2019-2020年高三英语第一轮复习 语法专题（1）学案 外研版必修4.doc

2019-2020年高三英语第一轮复习 语法专题（1）学案 外研版必修4 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测。 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，主要有以下几种情况：从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式 (be 的过去式用were)would(could/should/might)动词原形与过去事实相反had动词过去分词would(could/should/might)have过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去式/should动词原形/were to动词原形would(could/should/might)动词原形 If she knew English，she wouldnt ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。 If I were you，I would go to hospital. 如果我是你，我会去医院的。 If I had known her number，I would have called her. 如果我知道她的电话号码的话，我就给她打电话了。 If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。 注意：(1)在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，助动词had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成倒装结构。 Were it necessary，I might resign. 如果需要的话，我可以辞职。 Should they have patience，they could do the work well. 如果他们有耐心的话，他们就可能把这项工作做好。 Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams. 他当时要是学习努力点的话，就会通过这些考试了。 Were she to move right now，she would get there on Sunday. 她要是马上动身的话，星期天就可以到那儿了。 (2)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now. 如果你刚才接受我的建议，你现在会好些。 If you had studied hard before，you would be college student now. 如果你从前努力学习，你现在会是一名大学生。 无“条件”虚拟语气句子 无“条件”是指没有if或I wish等引起表条件的句子，而是用其他形式表现出来，如介词、形容词、名词、代词、连词、动词、分词、从句或上下文等。常用来表示“无条件”的词有：with；without，but for，or，but，otherwise，even，in case of，what if(如果将如何/倘若)。 But for your help，we couldnt have succeeded. 要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。 She wasnt feeling well，otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.她感到不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。 Given more time，we would do it better. 再给些时间，我们会做得更好。 用于宾语从句中 (1)用于wish后的宾语从句中 与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，用had过去分词或would/could have done；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should (could，might)动词原形。 I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一起去。 I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。 (2)用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词有：suggest，advise，propose，mand，request，insist，remend等，宾语从句中谓语动词用should动词原形，should可以省略。 She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预订座位。 He demands that he (should) be told everything. 他要求将一切告诉他。 注意：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话人认为是事实，要用陈述语气。比如，当suggest作“暗示，表明”解，insist不表“坚决要求”，而作“坚持认为”解，从句要用陈述语气。 He insisted that he was not involved in the case. 他坚持认为自己同那个案子没有牵连。 (3)would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，为一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时，表示过去的愿望。Frankly speaking，Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对于此事什么也不要做。 I would rather I had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望昨天把这本书还了。 用在主语从句中 It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pitythat从句，从句中谓语要用should动词原形，should可省略。 Its suggested that the old man (should) be sent to hospital immediately.有人建议应将老人立即送进医院。 Its a pity that he (should) be so careless. 很遗憾，他竟这么粗心。 用在表语从句和同位语从句中 advice，demand，order，request，suggestion，proposal，requirement，remendation等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语要用should动词原形，should可省略。 He give an order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。 Their desire was that a treaty (should) be signed at once. 他们的愿望是马上签订协约。 虚拟语气用在as if (as though)，even if (even though)从句中 He talks as if he knew all about it. 他说起来好像全知道似的。 Even if he were here，he couldnt solve the problem. 即使他在这里，也解决不了这个问题。 1(xx年福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Writing petition. Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have won 【解析】句意为：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。本题考查虚拟语气用法，根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B项。 【答案】B 2. (xx年浙江卷)The doctor remended that you_swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 【解析】 句意为：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。remend后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)do”。 【答案】D 3. (xx年安徽卷)But for their help，we_the program in time. Acan not finish Bwill not finish Chad not finished Dcould not have finished 【解析】句意为：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用could not have finished表示与过去相反。 【答案】D 4. (xx年天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it_break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense. Awould Bshould Ccould Dmight 【解析】句意为：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。 【答案】B 5. (xx年山东卷)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you. Acan manage Bcould have managed Ccould manage Dcan have managed 【解析】句意为：感谢你上周的辛勤工作。我想要不是你辛勤的劳动，我们不可能做成。without you表达的是“如果没有你艰苦工作的话”，结合句子前后内容，本题表达的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，所以选择B项。 【答案】B 6. (xx年全国卷)_he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race. AIf BSince CThough DWhen 【解析】考查与过去情况相反的虚拟语气。从句用if.had done，主句用.would/could have done.。 【答案】A 7. (xx年山东卷)They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. Ahad got Bgot Chave got Dget 【解析】本题考查混合虚拟语气。本题前面部分是事实，后半句是虚拟语气。 【答案】B 8. (xx年全国卷)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_yesterday. Awas happening Bhappens Chas happened Dhappened 【解析】考查虚拟语气。由as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。 【答案】D 9. (xx年福建卷)If it were not for the fact that she_sing，I would invite her to the party. Acouldnt Bshouldnt Ccant Dmight not 【解析】fact后接that引导的同位语从句，用于对其作进一步的解释。她不会唱歌是一个事实，所以要用陈述语气。cant意为“不会”，表示不具备某种能力。 【答案】C 10. (xx年湖北卷)_ fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. AWould you be BShould you be CCould you be DMight you be 【解析】这道题是虚拟条件句的倒装。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were，should或had时，可省略if，再把were，should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。句意为“即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其他福利也不会受到影响”。 【答案】B 1(xx年潍坊检测)The order came that the medical supplies_to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon. Awould be sent Bshould send Cbe sent Dmust be sent 【解析】考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order，suggest，mand等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用shoulddo，should可以省略。 【答案】C 2(xx年福建四地六校第三次联考)The headmaster remended that we_to school on time for the afternoon English reading. Ahad e Bwould e Ce Dcame 【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。在此，remend表“建议，劝告”，其后的宾语从句的谓语用“should动词原形”，且should可以省略。 【答案】C 3(xx年皖南八校第二次联考)Without the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Speaking petition. Awould win Bwould have won Cwould not win Dwould not have won 【解析】考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含虚拟条件句，含有if my English teacher hadnt helped me with my spoken English之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故用与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此D项符合题意。 【答案】D 4(xx年长春第一次调研)It is required that the students_mobile phones in their school，so seldom_them using one. Ashould not use；you will see Bnot use；will you see Cmustnt use；will you see Dnot use；you will see 【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装语序。英语中表示命令、建议或要求的动词或名词后面的从句中通常使用should do形式的虚拟语气，should可以省略。seldom是否定副词，位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装语序。 【答案】B 5(xx年海淀一模)If you_to my birthday party last Saturday，you would have met our old friend Jim. Oh，what a pity! Acame Bhad e Cwould e Dwould have e 【解析】考查虚拟语气。从语意分析，这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟，主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done，条件句用过去完成时态，答案应选B项。 【答案】B 6. (xx年日照二模)“If I_taking drugs，I would be a successful businessman now，” said the dying heroin addict. Adidnt start Bhavent started Chadnt started Dshouldnt start 【解析】考查虚拟语气。此题是一个混合虚拟语气句，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成时，主句指说话时可能产生的结果。 【答案】C 7. (xx年福建检测)I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain. What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I_it. Awouldnt have missed Bwouldnt miss Cdidnt miss Dhadnt missed 【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句为过去完成时，所以主句用would have done结构。 【答案】A 8. (xx年南通二模)Sorry indeed，I_to your birthday party if. Forget it.I know you were out on business. Amust e Bwould e Cmust have e Dwould have e 【解析】考查虚拟语气。此处表示对过去的虚拟，if后面省略了过去完成时 (补充完整应该是if I had not been out on business)，所以主句中应该用should/would/could/might have done结构，因此选D项。 【答案】D 9. (xx年合肥三模)It is required in some colleges that lights in studentsdorms_off by 11 oclock. Abe switched Bwould switch Cshould switch Dmust be switched 【解析】考查虚拟语气。在“It is vital/necessary/important/strange/unusual/natural/surprising/suggested/required/orderedthat从句”结构中，that从句中的谓语动词用 (should)do的形式，而switch off与lights之间存在动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。 【答案】A 10. (xx年合肥二模)Did you make it at last? Yes.But for your help，it_a serious loss. Awould cause Bmust have caused Cwould have caused Dmay cause 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意为：你们最后成功了吗？成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。but for.要不是。 【答案】C 11. (xx年潍坊一模)How I wish I_my mouth before I shouted at my mum! Ashut Bhave shut Chad shut Dwould shut 【解析】该题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟从句，从句要用虚拟语气，因为后面是过去时，故此处表示与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时。 【答案】C 12. (xx年青岛一模)My uncle suggests I_abroad. I would rather you_at home. Ago；stay Bwent；stayed Cgo；stayed Dwent；stay 【解析】suggest当“建议”讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。would rather后面跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处应用过去时。 【答案】C 13. (xx年东北三校第二次联考)Why do you look so upset? I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I_more about her. Acare Bcared Chad cared Dhad been cared 【解析】考查虚拟语气。If only表示“要是就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去的事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done的形式。因此，C项正确。 【答案】C 14(xx年东北三校第一次联考)Why are you so late? I got stuck in the traffic jam，or I_earlier. Aarrived B have arrived Cwould arrive Dwould have arrived 【解析】考查虚拟语气。答语的意思是“我遇到交通堵塞了，否则我本来可以早一点到的”。言外之意是如果不是交通堵塞，就可以早点到达，因此此处是虚拟语气，相当于“If I hadnt got stuck in the traffic jam，I would have arrived earlier.”。 【答案】D 15(xx年南昌二模)Why didnt you buy the gold ring? I_，but I didnt have the money. Awould have Bbought Cwould like to Dhad bought 【解析】考查虚拟语气。上文问的是没有买的理由，下文自然是对过去的事情的原因的陈述，but I didnt have the money给出的是事实，换句话说，如果有钱的话，“我”就会买。所以选A。此处可以变形为：I would have bought it if I had had the money. 【答案】A