2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习Unit4Sharing讲义新人教版选修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习Unit4Sharing讲义新人教版选修重点单词1.fortnight n两星期2concept n观念；概念3remote adj.遥远的；偏僻的4weed n杂草；野草vt.& vi.除杂草5sniff vi.& vt.嗅；闻6otherwise conj.否则；不然adv.用别的方法；其他方面7astronaut n宇航员；太空人8angle n角，角度9catalogue n目录10purchase vt.& n买；购买11anniversary n周年纪念(日)12sew vi.(用针线)缝vt.缝制；缝合13trunk n树干；躯干；大衣箱14click vi.& vt.(使)发出咔嗒声n咔嗒声15muddy adj.泥泞的；泥土般的mud n泥vt.弄脏；用泥涂16relevant adj.有关的；切题的relevance n中肯；切题relevantly adv.有关地；切题地irrelevantly adv.无关地；不切题地17adjust vt.& vi.调整；(使)适合adjustable adj.可调整的adjustment n调整；调节；适应18participate vi.参与；参加participation n参加；参与participant n参与者19interpreter n作口译的人interpret vi.解释；翻译vt.说明；口译20privilege n特权；特别优待privileged adj.享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的21arrangement n安排；排列arrange v安排；排列22donate vt.捐赠；赠送donation n捐赠donator n捐赠者23voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的volunteer n自愿者；志愿者vi.自愿做24seed n种子；萌芽seedling n秧苗；树苗25distribution n分配；分发；分布状态distribute vt.分配；分发26security n安全；保护；保障secure vt.使安全27operate vi.工作；运转vt.操作operation n手术；运转operator n操作人员重点短语1.hear_from 接到的信2.(be)_dying_to 极想；渴望3the_other_day 不久前的一天 4e_across 偶然遇到或发现；碰见5be_relevant_to 与有关 6.dry_out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透7dry_up (指河流、井等)干涸 8.in_need 在困难中；在危急中9participate_in 参加；参与 10.distribute.to 把分配给重点句型1.“do动词原形”的强调句But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.(教材P29)2“from where.”结构的功能We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.(教材P29)3with 复合结构在句中作定语Tombes father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roofthis shows it is a mans house.(教材P29)4not.but.连接两个并列成分The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(教材P34)语法要点复习限制性定语从句.Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.(教材P29).first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views.(教材P29)The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.(教材P30)1relevantadj.有关的；切题的Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.(教材P29)有时候，我真想知道，化学与这些学生究竟有多大的关联。他们中的大多数上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。be relevant to(have sth to do with)与有关be irrelevant to与不相关totally/pletely/largely irrelevant完全/绝对/基本上无关的I dont think his remarks are relevant to our discussion.我认为他的话与我们的讨论无关。The documents are largelyirrelevant(relevant) to the present investigation. They are useless.这些文件与目前进行的调查基本上不相干。没什么用处。2adjustvt.& vi.调整；(使)适合The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.(教材P30)小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛过了好一阵才适应过来。(1)(2)(3)adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的Mr Brown has some difficulty in adjusting to the new climate.布朗先生不大容易适应新的气候。When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to living(live) on his own. 当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独立生活。Everybody knows that we need to make some necessary adjustments(adjust) to this new situation and need to get better.大家都知道我们需要做些必要的调整来适应新形势，以使我们变得更好。3participatevi.参与；参加；分享I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation.(教材P30)尽管我不能参与他们的交谈，但我喜欢听他们家人用自己的语言互相轻声说话。(1)(2)participant n参加者；共享者(3)participation n参与；分担；共享All students are encouraged to participate in managing the college.所有学生被鼓励参与学院的管理工作。All the participants(participate) in the debate will have an opportunity to speak.所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言。We want more participation(participate) in the decisionmaking.我们想更多地参与决策。4donatevt.捐赠；赠送Would you like to donate an unusual gift? (教材P34)你愿意捐献一份不平常的礼物吗？(1)donate(2)(3)donator n捐赠者，赠送者They used to donate large sum of money to the Red Cross every year.他们过去每年都向红十字会捐献大笔的钱。Local people lined up to donate blood for the brave girl. 当地群众排队给这位勇敢的姑娘献血。Charities appealed for donations(donate) of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane. 慈善机构呼吁为飓风的受害者们捐献食品和衣物。5distributionn分配；分发；分布This gift covers the cost of production and distribution of seedlings, as well as training in tree care for the local villagers who are working hard to prevent their land from turning into desert.(教材P35)这份礼物包含了幼树苗的培育和运输费用，也包含了为阻止田地沙漠化而辛勤劳动的当地村民参加护树培训的费用。(1)have a wide distribution 分布广泛(2)There is a large number of Egyptian pyramids and they have a wide distribution (distribute)埃及金字塔数量众多，分布广泛。Immediately after his election he began to distribute major offices among/to his friends and supporters.他当选后立即着手将要职分派给他的朋友和支持者们。6operatevi.工作；运转；起作用；动手术vt.操作；经营This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbooks for munity primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages.(教材P35)这份礼物包含了支援贫困或偏远山村社区小学的练习册和课本的费用。【一词多义】写出下列句中operate的含义。This famous doctor has operated on many major figures.做手术The medicine will quickly operate on such patients. 起作用The lift was not operating properly. 运转No matter which machine he operates, he will deal with it carefully.操作The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.经营(1)operate on/upon sb给某人动手术(2)Its a wonderful scheme, and hes just the man to put it into operation(operate)这是一个很好的计划，而他正是实施这个计划的人选。I am afraid your leg will have to be_operated(operate) on; there is no other way to stop the pain. 我恐怕你的腿不得不手术了，没有其他办法止痛。1(be) dying to渴望；极想I know youre dying to hear all about my life here.(教材P29)我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况。(1)be dying/thirsty for sth渴望得到某物(2) When will the result of the exam be announced? The students are dying to_know(know) it.考试结果什么时候公布？学生们渴望知道结果。She was dying for a holiday to relax herself.她渴望有一个假期来放松一下自己。Mike is eager to stay away from the busy city life for a while.迈克渴望离开繁忙的城市生活一段时间。2in need在困难中；在危急中in need of需要satisfy/meet ones needs满足某人的需要there is no need for sb to do sth某人没有必要做某事Suffering from war, poverty and illness, many African children are in need of food, love and care.受战争、贫穷和疾病的折磨，许多非洲的孩子需要食物、爱和关心。Theres no need for you to be concerned about his future.你没有必要担心他的未来。【巧学活用】 高考小作文我们社会中的每一个人都应该帮助那些需要帮助的人，但更重要的是真诚和认真。Everyone_in_our_society_should_help_those_in_need,_but_it_is_more_important_to_be_sincere_and_earnest.1“from where.”结构的功能We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.(教材P29)我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里先是爬山，爬到山脊时能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。【句式点拨】句中from where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge；在“介词关系词”型定语从句中，关系词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where和since when。from where主要有以下两种用法： (1)相当于 and from there(从那儿)，用于引导非限制性定语从句。如： He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance. 他躲在一棵树上，从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。 (2)相当于from the place where，可视为where前省略了the place，意思是“从的地方，离的地方”。如： From where I stood I could see everything clearly. 从我站的地方可以将一切都看得清清楚楚。 I have bought that house, and from there I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.I have bought that house, from where I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.我买下了那幢房屋，从那里我可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美丽风光。I made the acquaintance of Mr Stephen, and since then we have kept in touch and shared a lot concerning cloning technology. I made the acquaintance of Mr Stephen, since when we have kept in touch and shared a lot concerning cloning technology. 我和斯蒂芬先生结识了，从那以后我们一直保持联系并且分享了许多有关克隆技术的知识。2not.but.连接两个并列成分The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(教材P34)你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些真正有需要的人的一种志愿性捐助。【句式点拨】your loved one keeps是定语从句，修饰先行词something；who really need it也是定语从句，修饰先行词people。主句的表语有两个，即something和a voluntary contribution，并由not.but.连接，意为“不是，而是”。not.but.连接两个平行成分，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数按照“就近一致”的原则确定。It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.能给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.能使一个人成为科学家的不是这些工具，而是他使用这些工具的方法。Not you but she is_wanted(want) on the telephone.电话里那人找的是她而不是你。 【提示】 not only.but (also)., either.or., neither.nor.连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定；as well as连接主语时，谓语动词的数按“就前一致”原则确定。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.2Much new knowledge is remotefrom the immediate interest of the ordinary person.3If this product does not give plete satisfaction, please return it to the manufacturer stating when and where it was_purchased(purchase)4The travel pany made arrangements(arrange) for our hotels and flights.5He soon adjusted himself to the way of life and lived happily ever since.6We consider ourselves privileged(privilege) to have been invited to give a speech here.7Some voluntary(volunteer) organizations run workshops for disabled people.8Given the chance, I would make donations(donate) to those who still live under the bottom line of the modern living condition.9In the west of China, the hot sun in summer and cold winds in winter can soon dry out your skin.10Of course, all students want to increase their knowledge, but I believe that most students today want that knowledge to be relevant to their future careers. .单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1Helen has borrowed my book the other day, saying that she would return it soon.2The story suggests that the best practice to show love is to help those are in need.3Russian women like to buy jewelry, especially rings and necklaces, for which they have purchased on average 1.3 times in the past six months.4Nothing, we have been told these years, is more educative than participating or listening to an exchange of opinions.5Let me thank the trade minister for those weling words, and tell you what privilege it is for me to join you here today. 6Deeds are better than words when people are in need help.7I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, what you are doing and how you do it in your life.8They stood on the top of the building, from they could see the whole city.9I had a bad cold, otherwise I would visited more experts who are famous in the financial industry last week.10The children must have got lost in the woods, or otherwise, they could have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.课文语法填空Jo, a young Australian woman of Australian Volunteers International, has worked as a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea for two years. She thought it was wonderful to hear from her friend Rosemary, who was 1.dying(die) to know all about her life in Papua New Guinea. The high school 2.where she worked was a bush school, whose classrooms were made of bamboo and grass.The other day when Jo was showing the boys the 3.weekly(week) chemistry experiment, the 4.mixture(mix) was bubbling before she knew it. The boys who had never e 5.across anything like this before were so frightened that they started jumping out of the window. Sometimes Jo wondered whether chemistry was relevant to the kids, but she was trying to make a difference to the boys lives.To get to know the local people, she paid a visit 6.to a remote village which was the home of one of the boys, Tombe. When they arrived, Tombes mother，who 7.had_been_pulling(pull) weeds in her garden, started crying “ieeee, ieeee” to show wele and his father let them into his house, a low bamboo hut with grass 8.sticking(stick) out of the roof.They had a meal together, sitting round the fire. Jo loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though she could not participate 9.in the conversation.Jo left the village the next morning, tired yet happy, for she thought it was a privilege 10.to_have_spent(spend) a day with the family.阅读理解A(xx山东烟台高三调考)Volunteering Is FunOne afternoon I was sitting at home feeling so bored. Instead of feeling sorry for myself, I wanted to meet people and have new experiences so I decided to start volunteering. I searched on my puter and found a website where I could volunteer on a farm in France.My time working on a farm was a new experience for me. It was basically a free holiday as food and acmodation were provided. However, it was not your typical holiday as I had to look after fifteen horses and sleep at the top of a tower in a castle! I was an awful farmer but it did not matter because I made some great friends.However, you do not need to go abroad to volunteer. I have had plenty of adventures at home as volunteering can bee a hobby. For example, I love singing so I had a good laugh waving my arms in an attempt to conduct my local choir. I did slowly improve and it felt great to conduct the choir in a concert. At university, I organized a concert for charity with my friends. It was really fun finding bands and raising money for a cause we believe in.It is true that you feel good volunteering but there are also other advantages. I once volunteered as a server at a charity sports event where the organizers gave me cupcakes to thank me for my services. I also volunteered in a charity shop so I found loads of nice cheap clothes to update my wardrobe(衣柜)While this is all fun, my favorite aspect of volunteering is creating and sharing stories. My terrible attempts at farming have given me hilarious stories to tell! Talking to volunteers from different countries and backgrounds has also helped me learn more about the world. I feel thankful to have had so much fun with many nice people thanks to volunteering.语篇导读本文为记叙文。作者参加过许多志愿服务活动，每次都会有不一样的感受和收获，在参与中获得快乐。1Why did the author want to volunteer?AHe wanted to go abroad.BHe felt ashamed of himself.CHe wanted to be a farmer.DHe wanted to taste new life and make friends.解析 D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者参与志愿服务是为了尝试新生活和认识新朋友，故选D项。2The underlined word “hilarious” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “_”AfunnyBnegativeCawfulDsad解析 A词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者非常喜欢构建和分享故事，尽管在农业上的尝试很糟糕，但是可以推断出作者对于这个故事的态度应该是正面情绪的，funny有趣的；negative消极的；awful可怕的；sad悲伤的，A项最符合作者的态度，故选A项。3What volunteering work did the author do?AHelping in a charity shop. BConducting a choir in a sports event.CHelping in an Italian farm. DTaking care of sheep.解析 A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，作者曾经在一个慈善商店志愿帮忙，故选A项。4How does the author feel according to the last paragraph?ACurious.BAnxious.CGrateful.DCautious.解析 C细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者非常感激和许多不错的人拥有如此多的欢乐，故选C项。BWhy is volunteering important?When it es to service work, it is important to realize that the actual goal should be getting the most out of your voluntary work. 5._Gaining new/social experiencesVolunteering allows students to get involved with new things and develop social and academic skills that couldnt be learned in a classroom environment. 6._Giving and helping othersVolunteers create better environments for others; they create healthier munities and they brighten lives. Jill, a senior student, has been a volunteer in her munity for more than three years. 7._ “They always tell me how great we sound and how they wish they had taken time to learn an instrument in their youth.”Creating connections with people8_ Not only does the voluntary work you do show who you are as a person, but it reflects many positive qualities that possibly employers and admission officers want to see. Volunteering allows you to meet a wide variety of people from all sorts of walks of life.9_Volunteering isnt one of the most attractive jobs, but it is one of the most beneficial and uplifting(令人振奋的). Its taking some time out of your day and helping others. Voluntary work makes us feel good. It builds selfconfidence and lifts up the spirits.ABuilding career choicesBDeveloping a sense of achievementCVolunteering means a lot more.DBuilding relationships with people is very important.EVolunteering is an excellent way to improve your independence.FShe volunteers by performing in concerts for senior citizens.GVolunteering allows you to experience different environments and situations.语篇导读本文为说明文，主要介绍了做志愿工作的意义。5解析 C总分关系。根据上文并结合文章的标题可推知，此处应该要导入志愿工作的意义，起承上启下的过渡作用，故选C项。6解析 G顺承关系。根据本段标题Gaining new/social experiences可推知，志愿工作会让志愿者有不同的体验，故选G项。7解析 F因果关系。根据下文可推知，志愿者吉尔做的志愿工作应该是弹某种乐器，F项(她志愿在音乐会上给老年人演奏)最合适，故选F项。8解析 D诠释关系。根据本段的标题Creating connections with people可推知，志愿工作对增强人际关系是很重要的，故选D项。9解析 B总分关系。空处为本段小标题，根据下文可知，志愿工作让人感觉良好，增强自信心，令人振奋，拥有成就感，故选B项。.完形填空I retired from my family business four years ago. But Ive never been _1_ of a challenge. Ive sailed around the world before. And Ive decided to fly east from Western Australia in a _2_.For the last two years I have trained hard, spending 150 hours _3_ with my ground team. When the big day came, thousands of people gathered to _4_ the launch. It was a _5_ start, with a smooth and steady takeoff. I was _6_ but still had some doubtsI was flying into the _7_. I couldnt guarantee Id see my friends and family again.The capsule where I stayed was designed to _8_ if I landed in water, but I was not sure whether I could _9_ the cruelty of the Ocean. _10_， I kept watching the weather, municating with my land team and _11_ altitude to achieve the perfect speed and direction.On my fifth day, I was terrified to notice I was losing oxygen. _12_， I managed to save my life by adjusting the pressure in the oxygen cylinder(氧气筒) to stop the oxygen escaping.I know it was vital to stay _13_ to control the flight, altitude and my oxygen flow, so I held a spoon between two fingersIf I _14_， it would fall and wake me up. I never questioned why I was doing this. It is such a unique _15_ to see our beautiful planet from high above.Seeing the coast of Australia again on my 11th day was a huge _16_. I knew my journey was nearly over. It was to be a new world record. I could see my team _17_ below as I flew over.This _18_ really pushed me to my limits, but it hasnt _19_ me. Next year, I want to fly even higher to break another _20_ for the hotair balloon flight.语篇导读本文为记叙文，讲述了作者主动寻求挑战、突破自我极限并不断成长的故事。1AshyBskepticalCfondDconfident解析 A句意：但是我从未对挑战心怀顾虑。be shy of (doing)害怕；对(做)心怀顾虑，故选A项。2A.planeBhelicopterCwing suitDhotair balloon解析 D下文详细介绍了作者经历的那项飞行挑战的过程，根据文章结尾处的the hotair balloon flight(热气球飞行)可知选D项。3A.debatingBpreparingCcarvingDtraveling解析 B句意：过去的两年里，我努力训练，和我的地面团队花了150小时作准备。debate争论；prepare准备；carve雕刻；travel旅行，故选B项。4A.weleBinspectCdelayDwitness解析 D句意：当这个重大的日子来临时，成千上万的人聚集在一起见证这次起飞。wele欢迎；inspect视察；delay耽误；witness目睹，见证，故选D项。5A.perfectBfalseCpoorDfresh解析 A根据该句后半部分with a smooth and steady takeoff(平稳起飞)可知，这次飞行挑战开始得很好、很顺利。perfect完美的；false错误的；poor贫穷的；fresh新鲜的，故选A项。6A.amusedBpuzzledCexcitedDfrightened解析 C当时作者正在进行一项挑战活动，而且开始得很顺利，因此作者应该是兴奋的、激动的。amused愉快的；puzzled困惑的；excited兴奋的；frightened害怕的，故选C项。7A.futureBunknownCshelterDreality解析 B句意：我正飞向未知的地方。future未来；unknown未知；shelter避难所，遮蔽处；reality现实，故选B项。8A.digestBrecycleCfloatDfly解析 C句意：我所在的航空舱被设计成当我落水时能够漂浮起来(的式样)。digest消化，吸收；recycle循环利用；float漂浮；fly飞，故选C项。9A.surviveBshowCevaluateDment解析 A句意：但是我不确定我能否在海洋的残酷环境中生存下来。survive是及物动词，意为“从中生存下来”；show展示；evaluate评估；ment评论，故选A项。10A.FinallyBHoweverCThereforeDBesides解析 C上文提到，作者内心忐忑不安；下文讲到，作者一直关注着天气，与地上队员保持联系等。前后为因果关系，故选C项。11A.losingBignoringCprovingDadjusting解析 D句意：调整高度以达到理想的速度和方向。lose失去；ignore忽视；prove证明；adjust调整，故选D项。12A.Str