According to a survey, with only 69% accepting the earth is warming only 1/4 Americans see global warming as a major threat, public opinion 1 the scientific conclusion.Climate scientists and campaigners have long debated how to better municate the message to nonexperts so that climate science can be 2 into action. According to Christopher Rapley, the usual tactic(策略) of climate experts to provide the public with information isnt 3 because it does not address key potential causes. We are all exposed to the evidence of climate change on an almost a daily basis. The information is almost 4 .Then whats wrong? 5 our brains.Daniel Gilbert mentioned our brains failure to accurately notice gradual change. Robert Gifford also _6_ the point about our brains difficulty in grasping climate change because of limited cognition and social _7_ with other people (Why should we change if X wont?) . A more powerful barrier is the 8 of perceived(感知的) behavioral control; I m only one person; what can I do ? is certainly a big one. For many, the first challenge will be in recognizing barriers 9 they can overe them.But for those of us who understand that climate change is a problem yet make little effort to cut the number of overseas trips we make or the amount of meat we consume, neither the uncaring attitude nor denial really explains the 10 between our actions and beliefs. Lertzman has e to the conclusion that the conflict between _11 _ both the planet and our way of life is too painful to bear. When we dont 12 the pain of that, thats when we get 13 and cant move forward. Lertzman refers to this 14 as environmental melancholia(忧郁症), and points out that theres a lot to be said for providing a means 15 acceptable to talk about.Rosemary Randall suggests that climate change is such a(n) 16 subject that it can raise fears and anxieties that people feel have no 17 in polite conversation.Lertzman says the munity has been slow to realize the value of psychology. Gifford says otherwise, _18_ climate change, and not mental health, is the biggest psychological problem.Despite the pain, shame, difficulty in fully addressing climate change, both Lertzman and Gifford are still _19_ about our ability to face up to the challenge. There cant be anything about the human mind that stops us struggling with these issues given that so many people 20 are maybe thats what we should be focusing on instead. says Lertzman.1. A. accounts forB. falls behindC. wishes forD. leaves behind2. A. translatedB. sprungC. forcedD. sent3. A. revolutionaryB. detailedC. popularD. enough4. A. unreliableB. unbearableC. unacceptableD. unavoidable5. A. SubmitB. ControlC. BlameD. Curse6. A. picks up onB. gets down toC. throws back onD. looks up to7. A. connectionsB. parisonsC. petenceD. development8. A. senseB. problemC. lackD. effect9. A. ifB. thoughC. beforeD. since10. A. relationshipB. disagreementC. gapD. balance11. A. caring aboutB. taking onC. fighting againstD. putting away12. A. feelB. processC. rememberD. hide13. A. hitB. puzzledC. stuckD. stressed14. A. conflictB. eventC. hesitationD. inability15. A. sociallyB. environmentallyC. culturallyD. morally16. A. plexB. controversialC. awkwardD. disturbing17. A. ideaB. goalC. placeD. choice18. A. somehowB. howeverC. thereforeD. either19. A. optimisticB. concernedC. cheerfulD. encouraged20. A. equallyB. stillC. especiallyD. alreadyII. 阅读理解A（xx新课标全国卷） A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only ponents required, though, are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. Its delicate. B. Its expensive.C. Its plex. . D. Its portable.2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube. B. The still.C. The hole. D. The cup.3. Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheets center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4. When a solar still works, drops of water e into the cup from .A. the plastic tube B. outside the holeC. the open air D. beneath the sheetBIts most keen advocates say that global warming is gradually ruining our parts of our planet. But the effects of the phenomenon might be felt more positively a little closer to home, after scientists claimed that it would make flowers smell sweeter.Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant than they currently produce, according to a report. It says that a temperature increase of between 1 and 5 will vastly increase the ability of flowers to produce their sweet smells.The study suggests that plants are able to produce more terpenes (萜烯) the chemicals that give them their smells in hotter conditions. Despite the environmental risk linked to climate change, the effect on flowers could also help bee populations as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate. It also found that the effect could be more significant in cooler countries such as the UK and would have a strong impact on fruit trees.The findings e as the unseasonably warm autumn weather this year has led to reports that plants are being tricked into blooming early.Guy Barter described the findings as interesting and said it could have a significant effect on lightly scented flowers. We think about climate change in terms of rising temperatures and sea levels, but there are more delicate potential effects which we have not thought about, he said.Last year, experts warned the average global temperature had risen by 0.5 in 50 years. They predicted temperatures will increase by 3 over the next century, causing a rise in sea levels, flooding, disease outbreaks and mass migration of refugees (难民).The researchers looked at a variety of plants. In the paper the researchers said, The species with the highest increases in emissions were those with the lowest fragrance rates. The increases calculated for floral terpene emissions show that very significant increases in the amount of floral scents will likely occur in a warmer world. The rates of floral terpene emission by the end of the century could increase 0.349.1 times because of a 5 increase in the average maximum temperature during the flowering peak of the season.5. We can infer from the text that in England .A. plants bore more fruits in autumn this yearB. the seasons werent in order this whole yearC. the autumn of this year was a little coolerD. plants began to produce flowers early in autumn this year6. What Barter said indicates that .A. every coin has two sidesB. a miss is as good as a mileC. dont claim to know what you dont knowD. dont put the cart before the horse7. The last paragraph implies that in hotter conditions .A. plants will have the lowest fragrance ratesB. plants will send more sweeter chemicalsC. plants will suffer the rising temperatureD. plants will finish their flowering peak soon8. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Will plants produce more chemicals in the future?B. Is it easier to find sweeter flowers everywhere?C. Could global warming make flowers smell sweeter?D. Do flowers smell stronger in the cold temperature?. 语法填空Walking down the city streets, you look up and see 1 red telephone box. Behind it, on the road, a big red double-floor bus passes by, 2 (carry) citizens and tourists. This is London. And the red is what the city is famous 3 .Modern transportation has changed the way we lead our lives. One important means of transport has been the bus. In London, buses take on a bigger role. They are used to visit the city. Red tourist buses have open 4(roof), which let people take photos, have an amazing view of the city and enjoy 5 (them) as they drive past Big Ben, the Thames and so on.But how did the bus bee unique to London culture? Horse-drawn buses enjoy a history of more than 180 years. They 6 (use) in London since 1829. By the early 20th century, motor-buses were driving around London. Bus panies used different colors at the time. One of the 7 (big) panies chose red because the bright colour made 8 easy for the citizens to pick out the bus. In 1933, when London transport was grouped into a single pany, they chose the most 9 (wide)used color at the time-red.And so the color red stayed in London. But it was in the mid-1950s 10 the red double-floor was born. Its name is the Routemaster. Built between 1954 and 1968, they still look traditional. Like they have been frozen in time. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/)，并在其下面写出该加的词；删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉；修改：在错词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 Last weekend, my classmate and I went on a camping trip near the river. It was not long distance, so we chose to get here by bike.We started with early in the morning. On the way, we talked about that we saw around. It takes about half an hour to get to the place. On arriving, some girls sat down, had her breakfast and listened to the birds sings. Some admired the river while others drew pictures. My friends and I found a quietly place and went fishing. To our surprise, we got much fishes.Time passed so quickly and we had to say goodbye. I enjoyed the pleasant or exciting trip. 书面表达假设你曾是一名失学儿童，名叫李华，你有幸得到在中国工作的Peter先生的资助得以重返校园。你给Peter先生写一封感谢信，内容如下：(1)收到钱和书后重返校园，非常感激。(2)在老师的帮助和鼓励下学习有了很大的进步，决定更加努力，未来要向Peter先生学习。(3)再次表达感谢并盼望见到Peter先生。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 倌的开头和落款已给出，但不计入总词数。Dear Mr. Peter,I often think of you. How have you been recently? Im Li Hua. _ Yours sincerely,Li HuaI. 完形填空【文章大意】本文讲述的是人们对气候变化应该抱有一种健康积极的心态。1. B accounts for占比例；falls behind落后于；wishes for祝福；leaves behind留下。根据前面的内容可知人们的观点是落后于科学结论的。故选B。2. A translated转变为；sprung蹦跳；forced强迫；sent送。translate into转变为，句意：以便气候科学能被转变为行动。故选A。意：罗伯特吉福德还注意到一点。故选A。7. B connections关系；parisons比较；petence能力； development发展。parisons with与的比较。句意：有限的认知和与其他人的社会比较。故选B。8. C sense意识；problem问题；lack缺乏；effect影响。句意：一个更强大的障碍是感知行为控制的缺乏。故选C。9. C if如果；though虽然；before在之前；since自从。对许多人来说，第一个挑战就是在克服障碍之前认识到障碍。故选C。10. B relationship 关系；disagreement意见不同，不一致；gap间隙；balance平衡。句意： 冷漠的态度和否认都解释了我们行动和信仰之间的不一致。故选B。11. A caring about关心；taking on承担；fighting against对抗，反对；putting away放好；抛弃。句意：Lertzman得出了一个结论，忍受关心地球和关心我们生活的方式之间的战争太痛苦了。故选A。12. B feel感觉；process处理，加工；remember记得；hide隐藏，隐瞒。句意：当我们不处理那样的痛苦的时候，就是我们被卡住不能前进的时候。故选B。13. C hit打击，袭击；puzzled困惑的，茫然的；stuck被卡住的，不能动的；stressed紧张的；感到有压力的。句意：当我们不处理那样的痛苦的时候，就是我们被卡住不能前进的时候。故选C。14. D conflict冲突，矛盾；event事件，大事；hesitation犹豫；inability无能力，无才能。句意：Lertzman把这种无能为力称作忧郁症。故选D。15. A socially在社会上，在社交方面，善于交际地；environmentally有关环境方面地；culturally从文化角度，文化意义上，在人文学方面；morally道德上，有道德地，确实地。句意：还指出，对于提供一种被社会广泛接受的谈论的方法，还有很多需要讲的。故选A。16. D plex复杂的，合成的；controversial有争议的，有争论的；awkward尴尬的，笨拙的，棘手的，不合适的；disturbing令人不安的，烦扰的。句意：Rosemary Randall提出气候变化是一个会引起恐惧和和担忧的、人们感觉不应该在礼貌的交谈中发生的主题。故选D。17. C idea想法，主意，概念；goal 目标，球门，得分数，终点；place地方，住所，座位；choice选择，选择权，精选品。have no place in不应该发生。句意：Rosemary Randall提出气候变化是一个会引起恐惧和和担忧的、人们感觉不应该在礼貌的交谈中发生的主题。故选C。18. B somehow以某种方法；however无论以何种方式；therefore因此；所以；either任何一个。故选B。 19. A optimistic乐观的，乐观主义的；concerned有关的，关心的cheerful快乐的，愉快的，高兴的；encouraged受到鼓舞的。句意：尽管在充分地提出气候变化中有痛苦、羞愧和困难，Lertzman和Gifford仍然对我们面对挑战的能力很乐观。故选A。20. D equally同样地，相等地，平等地，公平地；still仍然，更，静止地；especially特别，尤其，格外；already已经，早已，先前。句意：鉴于这么多的人已经是了或许那才是我们应该集中精力的地方。故选D。II. 阅读理解A2. B【解析】推理判断题。根据Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity可知最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。“接水器”指的是在潮湿的地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用膜覆盖，整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D，但是就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围环境的变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheets center down with a rock(放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去)，故选C。4. D【解析】推理判断题。结合第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来，直到形成小水滴落在杯子里，覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。全球变暖带来的海平面上升、生物链断裂、飓风、海啸等危害数不胜数,但令人意想不到的是,它可能还有好的一面。7. B【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的The increases calculated for floral terpene emissions show that very significant increases in the amount of floral scents will likely occur in a warmer world可知,经过研究发现,将来在更温暖的世界里,花香的量将大大增加。8. C【解析】考查标题判断。本文主要介绍了植物能够在温度较高的环境中分泌更多产生香气的萜烯。气温上升到1到5时能够极大地增强花朵产生香甜气味的能力。在全球气候变暖的影响下,一些花朵的气味甚至比原来香甜了9倍。故C项最适合作文章的标题。. 语法填空【语篇解读】文章对英国伦敦的公交车为什么选择红色作为装饰颜色进行了介绍。1. a考查冠词。此处指“一个红色的电话亭”。red是辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。2. carrying考查非谓语。句子有谓语passes by，主语a big red double-floor bus与carry之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填carrying。3. for考查介词。此处表示“伦敦因为红色而出名”，运用be famous for短语。故填for。4. roofs考查名词。根据前面的buses可知，此处用复数，指公交车的车顶。故填roofs。5. themselves考查代词。enjoy oneself是固定搭配，指“玩得高兴”。故填themselves。6. have been used考查时态和语态。根据时间状语since 1829可知，本句用现在完成时；主语they指代Horse-drawn buses，与use之间是被动关系。故填have been used。7. biggest考查形容词。此处指最大的公司之一；one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词的复数形式。故填biggest。8. it考查代词。在此it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是for the citizens to pick out the bus。故填it。9. widely考查副词。此处指“最广泛使用的颜色”，修饰形容词used用副词。故填widely。10. that考查强调句。本句运用了强调句式“it is/ was+强调部分+that+句子其他部分”，在此强调了时间状语“in the mid-1950s”。故填that。. 短文改错Last weekend, my and I went on a camping trip near the river. It was not long distance, so we chose to get here by bike.We started with early in the morning. On the way, we talked about we saw around. It about half an hour to get to the place. On arriving, some girls sat down, had breakfast and listened to the birds . Some admired the river while others drew pictures. My friends and I found a place and went fishing. To our surprise, we got fishes. Time passed so quickly and we had to say goodbye. I enjoyed the pleasant exciting trip.【解析】引导该宾语从句；而that引导宾语从句时，在句中不充当任何成分，且没有意义。故将that改为what。5. 考查动词。根据时间状语last weekend可知，本文讲述过去发生的事情，该句应用一般过去时，故将takes改为took。6. 考查代词。本句主语为some girls，所以物主代词要用their。故将her改为their。7. 考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语动词listened to，故此处应用非谓语动词形式，sing与其逻辑主语birds为主谓关系，故此处用现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，表示鸟正在唱歌。故将sings改为singing。8. 考查形容词。此处修饰名词place，应用形容词，故将quietly改为quiet。9. 考查不定代词。fishes此处指鱼，不是鱼肉，是可数名词其前用many修饰。故将much改为many。10. 考查连词。 pleasant与exciting之间为并列关系，故将or改为and。.书面表达Dear Mr. Peter,I often think of you. How have you been recently? Im Li Hua. I am writing to express my deepest gratitude for the money and books you sent me. I could not have returned to school without your help. Thank you so much.I have been working hard since I went back to school and greatprogress has been made in my studies with the help of my teachers who often encourage me. But for your help, I might have left school and couldnt have got such a good education. I havemade up my mind to study harder and make greater progress so as to be a great person as you.zxx？&kI would like to meet you in person, but I havent got an opportunity. Grateful for your generous help, I am looking forward to seeing you. Hope you getting on with your life and work.Yours Sincerely,Li Hua