2019-2020年高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第二讲词义猜测题.doc

2019-2020年高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第二讲词义猜测题题型1猜测单词类示例(xx全国卷，B)Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But Im just not creative.”27What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AMistake.BDrawback.CDifficulty. DBurden.解题思路第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词Encouraging_this_kind_of_thinking_has_a_downside.I_ran_the_risk_of_losing_those_students_who_had_a_different_style_of_thinking.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答_B_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)The underlined word.probably means_(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word.?2“文中信息”巧利用(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。题型2猜测短语类示例(xx全国卷，D)To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the_water_catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45degreeangled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. 33What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?AThe tube. BThe still.CThe hole. DThe cup.解题思路第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。To_construct_a_working_still,_use_a_sharp_stick_or_rock_to_dig_a_hole_four_feet_across_and_three_feet_deep.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答_B_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)The underlined phrase.could be replaced by_(2)What does the underlined phrase.refer to?2“语境分析”猜短语短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。3明晰干扰选项特征短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：(1)短语的字面意思；(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；(3)凭空杜撰的内容。题型3猜测指代类示例(xx全国卷，C)Despite the celebrations, though, in the US. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.29What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?AJazz being more accessible.BThe production of jazz growing faster.CJazz being less popular with the young.DThe jazz audience being larger. 解题思路第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句Its_Jason_Morans_job_to_help_change_that.第二步试找出该代词所代替的词语此处change that可知that代指上文the music has failed to connect with younger generations。尝试解答_C_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them.” refer to?(2)The underlined part “it/that/they.”(in Para.) refers to_2“就近原则”判指代此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one，which等)或代动词(do，does，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this.)。(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。题型4猜测句意类示例(xx浙江卷，A)The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The_cats_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr.Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.22What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?AThe cat would be closely watched.BThe cat would get some medical care.CBenjamin would leave his home shortly.DBenjamin would have real brushes soon.解题思路第一步速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子Before_long,_the_cat_began_to_look_ragged(蓬乱)When_he_went_home,_he_sent_Benjamin_a_box_of_paint_and_some_brushes.第二步对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案由上一段为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。尝试解答_D_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)Which of the following best explains the underlined part.?(2)What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence above?(3)What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Para.?*2“意义吻合”定句意句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。状元技法顺藤摸瓜猜测词义类题目1做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。2重视并列或转折关系。常见的几种逻辑关系词：but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/or else/unlike/instead/rather than/by contrast/pared to/on the contrary/on the other hand/either.or.3重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：to be defined as/to be called/to mean/to refer to/that is(to say)/in other words/namely,学生用书P47 )A(xx云南高三检测一)My doorbell rings at 11 am. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady. She is small and slight. She holds a paper carrier bag in her hands.I know this lady. It is by no means her first visit. Her daughter, Nicole, bought the house next door last October.Nicole, who is currently in Shanghai, has apparently told her mother that I am having heart surgery shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided I need to be supplied with meals.I know what is inside the paper carrier baga stainless steel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp. This has bee an almostdaily occurrence.munication between my benefactor(恩人) and me is somewhat handicapped by the fact that she doesnt speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “ hello”. Once, she brought an iPad and pointed to the screen, which displayed a message from Nicole telling me that her mother wanted to know if the food was all right.“Your mother just cant be bringing me meals like this all the time，” I protested. “ I can hardly reciprocate by cooking something from my native land, like roast beef or Yorkshire pudding for her, ”I said.“Oh, no，” Nicole said. “Dont worry about that. She has to cook for the family anyway, and she wants to do it for you. You can call her Wing, which is her surname. ” The tenant in my basement suite is a university student who speaks Mandarin quite well, so with her help, I have found out that Wing is 6813 years younger than I am. For my part, I was raised in wartime Britain.So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the others language. But the doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing. Right now I am working on some more Mandarin wordsits the least I can do after such a display of kindness.“Thank you” is, of course, the first one, which somehow seems inadequate.解题导语本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。1. The author and Wing got to know each other_Aas next door neighborsBwhen exchanging mealsCby sharing similar experiencesDafter using an iPad to municateA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“I know this lady.Her daughter，Nicole，bought the house next door last October.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。2The underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 5 probably means “_”Ado as wellBoffer generouslyCgive in return Daccept with pleasureC解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Your mother just cant be bringing me meals like this all the time”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。3The authors effort to learn Mandarin shows her_Agreat satisfaction Breal kindnessCheartfelt thanks Dsincere friendshipC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“its the least I can do after such a display of kindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。B(xx云南高三检测二)Half of primary schools will adopt the traditional Chinese method of maths teaching in a Government drive to stop British youngsters from falling behind their_Asian_counterpartsYoungsters in the UK. lag way behind those in China, Singapore and Japan in numeracy(计算能力). In the latest PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests for 15yearolds, Shanghai came top in maths while the UK. came 26th.The school will give up “childcentred” styles and instead return to repetition, drills and “chalk and talk” wholeclass learning. Primary school children will be taught “Shanghai maths” as British schools copy Chinese teaching methods to improve standards. So far 140 teachers have been trained in the approach.Currently, classes are often divided into groups based on ability. Critics blame the British teaching styles that focused on applying maths to reallife situations in an effort to make the subject more interesting. They say this has led to confusion and stopped children learning the basics. Under the Governments new plans, children as young as five will have drills to practise sums and exercises, and must master each concept before moving to the next.Nick Gibb, the schools minister, said that training will be provided for 8，000 primary schoolshalf the countrys totalto switch to the Shanghai “mastery” approach.“We are seeing a renaissance(复兴) in maths teaching in this country, with good ideas from around the world helping to cheer up our classrooms，” he said.解题导语本文是一则新闻报道。英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的数学教学模式来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。4The underlined words “their Asian counterparts” in Paragraph 1 refer to_Athe weak pupils in AsiaBthe young students in AsiaCthe primary schools in AsiaDthe maths teachers in AsiaB解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“British youngsters”可知，此处指英国政府将在半数英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落后于亚洲同龄人。由此可推断出，画线部分指的是Asian youngsters，即亚洲的少年们。故选B。5Which of the following is an approach of “Shanghai maths”？AChildren can choose to learn what interests them.BChildren are given different work based on their ability.CChildren are taught in groups rather than as an entire class.DChildren are required to master a concept before they progress.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的.and must master each concept before moving to the next.可知，“上海数学”要求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握每一个概念。故选D。6Recently, some British maths teachers have been trained to_Aincrease the difficulty levelBconduct “childcentred” classesCguide students to repeat and drillDmeet the needs of smart studentsC解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的The school will give up “childcentred” styles and instead return to repetition, drills and “chalk and talk” wholeclass learning.并结合第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。故选C。7What is Nick Gibbs attitude toward the new teaching style?ASupportive.BDoubtful.CCautious. DNegative.A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，Nick Gibb非常支持这种新的教学模式。故选A。专题强化训练11词义猜测题猜测单词类/短语类学生用书P97(单独成册)A(xx河北石家庄高三质检)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude(感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadnt really done anything yet.I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friends mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didnt want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.” I did, and I will never regret it.Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.解题导语本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。1Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?AHe built shelters for them.BHe gave immediate first aid to them.CHe came to stay with them.DHe brought mental health professionals.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer psychological first aid and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence.”可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。2What did the author do when his friends mother passed away?AHe hesitated over whether to go.BHe went to his friends at once.CHe knew what to do instantly.DHe decided not to disturb his friend.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didnt want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。3What does the underlined word “solemn” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AHeavy but warm.BA little sad but cosy.CRelaxing and delightful.DVery serious and unhappy.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“His family, playing guitars and singing”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However.no means”和第三段第二句中的“a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。4What has the author learned from his experience?AA friend in need is a friend indeed.BBeing present can make a big difference.CThe family harmony is the happiest thing in life.DBeing a volunteer can make ones life more significant.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。B(xx重庆调研推测二)As the world bees more connected, the number of people living outside their home country is on the rise. To find out what makes expats(移民) happy in their new hometown, the global munity network InterNations recently conducted their annual Expat Insider survey.In Malta, warm weather and nearness to Europe are the big draws for this Mediterranean nation. The climate leads to a slower pace of life.“Some shops have a siesta early in the afternoon, and many people notice slow service at the restaurants，” said an InterNations Consul from Rome. “I remember sitting at a table around 8 pm. once and leaving at midnight! We only had a starter and one main.”In Ecuador, friendly people, affordable healthcare and tasty, cheap food are just a few reasons as to why expats love living in Ecuador. Plus, the countrys diverse cities give expats a lot of choices.“The beauty of Ecuador is the variety，” said an InterNations ambassador. “The people who e to retire in Ecuador often look for a lower cost of living, so the coastline, the southern part of Ecuador and Ambato will fit this type of expat. In the case of businessminded or outgoing expats, Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca are the cities to live in.” The bigger cities do e at a cost, he warned, with higher prices for rent and eating out.In New Zealand, the countrys natural beauty draws people from across the world, and with easy access to both cities and beaches, expats usually adopt the local relaxed lifestyle.An InterNations Ambassador from Hong Kong notes that a typical Kiwi works 8：30 am. to 5 pm., never overtime, and enjoys meals and weekend activities, like house parties, road trips or hiking, with their family.解题导语本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项目的在于弄清是什么使移民人士在新家乡感到快乐的调查研究。5What is InterNations survey for?ATo study why the number of expats is on the rise.BTo make clear what the exact number of expats is.CTo look into how expats adopted their new hometown.DTo discover what pleases expats in their adopted countries.D解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句To find out what makes expats(移民) happy in their new hometown, the global munity network InterNations recently conducted their annual Expat Insider survey.可知，InterNations的调查是为了弄清楚是什么令移民人士对他们移民的国家感到满意。故选D。6What does the underlined word “siesta” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ASale.BBreak.CPromotion. DExhibition.B解析：词义猜测题。由上文中的“slower pace of life”可知，这些地方的生活节奏很慢，饭店的服务也很慢，由此可推知，商店在下午早早就打烊了。“siesta”应意为“休息”，与B项意思最为接近。故选B。7What do we know about the expats to Ecuador?ARich expats would like to live in Ambato.BAll the expats love the lower cost of living.COutgoing expats are likely to choose Cuenca.DThe bigger cities are the best choices for poor expats.C解析：细节理解题。由第五段第三句In the case of businessminded or outgoing expats, Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca are the cities to live in.可知，性格外向的移民可能会选择昆卡作为定居的城市。故选C。8Expats choose New Zealand because of its_Aspecial climate Btypical animalsCnatural beauty Dfast pace of lifeC解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，移民选择新西兰主要是因为它的自然美景。故选C。C(xx银川4月检测)Crossing your legs is an extremely mon habit; most people dont even notice that theyre doing it when they sit down. While you may find it fortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You wont feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawnout increases in blood pressure can cause longterm health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Dont keep your legs crossed.“Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，” explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your anklewhat we know as that “pins_and_needles” sensation. While the feeling of disfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.解题导语本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下