2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit3Ahealthylife单元知识新人教版选修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit3Ahealthylife单元知识新人教版选修1. abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待(1)abuse用作名词表示滥用；虐待时，既是可数名词又是不可数名词。 I will talk about some abuses of the word. 我将谈一谈这个词被滥用的一些情况。 Child abuse is not allowed in our country. 在我们国家是不允许虐待孩子的。提示：abuse作名词还有辱骂的含义。 (2)abuse作动词时，是及物动词，作滥用讲时，常接authority，position，power，wealth等作宾语。 He never abuses authority/position/power. 他从未滥用职权。 Whoever abuses pets will be punished. 无论谁虐待宠物都将受到处罚。【归纳拓展】酗酒/嗜毒alcohol/drug abuse abuse alcohol/drug abuse ones power滥用权力abuse ones trust/confidence背信弃义 abusive adj. 谩骂的；虐待的abuser n. C 滥用者；施虐者 完成句子/单项填空滥用能源会给我们的子孙后代带来可怕的未来。_ will bring our offspring a terrible future.根据新的法律，家长也不允许在家中虐待儿童。According to the new law, parents are also not allowed _ in the family.He was arrested on charges of corruption and _ of power.A. amuseB. abuseC. accuseD. adoption【答案】Abusing energy/Energy abuseto abuse children2. ban vt. 禁止；取缔n. 禁令；谴责 He was banned from driving for six months. 他被禁止驾驶六个月。 The President supports a global ban on nuclear testing. 总统支持全球性禁止核试验。 提示：ban作动词时为及物动词，其后可直接接宾语；作名词时，其后常用介词on。【归纳拓展】ban(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事 ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事a ban on/against sth.对的禁令 place/put.under a ban禁止【易混辨析】ban/forbid/prohibitban指由于法律或社会压力而禁止，有谴责或不赞成的意味。常见搭配ban.from sth/doing sth。forbid较常用。可以是个人，也可以是国家、政府机关作出的规定和准则。常见搭配forbid sb to do sth/forbid doing sth。prohibit强调以法律或官方行政手段，或规章制度的形式加以禁止。常见搭配prohibit sb from sth/doing sth。 用ban, forbid或prohibit的适当形式填空After the accident, he was_ from driving alone.Our school_ us to bring cellphone to school.The law_ the tobacco from being sold freely.【答案】bannedforbadprohibits3. due to 由于；因为(一般不置于句首) Our happy childhood is due to our fathers hard work. 我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。 It was a mistake due to carelessness. 那是由于粗心而犯的错误。【归纳拓展】due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的be due to do sth 预定做某事be due for sth 应该得到某物be due to sb 应给某人的；该付给某人的Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名学生要参加明天的会议。Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month. 欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。She is due to plete her study and graduate late this year. 她预计今年下半年完成学业毕业。They hurried to catch the train due to leave at 4：15 in the afternoon. 他们匆忙赶上了预定下午4：15离开的火车。Due to the foggy weather，all the flights were called off. 由于大雾天，所有的航班均被取消了。【名师点津】“因为；由于”的其他短语because of，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of，as a consequence of （1）完成句子由于风雨交加，她没来。Her absence_.罗丝一月份就要开始上学了。Rose is_.由于天气不好，比赛取消了。_, the match was canceled.（2）The sports meet, originally _ be held last Saturday, was finally put off because of the heavy rain.A. due toB. used toC. equal toD. linked to【答案】（1）was due to the storm due to start school in JanuaryDue to the bad weather/Because of the bad weather/As a result of the bad weather/Owing to the bad weather4. addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression. 有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。【归纳拓展】(1)be/bee/get addicted to sth./doing sth. 沉溺于；专心做(2)addict vt.使沉溺；使上瘾；n.有瘾的人 addict oneself to sth.沉溺于(3)a work addict工作狂Her son addicted himself to smoking，which had a bad effect on his health. 她的儿子吸烟上瘾，这对他的健康有很坏的影响。Addicted to playing puter games，the little boy has lost interest in his lessons. 迷恋于玩电脑游戏，这个小男孩对功课失去了兴趣。Tom is _ to puter games.No wonder he is not doing well in school recently.A.interestedB.curiousC.crazyD.addicted【答案】D5. accustomed to习惯于Im accustomed to getting (get) up early for exercise. 我习惯了这么早起床进行晨练。【归纳拓展】accustom vt.使习惯于 accustom oneself to习惯于(to是介词)accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的 be/get/bee accustomed tobe used to doing习惯于(to是介词)He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life. 他很快就习惯了这种新的生活方式。She took her accustomed(accustom) seat by the window. 她坐在她通常坐的窗边。（1） They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed _ at meals.A.to talkB.to not talkC.to talkingD.to not talking（2）完成句子他已经习惯了在强压下工作。He has been accustomed under strong pressure.这些人使自己习惯于艰苦的工作。These people accustomed hard work.他住在市中心,所以习惯了噪音。(accustomed)He noise because he lives in the centre of the city.【答案】（1）D考查非谓语动词和固定句式。be accustomed to doing sth.是固定句式，意思是习惯于做某事。句意“他们很安静，是吗？是啊，他们习惯了吃饭的时候不说话。”故答案为D。（2）to workingthemselves tois accustomed to6. effect n. 结果；效力 He realized the beneficial effects of exercise. 他认识到了锻炼的好处。 The new law is said to have e into effect from April. 据说新法律已经从四月起开始生效。 Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on our life as well as society. 重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生积极的影响。【归纳拓展】in effect 实质上；本质上take effect 生效，起作用be of no effect 无效，没有作用bring/carry/put into effect 实行，实施；使生效；实现e into effect 开始生效；开始实施have an effect on/upon 对有影响；对起作用【易混辨析】effect/affect/influenceeffect 影响为名词，常用于have an effect on等短语中；affect 影响，(病)侵袭为动词，多指不好的影响；influenc 影响为名词，侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。 The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们所有的人。 Fathers have an enormous effect on their childrens personalities and chances of marital happiness. 父亲对孩子们的个性及婚姻幸福的可能性有巨大影响。 No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。 （1）用effect的相关短语填空The new regulation shall_ on June 1st._, well be earning less than we were last year.It wont be easy to_ the changes_.（2）The several ways he suggested to solve the problem proved of no _ .A.effortB.effectC.affectD.perfect【答案】（1）take effectIn effectput；into effect7. strengthen vi.& vt.加强，变强，强壮Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years. 我们的友谊逐年加深。【归纳拓展】strength n力气，体力，优势build up ones strength强身健体strength and weakness优点，缺点Practising Chinese Kongfu can not only build up ones strength but also can develop ones character. 练习中国功夫不仅能强身健体而且能够培养人的性格。The great strength of my plan is that its so cheap pared to the others. 我这项计划的最大长处是比其他计划耗资少。Appreciating yourself will_your self-confidence and your determination to succeed.A. enlargeB. strengthenC. deepenD. weaken【答案】B【解析】句意为“欣赏你自己可以增强你的自信以及你取得成功的决心”。strengthen表示“加强”，符合语境。而enlarge表示“扩大”，deepen表示“加深”，weaken表示“削弱”。8. decide on对作出决定Have you decided on a date for the wedding? 你们确定结婚日期了吗？Its said that they have decided on carrying out the plan. 据说他们已经决定执行这项计划。【归纳拓展】make a decision 作决定I dont want to put pressure on you to make a decision，but we havent much time left.我并不想催你作决定，只是我们剩下的时间已经不多了。9. feel like (doing)想要(做)；感觉起来像The material feels just like silk.这块布料摸起来像丝绸。I dont feel like dealing (deal) with such touchy problems.我不愿处理这种棘手的问题。【归纳拓展】feel like 表示“想要”时，后跟名词、代词或动名词作 宾语。feel like 还可表示“感觉像，摸起来像”。would like to do sth.想要做某事，常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议I would like to express (express) my thanks for all that you have done. 我想对你所做的一切表示感谢。完成句子今天晚上我想和你一起去听音乐会。(would like)I to the concert with you tonight. 我累得不想做任何事情了。I was so tired that I_anything.她不想到国外学习,因为她害怕不能适应那里的生活。She doesnt feel like , because shes afraid she cant adapt to the life there.(study)【答案】would like to gowouldnt like to do/didnt feel like doing studying abroad10. ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的【常见搭配】 be/feel ashamed of因感到惭愧 be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事 feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧I must admit to being ashamed for what had happened. 发生这样的事我应承认我感到惭愧。She was deeply ashamed of her behavior at the party. 她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。【归纳拓展】shame n. 羞耻，惭愧；遗憾的事Its a shame that.真让人遗憾 真可惜！Rollo felt a little of his boasting, for he knew that what Jonas said was true.A.excitedB.ashamedC.afraidD.disappointed【答案】B11. in spite of 不顾；不管 He reached his goals in spite of his disability. 尽管他有残疾，他还是实现了他的目标。 In spite of his old age, he still lives an active life. 尽管他年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。【易混辨析】in spite of/despite prep. 后面不接让步状语从句，而是接名词、代词作宾语。though/although conj. 引导让步状语从句，though可用倒装语序。as conj. 引导让步状语从句，但需要用倒装语序。regardless of prep. 不管，不顾；侧重于不理会，不考虑，后跟名词或代词。 Kelly loved her husband in spite of/despite the fact that he drank too much. 虽然凯莉的丈夫喝酒很多，她仍然爱着他。 We went for a walk, although it was raining. 尽管下雨，我们还是去散步了。 Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 虽然她很美，但不聪明。 The club weles all new members regardless of age. 俱乐部对所有成员不分年龄一律欢迎。 选词填空in spite of/despite, though/although, as_ the heavy snow, he managed to e._ he is very old, he works hard.Clever _ the boy is, he is not careful.【答案】In spite of/DespiteThough/Althoughas/though12. take risks(a risk) 冒险 You have no right to take risks with others lives. 你没有权力去拿别人的生命冒险。 She s too sensible to take a risk when shes driving. 她开车时很有判断力而不致冒险。【知识拓展】at risk处于危险之中，冒风险 at the risk of.冒着的风险at all risks 无论冒什么风险 face/run risks/a risk冒险risk sth 以为赌注 risk doing 冒险做risk ones life to do sth 冒着生命危险做某事If you take _ risk of not wearing a seat belt, you will be at _ risk.A. the；/B. /；/C. /；theD. the；the【答案】A13. get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯) Dont let yourself get into the bad habits. 别让你自己养成坏习惯。 Nobody likes to get into trouble. 没有谁愿意惹麻烦。【知识拓展】（1）常用词组 the habit of. 染上的习惯trouble 陷入困境get into a panic 陷入惊/恐慌a temper 大发脾气deep water 陷入困境（2）get into还有进入对产生兴趣等含义。（3）get的相关短语：get across(使)通过；(使)被理解；(把)讲清楚get along进展；相处get away逃脱；离开get away with.做了坏事而不受处罚get down to认真工作get over爬过；越过；克服困难；痊愈get through穿越(马路)；通过；接通电话；经历Ive _ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.A. e intoB. gone intoC. got intoD. run into【答案】C14. survival nU，C 幸存；幸存者If you develop AIDS，your chances of survival are very small. 如果你得了艾滋病，幸存的几率很小。【知识拓展】survive vt.& vi.生还，残存；比活得久survivor n生存者，残存者，幸存者Her parents died in the accident，but she survived. 她的父母死于车祸，但她却幸免于难。So far rescue workers have found no sign of any survivors. 到目前为止，救援人员没有发现有幸存者的迹象。1. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it was time to quit smoking.当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。句中的It is (high/about) time for sb.to do sth. It is (high/about) time that sb.did/should do sth.表示“该某人做某事的时候了” 。My friends，it is time to take back the country we love. 我的朋友们，是时候收回我们热爱的国家了。Its high/about time that you went to bed/should go to bed，for you look so tired tonight. 你早该去睡觉了，你今晚看上去太疲劳了。【归纳拓展】(1)It/This/That is the first (second.) time that sb.has/have done sth.(2)It/This/That was the first (second.) time that sb.had done sth.这是某人第一次(第二次)做某事(注意句子中的时态)Its the first time that I have visited the Birds Nest.这是我第一次参观鸟巢。Its high time that we _ great emphasis on the improvement of food safety.A.placeB.placedC.placingD.has placed【答案】B2. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. 我的确希望这样，因为我想让你过上和我一样长寿而健康的生活。在because 引导的原因状语从句中含有“asadj.a/ann.as.”的结构，表示“和一样的”之意。类似此句型用法的还有too/so/howadj.a/an单数可数名词。As a matter of fact，I cant afford as expensive a car as his. 事实上，我买不起像他的一样昂贵的小汽车。I have never met so young a body with so wise a head. 我从来没见过这么年轻又这么聪明的人。This is too difficult a problem for the beginners to solve. 这个问题让初学者来解决太难了。3. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker. 每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己：你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。every time 在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“每次”。Every time I called him，I couldnt get through. 每次我给他打电话，打不通。Every time you smile at someone，you give a gift to that person. 每次当你向某人微笑的时候，你就给了那人一件礼物。【归纳拓展】起连词作用引导时间状语从句的名词短语：the瞬时时间名词：the second/minute/instant/moment等time类名词短语：the first/last time，each/every time，next time，any time等the其他类时间名词：the week，the year，the month等I feel sick every time I see such food. 每次看到这种食物，我都会感到恶心。The moment she offered/put forward the suggestion，a storm broke about her ears. 她一提出那建议，立刻就引起了一场轩然大波。You are wele to e back，any time you want to. 无论你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎你。单句改错Next time when you pay a visit to Shanghai，Ill show you around._【答案】去掉when4. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. 然而我的的确确知道，我女朋友觉得我身上的烟味很难闻。句中did用来强调谓语动词know。do用在肯定句或祈使句中，可用来加强动词的语气，表示的确，真的，务必，有时态和数的变化。 Do e next time. 下次一定要来。 She does speak French very well. 她法语说得确实很好。 补全句子她的确每个星期都去购物。She_ _ _ every Sunday. 【答案】does go shopping5. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.在你的血液中，HIV病毒 可以长期存在，但是它最终将使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于使你的身体不能再抗衡疾病。so.that.引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。so.that.引导结果状语从句的常见句型如下：soadj./adv.that.soadj.a/an可数名词单数that.somany/much/few/little名词that.He was so worried that sweat began to pour down his face. 他很着急，汗水沿着他的面颊直淌下来。He spoke so loudly that everyone in the room heard him. 他说话如此大声以至于房间里的每个人都能听到。【知识拓展】such.that.也可以引导结果状语从句，句型如下：sucha/anadj.可数名词单数that.suchadj.复数名词或不可数名词that.It is such fine weather that I have decided to go outing with my friends.天气真好，我决定和朋友们去郊游。【名师点津】so.that.或such.that.句式中，有时候会把so.或such.部分提到句首，主句用倒装语序。改写同义句子It is such an interesting film that we all like it.It is interesting a film we all like it. film is it we all like it.【答案】so；thatSuch an interesting/So interesting a；that6. Running a marathon will leave you out of breath. 参加马拉松比赛会让你喘不过气来。（1）句中的leave作使役动词，意为使处于(某种状态)，其后可接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等作宾语补足语。 Leave the door open, please. 请把门开着吧。 Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外面的雨中等候。 Dont leave your work half done. 工作不要半途而废。（2）out of breath意为喘不过气来，上气不接下气。 We were out of breath after only five minutes. 五分钟后我们便气喘吁吁了。【知识拓展】out of work 失业out of sight 看不见out of fashion 过时out of control 失控out of order 出故障out of place 不适当 补全句子当我们到达山顶时，都上气不接下气了。When we climbed up to the top of the mountain, we were all _ _ _.【答案】out of breath7. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是only when the disease has progressed to AIDS，在句中作状语。强调句型的一般形式为：It is/was.that/who.，可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。 Is it the email that you received yesterday that makes you upset？z&xxk是昨天收到的电子邮件使你心烦意乱吗？It was on the farm where he spent his childhood that he learned how to grow vegetables.在度过孩提时代的农场里他学会了怎样种菜。【归纳拓展】强调句的变形特点强调句的一般疑问句把is/was提前即：Is/Was it被强调部分that其他成分？强调句的特殊疑问句特殊疑问词beitthat其他成分？not.until的强调句It was/is not until.that.Who was it that broke the window？是谁打碎的窗子？It was not until he came back from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry. 那年直到他从非洲回来他才遇到他想与之结婚的女孩。对划线部分进行强调I met an old friend in the park yesterday. I did not get your letter until yesterday When did you meet her? 【答案】It was an old friend that I met in the park yesterday.It was not until yesterday that I got your letter.When was it that you meet her?it的用法()it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。1. 指动物和植物。 Look at that bird. It always es to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。2. 指代无生命的东西。 This is my watch. Its made in Switzerland. 这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。 Well, you mustnt play on the road. Its dangerous! 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！二、用于指代人1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。 Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？Its me. 是我。2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。 Look, someone is ing. Who can it be? 看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？It may be the headmaster. 可能是校长。3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。 Whos that? 那人是谁？Is it Helen? 是海伦吗？Yes, I think youre right. Its Helen. 是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等1. 表示时间。 Whats the date? 今天是几月几日？Its the third of March. 今天是3月3日。2. 表示距离。 Its only five minutes walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。3. 表示自然现象。 It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。4. 表示环境、形势等。 If its convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain.) that.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定）。 It is very clear that he doesnt like it.That he doesnt like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。3. It is time (about time，high time) that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should动词原形，should不能省略，常译为是（正是）的时候了。 It is time that children should go to bed.It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。4. It is the first (second.) time that.该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为是第一（二）次做。 It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.) that.该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that.该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。 It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。7. It beadj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid.) of sbto do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的）。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：sb isadj.to do sth It is kind of you to say so.You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。8. It beadj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，mon，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。 It is important for her to e to the party.It is important that she (should) e to the party. 对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人时间 It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人钱 It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a puter. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。11. Its up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做 It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。12. Its useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth该句型常译为做是徒然的/没有益处