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扣考纲话题诵读,固考基教材梳理,提考能技能速升,课后限时检测,析考点重难突破,话题22 周围环境 话题词汇 【常见单词】 1community n社区 2facility n设施 3harmony n和谐 4approach n方法，接近v.接近 5direction n方向,6beyond prep.在那边，超出 7hospitable adj.好客的 8distant adj.远的，遥远的 9surround v围绕，包围 10construct v建造，建筑,【常见短语】 1on the left /right在左边/右边 2be located in/lie in位于 3go straight直走 4run out 用完，耗尽 5adjust to调整，适应,经典语篇 【写作要求】 (2013上海高考)上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所(博物馆还是社区图书馆)征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须满足以下要求：,1简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择； 2说明你的理由(从便利性，专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比)。 _,【参考范文】 Dear Sir/Madam， Ive learned that an art exhibition is to be held and that youre collecting suggestions on its location.Im writing this letter to share with you my opinions. In my opinion, it is more advisable to hold the art exhibition in Shanghai Museum than in community libraries.My reasons are as follows.,On one hand, it is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which is located in the center of the city.And the museum is much more spacious than community libraries, which provides visitors with a more comfortable environment for appreciating art.,On the other hand, as a wellknown museum, Shanghai Museum is more professional and experienced in holding art exhibitions.Its professional security guards and advanced facilities can better protect those famous paintings from being damaged or stolen.Therefore, I suggest the exhibition be held in the museum. Yours， Wang Min,一试身手 【句型转换】 1将句型改为包含同位语从句的复合句。 Ive learned _ _. 2将句型改为包含定语从句的复合句。 On the other hand, _，Shanghai Museum is more professional and experienced in holding art exhibitions.,the news that an art exhibition is to be held and that youre collecting suggestions on its location,as is known,【完成句子】 1我的家乡坐落在东海之滨，有着300年的历史。 My hometown, _，has a history of more than 300 years. 2这个小山村被绿树环绕。The mountain village _. 3用了很长的时间他才适应新环境。It took him a long time to _.,located on the East Sea,is surrounded by trees,adjust to the new surroundings,一、单词速览 1. _ n品牌；类型 2 _ adj. 大量的，充裕的 3 _ n. 命令；控制；掌握 vt. 命令；控制；指挥 4 _ vt. 探讨，解决，处理；向说话；称呼 (某人) 5 _ vi.& vt. 脱离，不与人交往,brand,abundant,command,address,withdraw,6_ adj. 直言的，坦率的；清楚明白的， 易懂的 7 _ n. 能力，胜任；技能，本能 8 _ vt. 分类，归类 9 _ n. 资格，资历 10 _ adj. 具体的，明确的；特定的；独 特的 11 _ vi.& vt. 花费时间、精力(做某事)； 打扰，给某人造成麻烦,explicit,competence,classify,qualification,specific,bother,12_ n. 假定，假设 _ v. 承担；假定 13 _ vi. 通信；相一致，符合；相当于 _ n. 通信；相一致，符合 14 _ vt. 评估，评价 _ n. 评估，评价 15 _ n. 准确性；精确度 _ adj. 精确的 16 _ n. 参考，查阅；提到，提及；介绍 信，介绍人 _ v. 参考，查阅；提到，提及，涉及,assumption,assume,correspond,correspondence,evaluate,evaluation,accuracy,accurate,reference,refer,17_ vt. 放弃；抛弃，舍弃 _ adj. 被抛弃的；无约束的；恣意放荡的 18 _ n. 约会，预约；任命，委任 _ v. 任命；指定；约定 19 _ n. 改正；纠正，修正 _ vt. 改正；纠正，修正 20 _ vt. 承认，认可；感谢 _ n. 承认；确认；感谢,abandon,abandoned,appointment,appoint,correction,correct,acknowledge,acknowledgement,【看单词，学构词】 8classify一词是由名词或形容词加后缀fy变来的动词，词尾(i)fy表示“形成”，“变成”，“使化”。类似的课标词汇还有：simplesimplify简化；beautybeautify美化；purepurify使纯净等。,二、短语快译 1. _搜寻，寻找 2 _更重要的是 3 _支持，赞成 4 _对有积极影响 5 _ 向求助 6 _ 受某人支配 7 _ 与交流,search for,whats more,in favour of,have positive effects on,turn to somebody/something,at someones command,communicatewith,8_ 最新的；现代的；时髦的 9 _退学，辍学；退出，脱离 10 _倾向于 11 _缺乏 12 _为某人树立榜样 13 _记住，牢记 14 _仔细搜寻 15 _ 与有关的,up to date,drop out,tend to,for lack of,set a good example to sb.,keep.in mind,comb (through)something (for),be relevant to,三、句式构建 1祈使句and陈述句 _ in what you want to know _ _ help you find what you want. 输入你想知道的东西，程序就会帮助你找到你想要的。 2it isadj.for sb.to do sth.it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 I feel _either _ limit our use of the Internet，or to learn how to handle the problems it has caused.我感觉对我们来说重要的是，要么限制我们使用因特网，要么学会怎么处理由它导致的问题。,Just type,and the,program will,it is important for us,to,3would rather do sth.than dowould do sth.rather than do 宁愿做也不愿做 I _ him the truth _ make an excuse. 我宁愿告诉他实情也不愿编制理由。 4the比较级，the比较级表示“越越” _ you know about Internet research， _ you will find what you are looking for，and the better informed you will be.你越了解互联网研究，你会更快地发现你正在寻找的东西，你也会更好地得知信息。,would rather tell,than,The more,the faster,5not every.意为“并不是每个都”，是部分否定 Usually，people try to put correct information on the Internet，but _ person bothers to read over their own writing and make corrections. 通常，人们试图把正确的信息放到网上，但是并非每个人都会花时间去读他们写的东西并且去校正。,not every,解析6个考纲单词 1command n命令；控制；掌握 vt.命令；指挥；控制 (教材P34)With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse，a student will find abundant information from the largest libraries and museums in the world at his or her command.一名学生轻按键盘键或点击鼠标，就能从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆找到大量信息，加以使用。,(1)at ones command 任由本人支配；听凭本人使用 at someones command 愿服从某人指挥；听候某人吩咐 in command of 指挥，统帅 have a (good)command of 对能运用自如，精通 take command of 指挥；开始控制 (2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command that sb.(should)do 命令,(牛津P326)Im at your commandwhat would you like me to do？我听从您的吩咐您要我做什么？ For the first time in years，she felt in command of her life.多少年来第一次，她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。 He commanded that all the gates (should)be shut. 他命令关闭所有的大门。,2correspond vi.通信；相一致，符合；相当于 (教材P34)What is more，people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can correspond and communicate with others around the globe who have similar interests.此外，身有残疾而必须待在家里的人也能(通过因特网)与全球各地趣味相投的人通信、交流。,(1)correspond with/to与一致 correspond with sb. 与某人通信 correspond to 与相当，相称 (2)correspondence n. 相符；通信；信件 hold/keep up correspondence with sb.与(某人)保持通信联系 in correspondence with 与一致；与有通信联系,(牛津P377)Your account of events does not correspond with hers.你对事情的描述与她说的不相符。 Our arms correspond to the wings of a bird. 我们的两臂相当于鸟的两翼。 They had been/kept in correspondence with him by letter until the war broke out. 在战争爆发之前他们一直与他保持通信联系。,3reference n参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人 (教材P35)These problems do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials，such as books，newspapers and magazines.当人们使用传统的参考材料，比如课本、报纸和杂志时，这些问题就不会这么频繁地发生了。,(1)without reference to 不考虑，置于不顾 have a reference to 和有关 make a reference 提及 for reference 做参考 with reference to 关于 (2)refer to 涉及；指的是；提及；参考,(牛津P1449)She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans. 她没有提到她的病，只说了她未来的计划。 This test is to be taken by all pupils without reference to age or grade.这次测验的对象是全体小学生，不论年龄和年级。 I am writing with reference to your job application. 我现在回复您，关于您申请工作的事。 I was not referring to her when I said so. 当我那么说时，我并不是指她。,高考链接 (2012江西高考)Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _. Apurpose Breference Cprogress Dmemory 【解析】 考查词义辨析。句意：你最好写下这个餐馆的电话号码以便日后参考用。for future reference是一个常用词组搭配，表示“以供日后参考”。 【答案】 B,4abandon vt.放弃；抛弃，舍弃 n放任；纵情 (教材P41)They wouldnt have achieved their success if they had abandoned their dreams.如果他们放弃了他们的梦想，他们将不会取得成功。,(1)abandon sb./sth. 放弃某人/某物 abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to 沉湎于，完全屈服于(某种情感或冲动) (2)abandoned adj. 抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的 (3)with (in)abandon 尽情地；放纵地,(牛津P1)The baby had been abandoned by its mother.这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。 The rich man abandoned_himself_to pleasures. 这个有钱人沉溺于寻欢作乐。 As a result of the weather，they had to abandon_rescuing_the victims.由于天气原因，他们不得不放弃营救受害者。 The fans cheered with_abandon_when their football team won.当他们的足球队踢赢时，球迷们便疯狂地欢呼。,高考链接 (2012浙江高考)Peter had intended to take a job in business，but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010. Ahad abandoned Babandoned Cabandon Dwill abandon,【解析】 考查一般过去时。根据but提示，是并列句，故前后时态一致。与had intended相呼应，可知此空应在表示过去时的范围选择，由此排除C、D选项。且abandon动作只是陈述了过去所发生的一件事而已，没有在intend之前，故排除A选项(过去的过去)，由此可知答案B符合文义。一般过去时表示对过去所发生的一件事情的简单陈述而已。 【答案】 B,5bother vi.& vt.花费时间、精力(做某事)；打扰，给某人造成麻烦 nU麻烦，不便 C引起麻烦或不便的人或事情 (教材P47)Usually，people try to put correct information on the Internet，but not every person bothers to read over their own writing and make corrections.通常，人们试图把正确的信息放到网上，但是并非每个人都会花时间去读他们写的东西并且去校正。,bother (about)(doing)sth. 为操心/担心 botherwhclause 担心，操心 bother sb.to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 bother.with/about. 打扰或麻烦某人时 bother (oneself)to do/about (doing)sth.费心做,It bothers me that he hasnt been telling me the truth.他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。 He is always bothering me to lend him money. 他总来缠着我，向我借钱。 I dont want to bother_her_with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想让她为我的事费心。 6acknowledge vt.承认；认可；感谢 (教材P47)When you are finished，you should always acknowledge where you got your data by attaching a list of the websites you got your information from.当你写完报告时，你总是应该附上你获取信息的网站列表，表明你所获资料的来源。,(1)acknowledge sb./sth.to be.承认某人/某物是 acknowledge sb.as. 认为/接受某人是/成为 acknowledge doing sth./having done sth.承认做了某事 (2)acknowledge that. 承认 It is universally acknowledged that.是大家公认的 (3)acknowledgement n. 承认；致谢；答谢,They acknowledged having been frightened. 他们承认吓坏了。 Mary intended to acknowledge him as her son. 玛丽有意认他做自己的儿子。 It is acknowledged that Li Na is one of the best tennis players in the world. 李娜被公认为是世界最佳网球选手之一。,单词对点集训 .单词拼写 1The general issued a _ (命令) that all of them should come at six oclock. 2Ive heard from a reliable _ (信息源) that company is running very well. 3She _ (宣称) that nuclear power was the most environmentally safe form of energy. 4What _ (打扰) me even more were all the times she was always telling lies.,5He has only been able to trace out the _ (概要) of the plan, without any details. 6Id like to _ (提取) 1,000 dollars from my savings account and put it in my cheque account. 7Mrs. Smith was accused of knowingly making a _ (虚假的) statement to the police. 8Zhao Huimin, director of Beijing Foreign Affairs Office, made the remarks at a news _ (会议) in Indonesia on Wednesday.,9We should make decisions according to _ (具体的)conditions. 10All _ (相关的) departments shall provide support and assistance to the joint venture. 【答案】 mand 2.source 3.claimed 4.bothered 5outline 6.withdraw 7.false 8.conference 9.specific 10.relevant,.单项填空 1The working of this machine _ to that of the human brain. Acorresponds Bcontributes Cresponds Drefers 【解析】 correspond to和一致。句意：这种机器的工作原理和人脑差不多。 【答案】 A,2The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway. Avanished Babandoned Cscattered Drejected 【解析】 abandoned被抛弃的。句意：利兹家的车被发现被抛弃在高速公路附近的树林里了。 【答案】 B,3We sent her a copy of this book _ her part in the creation. Ain search of Bin acknowledgement of Cin favour of Din honour of 【解析】 in acknowledgement of以感谢；in search of 为了寻找；in favour of 支持，赞成；in honour of为了纪念。句意：我们寄了这本书的副本以答谢她对此创作的付出。 【答案】 B,4They made the _ of Peter as chairman of the union. Aappointment Bcommitment Carrangement Dassumption 【解析】 make the appointment of sb.as对某人任职；做出委任。 【答案】 A,5_ this project，we have something to say. AWith reference of BWithout reference of CWithout reference to DWith reference to 【解析】 with reference to关于(in reference to)。句意：关于这个项目，我们有话要说。 【答案】 D,分析4个高考短语 1turn to somebody/something向求助；转向；翻到 (教材P34)When people need information，from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research，the Internet is now the first source they turn to.从时事新闻，天气预报，到包价旅游，学术研究，当人们需求信息时，因特网现在已是许多人的首选。,turn sb.away 把某人拒之门外；不准进入 turn down 拒绝；降低；减弱 turn in 交换，退还；上交 turn over 翻过来；周转；移交；翻阅 turn up 露面，出现；调高(音量、热量等) turn out 出席；结果是,She turned down every offer of help. 别人提出的帮助她都拒绝了。 Something unexpected has turned_up. 发生了没有意料到的事情。 The film turned out to be a great success. 这部影片大获成功。 He turned the business over to his daughter. 他把生意移交给女儿管理。,高考链接 (2014浙江高考)How could you _ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? Aturn off Bturn in Cturn down Dturn to,【解析】 本题考查turn短语意义辨析。句意：既然你失业好几个月了，你怎么能_这么好的一份工作呢？四个选项均为turn短语：turn off关闭，关掉；turn in上交；turn down拒绝(建议、要求或邀请等)，调低(声音、温度等)；turn to转向，求助于。由语境可知，因为失业好几个月了，按常理是不能“拒绝”(turn down)那么好的一份工作的，故C项正确。 【答案】 C,2up to date 最新的；现代的；时髦的 (教材P35)Of course，access to uptodate，accurate information is an important thing for anyone who is doing research.当然，对于参加研究的人来说，得到最新的准确的信息是一件重要的事情。,(1)out of date 过时的 fix/set the date for 确定日期 have/make a date (with sb.)to do/for (doing)sth. 与(某人)约会做 keep a date 赴约 (2)date from/back to 回溯到，从开始,(牛津P429)They havent set a date for the wedding yet.他们尚未决定举行婚礼的日期。 The dresses on show are out of date. 展出的服装都过时了。 John has made a date with Mary for a party. 约翰约了玛丽去参加晚会。 3drop out 退学，辍学；退出，脱离 (教材P35)One university did a study about the students who had dropped out，and found that 43 per cent of them were heavy Internet users. 一个大学做了一项关于辍学学生的研究，发现他们中有43%是过度使用网络者。,drop in at sp. 顺便走访某地 drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人 drop back 退后，后撤；恢复(旧习惯等)(into) drop by 美顺便拜访一下 drop off 减少；落下；送下车,(2013江苏高考完形填空)They dropped off blankets, candles, and tools, and began sticking around to chat. 他们放下毯子、蜡烛和工具开始过来聊天。 Please drop_in_at my office when you happen to be free.如果你碰巧有空的话，请到我的办公室来。 Peter dropped_out_ before completing the race because of his injury. 因为受伤，彼得在比赛还未结束时就退出了。,4keep/carry/have.in mind 牢记，记住 I have tried to keep/carry/have this advice in mind when writing this book. 在写这本书的时候，我尽量将这条建议记住。 Do you have anyone in mind for this job? 你有没有想到什么人可以做这项工作？ Its a good idea and Ill keep it in mind. 这是个好主意，我要记在心里。 I have no mind to read books for you are not here. 因为你不在这儿我没有一点心思读书。,短语对点集训 .选词填空 search for；in favour of；turn to somebody/something；at someones command；communicate with；up to date；drop out；set a good example to sb.；keep.in mind；comb (through)something (for) 1Lets take leave of the topic and _ another. 2He has a great number of English idioms _. 3He _ work at various stores.,4She has _ in the middle of the race because of his injury. 5Parents often find it difficult to _ their children. 6The majority was/were _ the proposal. 7She wears clothes that are right _. 8It is not easy to _ what you have told me. 【答案】 1.turn to 2.at command 3.searched for 4dropped out municate with 6.in favour of 7up to date 8.keep in mind,.单项填空 1Every time I get into trouble, Ill _ my neighbors, who will always lend me a helping hand. Acare about Bturn to Ccall for Dlook up 【解析】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每当我遇上麻烦时，我都会向邻居们求助，他们总是向我伸出援助之手。turn to “求助于”符合语境。 【答案】 B,2Liu Xiang was injured in the first round and had to _ of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Adrop off Bdrop back Cdrop by Ddrop out 【解析】 句意：刘翔在第一轮比赛中受了伤，不得不退出2008年北京奥运会。drop out“退出”，符合题意。drop off 中途下客或卸货。 【答案】 D,3His remarks are not _ to our discussion. Arelevant Brelative Cconnect Daccurate 【解析】 考查短语be relevant to“与相关的”。句意：他的观点与我们的议题不相关。故选A项。 【答案】 A,4The origin of Chinese culture _ more than 5,000 years ago. Ais dated back to Bdates back to Cis dated from Dhas dated back 【解析】 more than 5,000 years ago是时间点而不是时间段，故排除D项。date back to还可以用date from来表示，它们都无进行时态和被动语态，故选B项。 【答案】 B,5We must _ that our customs and habits are different from theirs. Akeep in mind Bkeep up with Ckeep in touch Dkeep to ourselves 【解析】 keep in mind 意为“记住”，空后的 that 从句为 keep 的宾语。 【答案】 A,剖析2个高考句型 1(教材P39)Just type in what you want to know and the program will help you find what you want.输入你想知道的东西，程序就会帮助你找到你想要的。 句法分析：本句属于“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”句型，这是并列句的一个固定句式。,(1)本句是“祈使句and陈述句”句型。其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句。 (2)祈使句or/otherwise陈述句。 (3)在“祈使句并列连词陈述句”句型中，也可以用“名词并列连词陈述句”表示。,Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like it. 尝尝这种果汁， 也许你会喜欢的。 Hurry up，or you will be late.快点，否则你会迟到。 Study_hard，and_youll pass the exam. 努力学习，你将会通过考试。 Do_as_youre_told，otherwise youll be in trouble. 叫你怎么做就怎么做， 否则你会有麻烦的。 It is really very dangerous.One_more_step，and the baby will fall into the well.真危险。再多迈一步， 这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。,高考链接 (2014天津高考)Give me a chance, _ Ill give you a wonderful surprise. Aif Bor Cand Dwhile,【解析】 本题考查语意逻辑关系。句意：给我一个机会，_我就会给你一个大惊喜。if常引导条件状语从句；or有“否则，要不然”之意，表示一种相反的假设；and连接表示顺接关系的并列句；while意为“当时候”时，引导时间状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”时，引导让步状语从句。由空格前的“给我一个机会”和空格后的“我就会给你一个大惊喜”可知空格前后两部分是顺接关系，需用and连接，所以选择C项。 【答案】 C,2(教材P41)I would_rather_tell him the truth than_make an excuse. 我宁愿告诉他实情也不愿编制理由。 句法分析：would sooner/rather.than.意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形，常省略为d sooner/rather，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是would sooner/rather not do sth.。,(1)would rather.than./would.rather than.也可以颠倒为：rather than.would.。would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。 (2)使用would rather.than.句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。,(3)would rather从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 would rather从句，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿，还是 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”，引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。 (4)would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。,I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。 I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。 John wants to see me today.I would_rather_he_came tomorrow than today.(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)约翰今天想来看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。 I would rather you had_not_done_that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。,高考链接 (2014陕西高考) We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. Awould stay Bhas stayed Cstayed Dstay,【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们一起待在家里，但是那是她的选择，她已经不再是一个小孩子了。would rather后接that从句时，要用虚拟语气，如果与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时态；如果与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。根据后面的it is her choice可以判断这件事情还没发生，因而从句用一般过去时，所以选择C项。 【答案】 C,句型对点集训 .单项填空 1Mum, I am afraid I wont do well in the coming test. Honey，_ more careful，_ you will make it. Abe；and Bbe；otherwise Cdo；and Dbe；or 【解析】 形容词careful前面用be动词，构成系表结构。根据句意可知此处是顺承关系，故用并列连词and，符合句型“祈使句and陈述句”。 【答案】 A,2The Internet plays an important role in our life. Without the Internet, life _ quite different nowadays. Awould be Bwill be Cis Dwas 【解析】 句意：因特网在我们的生活中发挥了重要的作用。如果没有因特网的话，今天的生活就是另一番景象了。without the Internet相当于一个非真实条件状语从句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，故选A。 【答案】 A,3How long do you think _ the computer company turns out a new product? Ait will be that Bwill it be until Cwill it be since Dit will be before 【解析】 do you think在句中为插入语，其后应用陈述语序，排除选项B、C。“it will be一段时间before从句”为固定句型，意为“要过多长时间才”。由句意可知D项正确。 【答案】 D,4He _ live in the country than in the city. Aprefers Blikes to Chad better Dwould rather 【解析】 would rather.than 宁愿怎么样而不怎么样。句意：我宁愿住在乡村也不愿意住在城里。 【答案】 D,.完成句子 1你越小心，你犯错就会越少。 _ you are，_ you will make. 2只要你有能力就要帮助别人，你会使这个世界成为更美好的居住地。 _ whenever you can _ the world a nicer place to live.,3我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。 I _ with him. 【答案】 1.The more careful；the fewer mistakes 2.Help others；and you will make 3.would rather be laughed at than quarrel,教材语法集训 助动词 单项填空 1They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far. Ahad been working；are still working Bhad worked；were still working Chave been working；have worked Dhave worked；are still working,【解析】 根据前一分句中的“before I joined them”可知，此处动作发生在过去的过去，而且表示的是一种持续进行的动作，所以应用过
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