2019-2020年高考英语语法考点整理.doc

2019-2020年高考英语语法考点整理冠词、不定冠词要点： 对于the与a, an的理解（弄清“特指”与“泛指”） 牢记常见固定搭配（词组 / 短语） 牢记只能用the或只能用零冠词的几种情况重点：表示“某一”的意思时，专有名词及月份、星期的名词前用a或ana / an + 名词 + 修饰性的定语从句或介词短语在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指，完全看语境的暗示。有些名词如music、nature、society、history前通常不用冠词，除非特指序数词与不定冠词连用例题：1. _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head. （08浙江）A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填2. - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?（2006全国） - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one3.I know you dont like music very much. But what do you think ofmusic in the film we saw yesterday? （2006全国） A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;the4. I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Sundays.（03年）A. a, anB. the, aC. an, a D. an, the5.In_ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of_ heart disease by 76%.（06湖南）A. a; the B. the;a C. a ;不填D.不填;a6. I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near _ puter. (06北京)A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 7. What I need is_book that contains_ABC of oil painting. （09全国II ）A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the8. What_pity that you couldnt be there to receive_prize! （09陕西）A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the9. In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.（09四川）A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 10. We are nearly of _age. I was born on the afternoon of May 1st and he was on the evening.A. anB. 不填C. theD. a名 词要点： 常用的修饰名词，表示名词数量的词组辨析 名词的所有格 (s / of) 及双重所有格 (of +s) 名词的单复数与谓语的关系 名词辨析例题：1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. （xx年）A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have2. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them. （03上海）A. large amount ofB. masses of C. the number of D. many of3. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles. (04 全国)A.length B.distance C.way D.space4. Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? （08福建） A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion5. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _.（08山东）A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business6. -Shall we go out for a walk? （08 江西）- Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance代 词要点： 人称代词（主格 / 宾格）、物主代词、反身代词 指示代词（it, that, this）的用法it的用法：指代上文中的物或事；用作表示年份、时间、季节、气候的主语；用作形式主语或形式宾语that 在同类事物的比较句中的用法 不定代词： another, other(s), the others both, either, neither, all, none one, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little each, every 复合不定代词：（与形容词的位置关系）-thing, -one, -body例题：1. Both team were in hard training; _ was willing to lose the game. （xx年） A. eitherB. neitherC. anotherD. the other2. Shanghai is really a nice city and we decided to stay for _ two weeks. （xx年）A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. others3. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.（xx年）A. eitherB. the otherC. othersD. another4. Little Annas parents walked slowly, one after _, through the shallow water of a stream to search for her lost bag. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 9 One of the most important questions they had to consider was _of public health. （09海南）Awhat Bthis Cthat Dwhich2. The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to _ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. (07 上海) A. bothB. othersC. anyone D. another7. What do you think of the performance today? Great! but a musical genius could perform so successfully. (07 江西) A. All B. None C. Anybody D. Everybody数 词要点： 分数、时间、编码的用法 hundred, thousand, million, billion, score, dozen + s + of表示数量多 表示数量单位的词作定语的用法例题：She went to the bookstore and bought_.A. dozen booksB. dozens booksC. dozen of booksD. dozens of books形容词和副词要点： 形容词在句中的位置（前置定语 / 后置定语 / 表语） 多个形容词、副词的排序 诸如close与closely副词的辨析 常用程度副词的辨析：very, much, (by)far, quite, rather, fairly, too, so, such, enough, badly, much too, almost, nearly, hardly, that, this 连接上下文的副词 如，therefore, however,形容词作伴随状语 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级：不规则变化； 比较级的修饰词； 劣等比较； 比较级表示最高级；asas的用法 more than的用法 倍数的表达 the morethe more的用法；cannot too no+比较级+than与not+比较级+than的用法辨析例题： 1. As I know, there is _ car in this neighborhood. （xx年）A. no suchB. no aC. not suchD. no such a2. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _. （02年上海）A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life3. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _ Great Britain. （xx年）A. three times the size asB. the size three times ofC. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of4. It was a nice house, but _ too small for a family of live. （09天津）A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty5. How much_he looked without her glasses! （09 海南）A. well B. good C. best D. better6. My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice _ expensive . （09四川） A. as B. so C. too D. very7. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. (07 上海)A. more carefullyB. the most carefully C. less carefullyD. the least carefully8. A new _ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. (07 天津)A. normal B. usualC. regular D. mon9. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _.（08北京） A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired10. Last nighy Mr. Crook didnt e back at the usual time. _, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight. （08湖南）A. Meanwhile B. However C. Instead D. Yet 动 词要点： 连系动词的语法功能：（+表语） 延续动词和瞬间动词的转化 情态动词的用法：can, may, must, need, dare, shall, should, ought to 情态动词+have done的用法（should/ought to/could/ neednt have done） 动词的时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时） 动词的语态：（注意：用主动表被动的情况）动词短语辨析、动词词义辨析动词虚拟语气例题：1. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. （xx年）A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would survive D. will survive2. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _from the university next year. （02上海）A. will graduateB. will have graduatedC. graduates D. is to graduate3. 29. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _ to arrive. （08全国I）A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected4. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _it. （xx年）A. doesnt mentionB. hadnt mentionedC. didnt mentionD. hasnt mentioned5. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ on the phone all the time! (08湖南卷)A. was talking B. has been talking C. has talked D. talked 6. Tom, you didnt e to the party last night?I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. (07 全国卷II)A. had to B. didnt C. was going toD. wouldnt7. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. （xx年）8. They_ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. (07 山东)Ahad got Bgot Chave got Dget 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other for nearly two years.(07 安徽) A. didnt speak B. hadnt spoken C. haven t spoken D. havent been speaking10. The teacher _have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. (07 安徽) A. should B. can C. would D. must11. 一What does the sign over there read?一“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”(07 四川)Awill Bmay Cshall D. must12. At minus 130, a living cell can be _ for a thousand years. (07 上海) A. sparedB. protectedC. preserved D. developed13. The news of the mayors ing to our school for a visit was on the radio yesterday. (07 福建)A. turned out B. found out C. given out D. carried out14. - Sorry, I have to _ now. Its time for class.- OK, Ill call back later. （09天津）A. hang up B. break up C. give up D. hold up15. The teacher stressed again that the students should not _ any important details while retelling the story. （08 湖北卷） A. bring outB. let out C. leave outD. make out 非谓语动词的用法： 理解非谓语的概念、基本形态（doing, done, to do）及时态、语态 非谓语动词做主语（it做形式主语；动名词的复合结构） 非谓语动词做表语 非谓语动词做宾语（it做形式宾语；部分动词+doing与+to do的辨析；动名词的复合结构；动词不定式做宾语时的省略） 非谓语动词做宾语补足语（动词不定式做部分动词的宾补时“to”的省略以及在被动句中“to”的还原） 非谓语动词做定语（-ing和-ed分词的辨析，不定式的主动与被动） 非谓语动词做状语（分词结构的逻辑主语和主句的逻辑主语一致）例题：1. The bell _ the end of the class rang, _ our heated discussion. （xx年）A. indicating, interruptingB. indicated, interruptingC. indicating, interruptedD. indicated, interrupted2. Finding her car stolen, _. （xx年）A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help3. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! (07 安徽) A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking4. Dont use words, expressions or phrases_ only to people with specific knowledge. （02上海）A. being knownB. having knownC. to be known D. known5. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. （xx年上海）A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed6. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.(07 全国卷II)A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close7.Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tired B. tiring C. tried D. to be tired 8. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it . （09湖南）A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused9. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. （xx年上海）A. that, to be improved B. which, to be improvedC. where, improvingD. when, improving10. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week _ TV. （xx年）A. to watch B. to watchingC. watching D. watch11. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. （xx年）A. causingB. being causedC. to be caused D. be have caused12. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （xx年）A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt13. English has large vocabulary, hasnt it?Yes, _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and municate. （xx年）A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known14. _ into use in April xx, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （xx年）A. PutB. Putting C. Having put D. Being put15. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. (07 山东)Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched 16. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. （xx年）A. takingB. takenC. having taken D. being taken17. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. （xx年）A. sittingB. having sat C. to sit D. sat介 词要点： 牢记固定的介词词组 准确把握重要介词的用法 辨析意义相近的介词 双重介词 如： from among, from behind, from across, in between, till after分词介词 如：considering, including, concerning, regarding例题：1. The sunlight came in _ the windows in the roof and lit up the room. （xx年）A. throughB. acrossC. onD. over2.The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time. （xx年） A.fromB.in C.of D.at3. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _ an inch. （xx年）A. byB. atC. toD. from4. The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _ the wildlife in the area. （xx年）A. inB. onC. atD. with5. The accident is reported to have occurred _ the first Sunday in February. （xx年） A. at B. on C. in D. to6. Its quite me why such things have been allowed to happen. （xx年安徽）AforBbehindCagainstDbeyond7. Scientists are convinced_the positive effect of laughter_physical and mental health. (07 江西) A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at8. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly _size and shape.(07 上海) A. onB. fromC. byD. in9 I began to feel_in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. （08山东）Aat homeBat heartCat willDat sight10 I have offered to paint the house_a weeks acmodation. （07山东）Ain exchange for Bwith regard to Cby means of Din place of句 法 句 型要点： 感叹句（区别what与how） 反意疑问句：（注意宾语从句的反意疑问句） 强调句：It + 被强调部分 + that + 从句 倒装句：（牢记必须使用倒装的情况） 并列句：（转折、因果、联合、选择） 转折：but, yet, however, 对比：while 因果：for, so, 并列：and, not onlybut also，either or, neithernor 选择：or, eitheror例题：1. So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.（xx年） A. I have feltB. have I feltC. I did felt D. did I feel2. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _?（xx年） A. do IB. dont IC. will they D. wont they3. Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _? （xx年） A. is heB. isnt heC. doesnt she D. does she4. You forgot your purse when you went out. Good heavens, _.（xx年）A. so did IB. so I didC. I did so D. I so did5. Only when your identity has been checked _.（xx年） A. you are allowed inB. you will be allowed in C. will you allow inD. will you be allowed in6. It is these poisonous products _ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headaches and aching muscles.（xx年）A. whoB. thatC. how D. what7. Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? （xx年） A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt be D. is he8. _ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.（xx年）A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring9. Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say?（xx年）A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it that D. How it is that10. There was a loud scream from the backstage after the concert ended, _?（xx年）A. wasnt thereB. was thereC. didnt it D. did it11. Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.（xx年）A. has this city beenB. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was12. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, , in fact, there were 40. (06全国) A. while B. whether C. what D. which13. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (06北京) A. and B. for C. but D. or14. So much of interest _ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. (08上海)A. offers BeijingB.Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer15. _ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about Firefighting. （08湖南）A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D.Search16. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. (07 重庆)A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound从 句要点： 名词性从句：（wh-从句和that从句 / 主从时态一致 / 从句的语序） 主语从句：（注意it作形式主语的情况） 表语从句： 宾语从句：（注意it作形式宾语的情况 / 特殊疑问句 / 反意疑问句/否定转移） 同位语从句 定语从句：（先行词+关系代词/关系副词+从句） 关系代词which和that的用法区别以及省略的情况 其他关系代词：who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why 状语从句：（时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、比较、条件、让步） 时间：when(ever), while, as, until, till, once, before, after, since, 一就 地点：where(ever) 原因：because, as, since, now that, given , considering 结果：sothat, suchthat 目的：so that, in order that 方式：as, as if, as though 比较：than, the same as, asas 条件：if, unless, as long as 让步：although, though, while, even if, as, whetheror, -ever, no matter-例题：1. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.（xx年）A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as2. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.（xx年）A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why3. _, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. （xx年）A. As long as I have traveledB. Now that Ive traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveledD. As Ive traveled so much4. Eric received training in puter for one year, _ he found a job in a big pany. (07 辽宁)A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (07 天津)A. when B. whose C. which