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第一部分 阅读知识部分 第一章 阅读理解,一、考纲解读 阅读理解测试考生的英语阅读能力，要求考生能够读懂书、报、杂志、网络中的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：1.理解主旨和要义；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文推断生词的词义；4.通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示做出判断和推理；5.理解文章的基本结构；6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。从近几年新课标全国卷来看，阅读理解考查的词汇量有所增加，更加注重考查考生根据语境进行推理判断的能力。,二、命题特点 阅读理解的考查特点具体体现在以下几个方面： 1体裁丰富，题材广泛。 高考阅读理解的体裁涉及记叙文、夹叙夹议文、说明文、应用文和议论文；内容涉及社会、文化、经济、科普、新闻和广告等多种题材，尤其是国内外的新科技、新发明，时代感强，特别关注当今的热点话题。,2阅读量、信息量大。 考查阅读能力的一个重要方面是阅读速度，较大的阅读量、信息量对考生的阅读技能是一种有效的检测方法。 近几年高考试题都保持了较大的词汇量，所涉及的内容广泛而深刻，对于词汇能力的考查也继续保持了较高的要求，为考生提供了施展阅读才能的机会和开阔的思维空间。,3语篇结构复杂。 阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，语篇结构也有一定难度。作者在阐述问题时都使用多种技巧和修辞方法，文章的展开不全是平铺直叙，而是间有倒叙、插叙等多种方式。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序富于变化，隐含信息较多，再加上阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的遣词造句趋于地道，因此，许多文段读起来感到“生涩”，有时读懂了文字，但不一定能够立刻领悟语篇的意思，常常要反复阅读几次才能读懂。,4语言难度较大。 具体表现在语句的长度、措辞的灵活性、一定量的生词量以及替代和省略手法的运用上。简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象随处可见，而且多种时态混用。词汇运用要求更高，活用词比比皆是，一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。,5题型设置合理。 设题手法更加灵活，设题方式呈多样化的趋势。题干及选项设置科学严谨、简洁精炼，信息定位具体，考点分布均匀，语言表达简洁、准确。不仅考查对文中的特定信息的理解把握，又涉及文章的主旨要义、作者的态度意图等深层理解题，更加注重考查学生的综合分析和概括能力。题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题一般每年2个左右，词义猜测题一般每年不超过1个。,三、考查话题及题型分布 近五年高考英语全国、新课标卷阅读理解话题分布情况：,根据最近五年全国、新课标卷高考阅读理解的话题所涉及的内容看，高考阅读理解注重素材的多样化、现代化和生活化，不仅主题广泛、科学实用，而且生动有趣、异彩纷呈。其题材涵盖人物故事、名人传记、前沿科技、环境保护、地理现象、历史文化、广告信息等，充分体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念，这些将是今后高考阅读理解选材的主要方向。,五年高考英语全国、新课标卷阅读理解题型分布情况：,高考英语阅读理解着重考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，在表层理解的事实性和细节性考题占有一定比例的同时，词义猜测、推理判断和主旨大意等深层次试题占有越来越大的比重，这反映了高考仍突出语言运用能力考查的命题思想。,事实细节题 一、 考纲要求 高考英语阅读理解部分考查的重点之一是考生对于文章细节信息的捕捉、理解和分析能力。细节题的比重一般为五分之一，换句话说，高考英语阅读理解的五篇文章中，每篇文章都至少设有一道细节题。细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力，内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。细节题属于浅层理解题，难度较低，答案明确具体，考生一般可以从阅读材料中直接找到。,二、 命题规律 1这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。 2此类试题一般又可分为两类：一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到；二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。,三、备考策略 细节理解题占所有阅读理解题的50%左右，是做好阅读理解的关键。 细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问)、语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语境上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。,所以破解事实细节类题目时，要网罗所有事实细节，然后去伪存真，揭去面纱，做到拨云见日，把握住作者真正要表达的东西，选取最佳选项。,做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。另外，在题干中寻找线索词，并注意题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词。注意线索词在文章中的位置，并标出实词的出处，为快速、准确地选择答案打下基础。,下面这些线索词能够反映句子间的逻辑关系。如：because，since，for，as等表示因果关系；after，first，next，later，meantime等表示时间关系；above，below，behind，in front of等表示方位关系；but，on the contrary，on the other hand 等表示转折或相对关系；furthermore，whats more 等表示递进关系；for instance，for example，such as等表示例证关系。这些表示逻辑关系的词语能为考生解答细节题提供重要的线索，考生要特别注意。,解答此类题目有时还要注意细读全文，变通理解，多方归纳，综合事实细节选定答案，平时阅读时，注意作者描述人物、事件等细节的常用写作手法与技巧，这样方可以不变应万变，达到拨云见日的效果。,四、解题建议 1高考试题中的细节理解题主要是通过语句的同义 或反义转换来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力。解答这类题可用“寻找题眼”，即从问题入手，找到问题中的题眼，有针对性地扫读短文，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，然后寻找相关的同义或反义表述，围绕主旨深刻理解材料。,2一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。但正确选项应当与主旨相关联。 3如果问题中含有否定意义的词语，如有not, except等，要特别留心，不要理解错了，而选相反的答案。,五、典例精析 【2015湖北卷】D The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.,First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled (芭蕾)dancer.“Im an inside guy，”Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”,On the station, the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的)cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.,Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat，“Your inner ear thinks yourre falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight.That can be annoyingthats why some people feel sick.”Within a couple daystruly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.,Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance, astronauts lose bone mass.Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a roundtrip to Mars.,1What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space? ADeciding on a proper sleep position. BChoosing a comfortable sleeping bag. CSeeking a way to fall asleep quickly. DFinding a right time to go to sleep.,2The astronauts will suffer from a carbondioxide headache when_ Athey circle around on their bikes Bthey use microcomputers without a stop Cthey exercise in one place for a long time Dthey watch a movie while pedaling,3Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because_ Atheir senses stop working Bthey have to stand up straight Cthey float out of their seats unexpectedly Dtheir brains receive contradictory messages,4One of the NASAs major concerns about astronauts is_ A. how much exercise they do on the station Bhow they can remain healthy for long in space Cwhether they can recover after returning home Dwhether they are able to go back to the station,【试题分析】 这是一篇说明文。本文通过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙：在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战 在于恰当的睡眠姿势；宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛；宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修养期和如何在太空长久地保持健康。,1解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.”可知在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势。故选A项。 答案：A 2. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache”可知宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛。故选C项。 答案：C,3. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Your inner ear thinks youre failing.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight.That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.”可知宇航员在大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。故选D项。 答案：D,4解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第一、二句“The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as is about keeping any individual astronaut healthyNASA is worried about two things ：.and, more importantly, how maintain strength and fitness.”可知美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心之一是如何在太空长久地保持健康。故选B项。 答案：B,即学即练 【2015北京卷】B Revolutionary TV Ears TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume(音量) and now its better and more affordable than ever!,With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level thats comfortable for them.You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute(静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environmentmaybe the baby is sleeping.Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame.,TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction car tip, not used in any other commercially available headset.This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable.Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers.Thats why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists(听觉学家) nationwide as well as worldfamous doctors.,Risk Free Trial! TV Ears comes with a 30day risk free trial. Special OfferNow $59.95. If youre not satisfied, return it. Moneyback guarantee! Call now ! 8001237832,【试题分析】 本文是一个广告，介绍的是一个全新的“电视耳机”，题目比较简单。 1TV Ears helps you_ Aimprove your sleeping quality Blisten to TV without disturbing others Cchange TV channels without difficulty Dbecome interested in ballgame programs,解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level thats comfortable for them”可知这种新型“电视耳机”不会打扰到其他人，符合B选项中的without disturbing others。故选B。 答案：B,2What makes TV Ears different from other headsets? AIt can easily set TV on mute. BIts headset volume is adjustable. CIt has a new noise reduction car tip. DIt applies special wireless technology.,解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一行“includes a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip, not used in any other commercially available headset。”可知这个全新的“电视耳机”包括一个全新的降噪耳塞，符合C中的”It has a new noise reduction ear tip。”故选C。 答案：C,3. This advertisement is made more believable by_ Ausing recommendations Boffering reasons for this invention Cproviding statistics. Dshowing the results of experiments.,解析：细节理解题。文中方框的内容很明显是来自医生和顾客的推荐(recommend)，故选A。 答案：A,意义猜测题 一、 考纲要求 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。,词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。,二、 命题规律 1要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。,三、备考策略 词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 1根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。,2根据同位关系进行猜测。 阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。 3根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。 在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。,4根据因果关系进行猜测。 在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 5根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。 文章中的代词it, that, this, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。,6根据同义关系进行猜测。 当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。 7根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。 根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。,8通过上下文理解猜测词义。 通过上下文的具体信息猜测词义是目前高考阅读理解题中最常见的一种命题形式。 四、解题建议 1理解含生词部分的上下文来推测其意思，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下求证”是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。,2. 根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果，也可由果推因。 3必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案。,五、典例精析 【2015四川卷】E No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rock nroll.Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say. “Technically, I think what theyre proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.,People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And theres no obvious answer.On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pick up truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.,The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板)Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.,Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths. However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way , who led the new study.West said ，“I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought ，Why dont they just try rolling the things？”“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides”， he realized.“That”，he notes，“should make a block of stone，a lot easier to roll than a square”,So he tried it He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground. They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.,West hasnt tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least, workers wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths. 1Its widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by_ Arolling them on roads Bpushing them over the sand Csliding them on smooth paths Ddragging them on some poles,2The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means_ Amade the path wet Bmade the path hard Cmade the path wide Dmade the path slippery,3What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to? ARolling the blocks with poles attached. BRolling the blocks on wooden wheels. CRolling poles to move the blocks. DRolling the blocks with fat.,4Why is rolling better than sliding according to West? ABecause more force is needed for sliding. BBecause rolling work can be done by fewer cattle. CBecause sliding on smooth road is more dangerous. DBecause less preparation on path is needed for rolling.,5What is the text mainly about? A. An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site. BAn application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site. CAn argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site. DAn introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.,【试题分析】 本文主要讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。 1C 2.解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段的“To make the work easier”，以及下文的“either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.”可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑，故选择D。 答案：D,3解析：词义猜测题。这是考查指代词的指代内容，由于是指代词，可知内容应该在上文，根据第六段的内容可知，选择A，意为把杆绑在石块上，然后滚动石块。 答案：A 4D 5C,即学即练 【2014四川省绵阳中学高三上学期第五次月考】 Audrey Hepburn (奥黛丽赫本) won an Academy Award as Best Actress for her first major American movie, Roman Holiday, which was released in 1953.But she is remembered as much for her_aid_work as for her acting.,Born in Belgium in 1929, Audreys father was British and her mother was Dutch.Audrey was sent to live at a British school for part of her childhood.During World War II, she lived and studied in the Netherlands.Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks.Audrey studied dance as a teenager and during college when she returned to London after the war.But she realized she wasnt going to be a ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员)So she began taking acting parts in stage shows.Later she began to get small parts in movies.,But it was Audrey Hepburns move to America that brought her true fame.In 1951 she played the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play of the same name to great critical praise.Two years later, Roman Holiday made her a star at the age of 24. Audrey made more than 25 movies.Among her most popular roles was Holly Golightly in Breakfast at Tiff anys in 1961.Three years later she played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady.,She was married two times and had one son by each husband.In 1989, the UN Childrens Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador.She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) projects.The UN agency said she was a tireless worker.She often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects.,Audrey Hepburn often said her loyalty to UNICEF was the result of her experiences as a child during World War II.She said she knew what it was like to be starving and to be saved by international aid.She was a goodwill ambassador until her death in 1993 from colon cancer. 【试题分析】 文章介绍了著名影星赫本的生平事迹。1953年主演的罗马假日使她一举成名。从1989年直至1993年去世，赫本一直担任联合国儿童基金会的特使，为拉美和非洲儿童提供很大的帮助。,1In Paragraph 1, “her aid work” means_ Awinning an Academy Award as Best Actress Btaking acting parts in stage shows Cmaking her own movies Dacting as a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF 解析：词义猜测题 第一段是全文的概括，其重心在后面，即奥黛丽赫本 尽管获得奥斯卡最佳女主角奖，但她担当的援助工作同样使人铭记。再结合文章接下来的叙述可知，D项正确。 答案：D,2The reason why Audrey lived and studied in the Netherlands was that_ Ashe wanted to be a ballerina Bher parents were from Britain Cit was safe there Dthe education there was excellent 答案：C,3We can infer from the passage that_ AAudreys parents lived in Germany during World War BAudrey lived in America in the 1950s CAudrey was made to give up dancing Dthe character “Gigi” in the Broadway play was her most popular role 答案：B,4_is the right order for Audreys life. The first time she began to play in movies. She returned to London from the Netherlands. She won an Academy Award as Best Actress. She travelled all over the wor1d in support of UNlCEF projects. She played a part in My Fair Lady.,A B C D 答案：A,推理判断题 一、考纲要求 高考英语阅读理解中的推理判断题，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。,二、 命题规律 1推理判断题考查的都是最简单的推理判断能力，不会涉及到复杂的推理和判断。 2综合利用文章中提供的细节、事实并根据上下文提供的线索进行逻辑分析，尤其要读透文章字里行间的含义，即透过表面认识本质，从而通过自己的推理、判断和引申来得出正确的认识。 3推理判断题涉及的文章内容可能是一句话或几句话、可能是一个或者两三个段落、甚至也可能是整篇文章。,三、备考策略 推理判断题属于深层理解题，要注意以下几个方面的问题： 考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。,首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。 其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。,针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。 针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。,四、解题建议 1要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 2做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。 3针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。,五、典例精析 【2015重庆卷】B In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment.Modern businesses have been following his lead，with more tactics(策略),One tactic involves where to display the goods.For example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section.They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food(垃圾食品)later in their trip.In department stores，the womens shoe section is generally next to the womens cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later.,Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers senses.Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping.They make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day.Music sells goods, too.Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up.,When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics.They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity.A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly.When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level.The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.,1. Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section? ATo save customers times. BTo show they are high quality foods. CTo help sell junk food. DTo sell them at discount prices.,2. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy? AOpening the store early in the morning. BDisplaying British wines next to French ones
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