2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars第2课时试题含解析新人教版必修.doc

2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars第2课时试题含解析新人教版必修Key Words1. climate n. 气候2. crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；坠落3. spaceship n. 宇宙飞船4. pull n. & vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力5. float vt. & vi. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物Key Phrases1. cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋2. a mass of 大量的3. now that 既然4. break out 突发；爆发5. watch out 密切注视；当心，提防Key Sentences1. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(倍数表达法)2. Oh dear, I cried,walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.(now that)3. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.(过去分词作状语)1.pulln. & vt. 拉力；牵引力。常见用法：pull away (汽车等)开走pull down拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out驶出；拉出，拔出pull up把拔出来；(使)停下pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先(于某人/物)pull back (使)退却；撤回pull off (sth) (指机动车辆)驶离(道路)(至路侧停车处停下)pull on 穿，戴上(袜子、手套等)pull together 同心协力；通力合作pull through 恢复健康，渡过When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom, they found the ring. 当他们拉开我旧卧室的地毯时，发现了这个戒指。短语填空pull up pull on pull down pull in pull through1. The train from London will _at noon.2. The cinema she used to visit had _.3. The driver _at the traffic lights five minutes ago.4. He is still quite sick, but the doctor is sure that he will _.5. I _my running shoes and stepped into the street.【答案】1. pull in 2. been pulled down 3. pulled up 4. pull through 5. pulled on2.cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋。常见用法：cheer sb up使某人振作起来He was sorry for her and tried to cheer her up. 他为她感到难过，并试图使她振作起来。【拓展延伸】1. cheer sb on 为打气cheer for为欢呼；为鼓劲加油2. be of cheer兴致勃勃Cheers! 干杯(口语中敬酒辞)3. cheering n. 欢呼，喝彩cheerful adj. 高兴的cheerfully adv. 高兴地用cheer短语完成句子1. 给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。Give Mary a call; she needs _.2. 当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。When Im feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to _.3. 我们所做的一切都是为了给我们队加油。What we had done was to _.【答案】1. cheering up 2. cheer me up 3. cheer our team on/cheer for our team3. 倍数表达法 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。(教材P31)【句式分析】I was carried twice as far as on the earth为.倍数as形容词/副词原级as .结构。.倍数as形容词/副词原级as .是倍数表达法之一，意为是的多少倍。倍数的常见表达方式：1. A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B，表示A比B倍The new building is four times higher than the old one. 新楼比旧楼高4倍。2. A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as+B，表示A是B的倍Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。3. A+谓语+倍数+the size/height/length/width/depth.+of+B，表示A的是B的倍The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月亮的49倍大。 4. A+谓语+倍数+what从句The production now is three times what it was ten years ago. 现在的产量是10年前的3倍。5. A+谓语+倍数+that of.Now the grain output in our county is twice that of 20 years ago. 现在我们县的粮食产量是20年前的两倍。【特别提醒】两倍用twice或double，不足一倍用分数表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用.times来表示。1. 同义句改写The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one._(用倍数比较级改写)_(用倍数then.of.改写)2. 完成句子They have three times as many cows _ we have.他们拥有三倍于我们的奶牛。My house is twice the size _ my parents.我的房子的面积是我父母的两倍。The room is _ that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。【答案】1. The red ruler is twice longer than the yellow one.The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.2. as ofthree times the size of/three times as large as/twice larger than4. now that Oh dear， I cried，walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.天啊，我大声地说，既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。(教材P31)【句式分析】now that引导原因状语从句。既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：1. because因为。语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问。2. since因为；既然。可与now that互换。3. as因为。语气较弱。4. for因为。并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明。5. now (that)相当于since，是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中经常省略that。6. 表原因的介词短语：due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等。Now that the children have known the result, we can tell everyone else. 既然孩子们已经知道结果了，我们就可以告诉其他所有人了。Since weve no money we cant buy a new car. 因为我们没钱，没法买新汽车。1. 单句语法填空_ youre here, why not have a drink?_ it is late, I shall go home now.The school was moved out of downtown _ the number of students had grown too large.It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet.2. 单句改错He was angry because what he said.【答案】1. Since Since as for2. because后加of5.break out突发；爆发War broke out one evening. 一天傍晚战争爆发了。A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night. 昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。【特别注意】break out强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发，一般不用于被动语态。【拓展延伸】break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)break into 破门而入，突然起来break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束break through 突破break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束break into pieces 成为碎片1. Scientists hope to _ soon in their fight against heart disease.A. break up B. break outC. break through D. break in2. A big fire _ last night. Luckily, no one was killed or injured.A. broke outB. broke awayC. broke offD. broke through3. 完成句子Should another world war break _, what would bee of human beings?万一另一次世界大战爆发，人类将会发生什么事？We had to break _ the house as we had lost the key.因为我们弄丢了钥匙，所以我们不得不破门而入。A fire _ in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.=After a fire _in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged. 实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁了。【答案】1. C 【解析】句意：科学家们希望能尽快在应对心脏病方面有所突破。break up分解，打断；break out爆发，发生；break through突破；break in闯入，打断。2. A 【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：昨晚发生了一场火灾。幸运的是，没有人员伤亡。A. 爆发；B. 放弃，逃跑；C. 折断，突然停止；D. 突破。故选A。3. out into having broken out; broke out6. 过去分词作状语 We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。(教材P31)【句式分析】, fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship .形容词的主要功能是用作定语和表语，但有时也可用作状语。形容词或形容词短语作状语，表示方式、原因、结果或伴随等，说明谓语动作的方式，它在句子中有时像非限制性定语从句一样，表示意义上的增补。其逻辑主语是句子的主语。(1)作伴随或方式状语时，其位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，有时也可位于句中。 He lay in bed, awake. 他躺在床上，没有睡着。(表伴随)He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他回到家里，又饿又累。(表伴随)(2)作原因状语时，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句子中间。 Afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.(=As he was afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.)由于害怕挨骂，小弗朗兹一时起了逃学的念头。 Tom, very ill, sent for a doctor.(=As Tom was very ill, he sent for a doctor.) 因为汤姆病得很厉害，他派人请医生去了。 (3)作时间或条件状语时，通常位于句首，也可位于句末。 Ripe, these apples are sweet.(=When/If these apples are ripe, they are sweet.) 熟了的时候这种苹果很甜。 Enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative.(=When/If they are enthusiastic, they are cooperative. ) 热心的时候他们是很合作的。 (4)作让步状语时，常由一个形容词或连词or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成。一般位于句首，有时也可位于句中。 Right or wrong, he always es off worst in an argument because of his inability to speak coherently. (=Whether he is right or wrong, he always es off worst because of his inability to speak coherently.) 无论有理还是无理，由于他语言条理欠佳总是把事情弄得最糟。 Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.(=Whether it was wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.) 不管天晴还是下雨他，总是六点起床在公园里散散步。 (5)作结果状语时，在句中的位置比较灵活。 For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened. 她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。 One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds. 有一位女人醒着躺在床上，静听着那疾驰而过的大风。 They stayed in the snow for several days, cold and hungry. 他们在雪地里待了几天，又冷又饿。 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _.A. hungry and tiredlyB. hungry and tiredC. hungrily and tiredlyD. hungrily and tired【答案】B【解析】该题考查的是形容词作状语。句意：这三个人长途旅行后回到家，又饿又累。此处用形容词作伴随状语，表示主语到家时的状态。7. watch out注意；当心【拓展延伸】watch out(for) look out (for)密切注意；留神take care 留神，注意be careful 仔细，留神watch it 当心，小心watch over 照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视look out for sth 当心_ the dog or you may be bitten.A. Watch out B. Look outC. Watch out for D. Look out of【答案】C【解析】句意：小心那条狗，否则你可能会被咬。watch out for当心，后跟宾语。watch out 当心，后不跟宾语；look out当心，后不跟宾语；look out of向外看。I. 单词拼写1. Her school report shows that she is weak in_ (生物).2. I hope you will recover soon under this healthful_ (气候).3. He noticed a plastic bag_ (飘浮)in the sky.4. He_ (拉开)the door open and rushed out.5. There are five scientists in the_ (宇宙飞船).6. She c_ the glass angrily against the wall.7. British p_ Isaac Newton died on March 20th at the age of 84.8. The dog is so g_ that I am not afraid of it.9. Television stations around the world are linked by s_.10. By the earths g_, apples fall to the ground.II. 选词填空cheer up break out watch out for now that watch out1. _ sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.2. Youd better e up with a good idea to _ her _, otherwise she may give up halfway.3. A fierce fight _ between the two brothers just because of a small thing.4. She told her child to _ when crossing the street.5. _ youve grown up, you should not rely on your parents.III. 单项填空1. Why not stay at home _ the road is so slippery after the heavy snow?A. whenB. unlessC. even ifD. now that2. Thinking that the students were having an evening class, the teacher left the classroom, _. A. slowly and gentle B. slowly and gently C. slow and gentle D. slow and gently3. The new method he suggested sounded good in _, but is not practical in use.A. opinionB. policyC. theoryD. principle4. We should try our best to _ those people after the disaster.A. break out B. cheer upC. break up D. cheer on5. Do _ the cars on your way to school.A. watch out B. watch out forC. watch D. watch for6. The price of the flat now is _ that last year.A. as twice high asB. twice more expensive thanC. as high as twiceD. twice the amount of7. Its reported that women with demanding jobs are almost _ to suffer a heart attack.A. as likely twiceB. likely twice asC. twice as likelyD. twice likely asI. 完形填空We tend to think that the happiest people are the ones who have all the good things money, looks, health, love, friends, success, shiny cars, big beautiful houses, but is that really true? I have 1 so many poor and rich people while traveling around the world. I can tell you that often the people who had 2 seemed much3 than the people who had more.About ten years ago when I was an undergraduate student in college, I was 4 as an intern(实习生) in the _5_ of my Universitys Museum of Natural History. One day, while operating the cash register, an elderly couple _6_ with a little girl in a 7. As I took a closer look at this girl, I 8 she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and torso(躯干). She was 9 a little white dress with red dots.As the couple wheeled her up to the 10, I was looking down at the register. I 11 my head toward the girl and gave her a wink(眨眼). As I 12 the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the largest 13 I had ever seen. All of a sudden, her disability was 14 and all I saw was a beautiful little girl, whose smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a 15 new sense of what _16_ was all about.At that time, I was a poor and unhappy college student. The little girl 17 me into her world, a world of smiles, love and warmth. Now Im a successful business person. Whenever I start to feel 18 and think about the troubles of the world, I 19 that little girl and the remarkable 20 about life that she taught me.1. A. calledB. caughtC. met D. weled2. A. muchB. lessC. none D. best3. A. happierB. sadderC. healthier D. richer4. A. purchasingB. workingC. regarded D. described5. A. classroomB. waiting roomC. hotel D. store6. A. interruptedB. disappearedC. entered D. left7. A. wheelchairB. suitcaseC. backpack D. handbag8. A. declaredB. imaginedC. admitted D. realized9. A. putting onB. taking offC. wearing D. dressing10. A. counterB. boundaryC. harbor D. pedestrian11. A. lostB. turnedC. buried D. shook12. A. paidB. spentC. cost D. took13. A. winkB. sighC. smile D. glare14. A. goneB. seriousC. weak D. pitiful15. A. slightlyB. pletelyC. nervously D. hardly16. A. disabilityB. municationC. service D. life17. A. forcedB. persuadedC. permitted D. brought18. A. downB. upC. out D. in19. A. informB. acknowledgeC. remember D. recognize20. A. mottoB. lessonC. history D. natureII. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Li Hua has been living in the city with his parents after he was born. During the past Spring Festival, his parents take him back to their hometown in the countryside for the first time, it made them all happy, especially his grandparents. He enjoyed staying with his grandparents as well as ran in the open air. He took a lot of pictures of the things that seemed strangely and new. He shared his pictures with his friends in the city on Internet. They showed great interest in one of the picture, arguing that he must be about a new kind of hamburger they hadnt tasted yet. Some friends wouldnt wait any longer and called on him for answer. After answered several calls, Li Hua quit their QQ group.1. (xx浙江) If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split2. (xx安徽)I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.Oh great! .A. Good luck B. Cheer upC. Same to you D. Keep it up3. (xx陕西) I got that job I wanted at the public library. _! Thats good news.A. Go ahead B. CheersC. Congratulations D. e on4. (xx安徽)_ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.A. WhereB. AsC. In caseD. Now that5. (xx四川) Ill be out for some time. _ anything important happens, call me up immediately.A. In case B. As ifC. Even though D. Now thatI. 单词拼写1. biology 2. climate 3. floating 4. pulled 5. spaceship6. crashed 7. physicist 8. gentle 9. satellites 10. gravityII. 选词填空1. Watch out for 2. cheer; up 3. broke out4. watch out 5. Now thatIII. 单项填空1. D 【解析】A. 当时候；B. 除非；C. 即使，虽然；D. 既然，由于。句意：既然雪后道路是如此滑，为什么不待在家里面？选D。2. C【解析】句意：想到同学们正在上晚自习，老师轻轻、慢慢地离开了教室。此处用形容词短语作状语。3. C 【解析】句意：这个新方法理论上听起来不错，但是运用起来不实际。in theory理论上。4. B 【解析】句意：在灾后，我们要尽最大的努力使那些人振奋起来。break out爆发，发生；cheer up振奋起来；break up分手，粉碎；cheer on为鼓劲加油。5. B 【解析】句意：去学校的路上一定要注意小汽车。watch out小心，当心，其后不接宾语；watch out for小心，当心，后接宾语；watch看，观察；watch for寻找，等待。6. D 【解析】句意：现在的房价是去年的两倍。考查倍数表达法倍数then.of结构。7. C 【解析】考查倍数表达法。本题考查的是主语谓语倍数asadj.或adv.的原级(as比较对象)。根据语意可知，此处表示患心脏病的几率几乎是(常人)的两倍，所以用twice as likely。I. 完形填空【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。我通过介绍自己在商店内当实习生的经历告诉读者：一个人是否幸福，不在于他多么富有，而在于他的内心是否充满阳光。1. Ccall打电话；catch捕捉；meet遇到；wele欢迎。根据常识可知，旅行期间会遇到许多穷人和富人。故选择C项。2. B句意：我可以告诉你，通常拥有的少的人似乎比拥有的多的人要幸福得多。由句末的more可推知此处应选择其反义词less。3. A由文章首句中的happiest和but is that really true?可知，本文谈论的是幸福观的问题，应选择A项。由下文的例子也可得知答案。4. B由下文提到的an intern可知，我在实习，答案为B项。purchase购买；regard认为；describe描述。5. D根据the cash register和As I12 the money from her grandparents.可知，我的实习场所是就读的大学自然历史博物馆的附属商店，故选D项。6. Cinterrupt打扰；disappear消失；enter进入；leave离开。C项与下文语境相符。7. A下一段首句As the couple wheeled her up to.说明，小姑娘是坐在轮椅上的。8. D当我再仔细地看了看这位小姑娘后，我意识到她只有头、颈和躯体，没有四肢。declare宣布，声明；imagine想象；admit承认；realize意识到。D项符合语境。9. C她穿着一件白底红点的连衣裙。put on穿上，take off脱下，dress穿衣，三者均表示动作。此处指我看到的小姑娘当时穿着的状态，故选择C项。10. A当老夫妻将她推到柜台前面的时候，我正低头看着收银机。counter柜台；boundary边界，分界线；harbor海港；pedestrian人行道。11. B我转头看看她并对她眨眨眼。lose ones head惊慌失措；turn ones head转头；bury ones head埋头；shake ones head摇头。12. D当我向她的爷爷奶奶收钱时又看了看她，她给了我一个我见过的最灿烂的笑容。take在此意为接受，取，D项符合语境。13. C由下文的whose smile just melted me.可知答案为C项。wink眨眼；sigh叹息；glare瞪眼，怒目而视。14. A刹那间，她在我眼中不再残疾，而是一个美丽的女孩，她的笑容融化了我，让我瞬间对生活有了一种全新的感受。gone不复存在的；serious严重的；weak虚弱的；pitiful令人同情的，可怜的。A项与后半句文意一致。15. B由下段中的At that time, I was a poor and unhappy college student.a world of smiles, love and warmth.可推知，我对生活有了一种全新的感受。slightly轻微地；pletely完全地；nervously紧张地，焦急地；hardly几乎不。16. D文章最后一句.about life that she taught me.暗示了答案。17. D她将我从一个不快乐的穷学生带进了她的世界，一个充满了笑容、爱和温暖的世界。force迫使；persuade说服；permit允许；bring带入。D项符合文意。18. A每当我感到沮丧或有烦心事时，我就会想起那个女孩，想到她给我上的有关人生的非凡一课。down在此为形容词，意为沮丧的，伤心的。19. Cinform通知，告知；acknowledge承认；remember想起，记得；recognize认出。C项符合语境。20. Bteach me a lesson about life给我上的关于人生的一课。II. 短文改错Li Hua has been living in the city with his parents he was born. During the past Spring Festival, his parents him back to their hometown in the countryside for the first time, made them all happy, especially his grandparents. He enjoyed staying with his grandparents as well as in the open air. He took a lot of pictures of the things that seemed and new. He shared his pictures with his friends in the city on Internet. They showed great interest in one of the , arguing that must be about a new kind of hamburger they hadnt tasted yet. Some friends wouldnt wait any longer and called him for answer. After several calls, Li Hua quit their QQ group.第一处：aftersince 句意：李华自出生以来一直和父母一起生活在这个城市。主句是现在完成进行时，时间状语从句应用since引导，表示自从以来。第二处：taketook 根据时间状语during the past Spring Festival可知，这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。第三处：itwhich 此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句的内容。第四处：ranrunning as well as引导并列的成分作enjoy的宾语，故将ran改为running。第五处：strangelystrange seem是连系动词，后跟形容词作表语。第六处：在Internet前加the Internet是专有名词，其前需用定冠词the来修饰。第七处：picturepictures one of the +复数名词表示之一。第八处：heit 此处指的是前面提到的那一幅照片，故用it指代。第九处：删除on call sb为固定短语，意为打电话给某人。第十处：answeredanswering 此处After作介词，后跟v-ing形式作宾语。1. A 【解析】句意：如果铁重于水，那么为什么船可以浮在水面上？float漂浮；drown淹死；shrink收缩；split洒出。2. D 【解析】句意：我几乎每天至少有半小时的锻炼。哦，太好了。保持下去A. Good luck祝你好运，B. Cheer up振作起来，C. Same to you和你一样，D. Keep it up保持下去。D项符合语境。3. C 【解析】考查情景交际及语境理解。根据语境，对方说自己得到了渴望已久的工作，听话人应该表示祝贺。A. 继续，好吧；B. 加油；C. 祝贺；D. 加油。故选C。4. A 【解析】句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。where表示地点，引导地点状语从句，这里指让他感到想放弃的地方，故选A。5. A 【解析】A. 万一；B. 仿佛；C. 即使；D. 既然。根据句意可知：给我打电话的前提是如果发生重要的事情，所以前句话表示后面情况发生的一种条件，in case可以引导条件状语从句，故答案选A。句意：我要出去一会。万一有重要事情的话，立即给我打电话。