2019-2020年高考英语语法 非谓语动词练习.doc

2019-2020年高考英语语法 非谓语动词练习NOTICE：记住词性及在句中所承担的语法成分 (非限定性动词相当于n. adj. adv. 的用法，具体如下)。1. 动名词( doing ) : n. adj. (其中动名词有四种形式即：一般式的主动形式(doing): n. adj. ，一般式的被动形式(being done): n. adj.，完成式的主动形式(having done): n.，完成式的被动形式(having been done): n. ) Notice:当完成式起名词作用时可与一般式互换,此种类型常跟在介词(for,after,upon,on,about,without,with,etc.)后。即:having done = doing ,having been done = being done ,如:Im sorry for . , Im upset about having been punished / being punished by my teacher。常与时态连考(一般式,完成式) 。常考主动表被动，表示需要做/该做. : require / want / need / deserve.doing = require / want / need / deserve. to be done ，值得做：be (well) worth doing = be worthy to be done / of being done.与there be句型连考。与某些特殊句型连考。2. 不定式( to do ): n. adj. adv. Notice: to do表示意想不到的结果状语,常与Only连用。其进行时无被动 (其理论上是有“进行时”的被动的，但极少用或为了使句子更加简洁，所以有的语法书上就干脆说，其“进行时”是无被动的)。 in order / so as to do表目的时,其否定形式不能用not in order / so as to do ,而必须用in order / so as not to do。常考too.to do.作结果状语（A. too + adj./adv.(多表性质，特征) + to do.“太.而不能”，主语可为人可为物，起消极作用；B.（not/never/only/all/but.）+ too + adj./adv.(表示乐意，愿意，容易等，如：eager,glad,easy,happy,pleased,etc.) + to do.时，“too”相当于“very”,“to do”不表示结果而表原因,主语多为人，且起积极作用；C. 句型：“not too.to do.”表肯定，译为：“不太.可以.” ； “too.not to do.”表双重否定，译为：“太.不能不.”）。可与wh-/how连用 。常考主动表被动。表示过去本想做而没有做:V-ed +to have done = had done to do,would like / love to have done 。常跟不带to的不定式(如，表示“别无选择或不得不做.”:cannot but do ,cannot help but do ,cannot choose but do ,etc.)。 to的省略:(如: besides ,but ,except 的前有do后省to,及其他形式的省略)。 常与时态连考（一般式,完成式）（常考句型: Its said /believed/reported.that +主语+其他=主语+be+said/believed/reported.to do/to be doing /to have done/to have been doing）。与there be句型连考。与某些特殊句型连考。3. 分词( V-ing 表主动进行/ V-ed 表被动完成 ): adj. adv. Notice: 由于完成式无adj.形式，所以在(限)定从的省略中完成式是不能做定语的，即无:having done的形式（但可作非限定性定语，也常被称为作状语或提于句首）,但可用done来代替having done/having been done。常与定语从句的省略连考。 Being done/ Having been done作状语时的用法：A.“Being done”表示“(当时)正在被”相当于“When done”或“(当时)存在 / 伴随的状态”。B.在Having been done中:a. 若中文出现“后”“已经”等（字眼/时间状语）（英文却又没有给出如：“many/several times/years”等） ，则最好加上“Having been” b. 若中英文都没有给出明确的（已完成）的时间状语，则最好不加“Having been” c. 若中英文都没有明确的时间状语，但句意中的时间先后性极强，则最好加上“Having been” d 若英文中出现：many/several times ,etc. 则一定要加上“Having been”。（独立主格中也是如此）C.“Having been done”侧重于表动作被动的先后顺序；而“done”除了表被动外，还表(已完成的)状态。常考V-ing作结果状语，其前可加thus,thereby。作状语时可转化为对应的状语从句(伴随状语除外)，且常与时态连考(一般式,完成式)。若强调时间，对比，转折关系时，则连词最好不要省(如:作条件状语时，若有连词unless ,则unless不能省,作让步状语时，若有连词though ,则也不要省)。表示感官/感觉/使役/致使动词(hear,feel,find,notice,see,keep,set,make,have,get,wish,leave,watch,imagine,etc.)+sb/sth+分词,其中如何选择V-ing/V-ed作宾补，要注意以下三个方面:A.make,wish,want(特殊)后通常跟done作宾补（ Notice： want其宾补要注意以下几种情况：（not） want sb / sth (to be) done（被动）(常用) / doing（主动）（want前常带有否定词not）。区别(not) want sb / sth to do与want sb (not) to do .句型：make sb/sth do ; make oneself done ）。B.set 后常用doing作宾补。(eg: His question has set me thinking deeply ) 。C.作宾补的分词若表示“正在被”，则前面要加being。短暂性动词的V-ing不可作定语(eg: A. Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists ；B. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists )。 being + adj.不可作后置定语。注意区别与动名词的说(叫)法和用法。 4. 非谓语动词的四种复合结构 ( 由于有些非谓语动词的施动者不是主句的主语，则要添加其逻辑主语防止产生歧义。一般来说，逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者(它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系)，所以必定能在所在分句中找到，否则就会被视为语法错误。但是，有的逻辑主语却允许不表示出来: 如，无依着(悬垂/垂悬)分词（通常暗含主语为：you ,he ,we ,it ,they ,one ,etc.在不影响句意(即给出语境)的情况下是可以被接受的 ，若在无语境的情况下，则常会引起歧义是不能被接受的。另外悬垂结构通常出现在科技，新闻等文章杂志上，不鼓励在学习中使用） ，被约定俗成的习惯用语(如：judging from / by ,according to ,etc.)。等): 动名词的复合结构，不定式的复合结构，分词的复合结构(独立主格结构)，With 的复合结构（）。 动名词的复合结构:逻辑主语有生命:形容词性物主代词/名词s动名词。逻辑主语无生命:代词普通格/n.动名词. ( Notice: 若逻辑主语虽表示有生命，但表示的是一类人时,不用;若复合结构在句中作宾语(表示有生命的人或物)时也可用;有多个逻辑主语并列时,不用;逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词时,不用) 。 不定式的复合结构: for / of sb to do 分词的复合结构(独立主格结构): n. / pron.(主格) +分词/n./adj./adv./to do/介词短语 With的复合结构（）: With + O + OC (V-ing/V-ed/n./adj./adv./to do./介词短语) (其中,V-ing表示主动进行,V-ed表示被动完成,to do表示将来,adj./adv.表示状态,介词短语表示位置.) ( Notice:“OC”的形式通常根据其前的“O”来定（尤其“OC”是“V-ed”，“V-ing”的形式），但“to do”除外。with复合结构中的纯净结构。Without后跟动名词的复合结构,因为Without是介词). 总的来说：动名词：n. adj.（Notice:一般式：n. adj.；完成式：n.）to do：n. adj. adv.分词（现在分词 / 过去分词）：adj. adv.（Notice:一般式：adj. / adv. 完成式：adv.）经典例题: 单项选择 He was busy writing a story ,only _ once in a while to make a cigarette. A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped It isnt cold enough for there _ a frost tonight ,so I can leave Jims car out quite safely. A. would be B. being C. was D. to be Theres no _ what he is going to do. A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell “Do you have any clothes _ today ?” the maid said. A. washing B. to wash C. to be washing D. to be washed5. The mothers saw their children well _ at the nursery. A. taking care of B. take care of C. to be taken care of D. taken care of In order not to be disturbed ,I spent three days _ up in my study. A. lock B. locked C. locking D. to lock7. Please remain _ to accept the fellowship . A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. stand As the light turned green ,I stood for a moment ,not _ ,and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being movedA young woman saw a pair of fashion boots in a shop that set her heart _ .But the price was far beyond her means. A. to race B. racing C. race D. racedId love _ the party night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone Under the environment of fierce petition ,the only way John could imagine _ stress was to get tougher via making greater efforts. A. handling B. handled C. of handling D. having handled Sometimesnewideashavetobetestedmanytimesbefore_. A.acceptingfully B.beingfullyaccepted C.fullyaccepting D.fullybeingacceptedWhile watching television ,_ . A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings _ the doorbell ,the little girl jumped out of the couch and went to open for her father. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. Heard D. To hearThe old man ,_ so badly ,almost lost his memory. A. hurting B. having been hurt C. being hurt D. to be hurt 单句改错。Attention：单句改错改错时改“错”，而不是把句中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多人对这个概念比较模糊。把原句中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。下面每句话中有一处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。（修改后不改变句子意思） 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 1. Such / That is the case,wed better make another plan . 2. We cant imagine there is such a big library in the town . 3. The villagers want there be a bridge over the river . 4. Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. 5. In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. 6.Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. 7. They are quiet ,arent they ? Yes .They are accustomed to not talk at meal . 8 Id like very much e but I have an examination on Monday morning. 9. I waved to her but failed attract her attention. 10. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.