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Module 6 War and PeacePart Two: Teaching Resources第二部分：教学资源2019-2020年高中英语必修6Module6Section2BackgroundinformationforModule6Warandpeace1. D-Day: Operation OverlordOn the 6th June, 1944, the largest amphibious assault in history was launched against the Normandy coast its ultimate goal, the establishment of an allied foothold in Nazi-occupied France. Having seen the tide of the war turn in North Africa in 1942, and the subsequent invasion of Sicily and mainland Italy in 1943, there was growing pressure on the allies to open up a new front by launching an invasion of north-west Europe. This was pounded by the fighting on the eastern front, which had seen the Russians suffering huge casualties while slowly grinding their way forward against the tottering Wehrmacht. Therefore, in July 1943, the first plans were put in place for invasion the target, Normandy. 2. Root causes of warCulture of violence The culture of violence pervades our society, glorifying war rather than educating for peace, nonviolence, and international cooperation. Globalization Economic globalization has marginalized broad sections of the worlds population, further widening the gap between rich and poor. Use of environmental resources The use of environmental resources is neither sustainable nor un-equitable. The worlds dominant consumers are overwhelmingly concentrated among the well off, but the environmental damage from it falls most severely on the poor. Colonialism and neo-colonialism Indigenous and un-represented peoples are suffering from the suppression of their right to self-determination, ethnic and cultural genocide, the violation of their cultural, language and religious freedoms, and the militarisation and nuclearisation of their lives, lands and waters. Racial, ethnic, religious, and gender intolerance Ethnic, religious and racial intolerance, and nationalism are among the principal sources of modern armed conflict. Gender injustice The costs of the machismo that still pervades most societies are high for men whose choices are limited by this standard, and for women who experience continual violence both in war and in peace. Lack of protection and respect for children & youth Children and youth continue to be exploited and victimized, particularly in violent conflict situations where harming children has bee not only a consequence, but frequently a strategy of war. Lack of democracy and just global governance The promotion of democracy at all levels of society is a prerequisite for replacing the rule of force with the rule of law. Belief that violence and warfare are inherent in human nature It is monly assumed that violence and warfare are inherent in human nature. Local munity violence Violence in local munities paves the way for conflicts at national and international levels. Religions Religions have been a cause of war.3. Movement for the Abolition of WarWe have all the potential tools, skills and laws needed to abolish war. Join us in helping to build:An end to arm sales Well researched campaign through Parliament and the Media Economic justice For those who lack basic resources The Criminal Court Every national or military leader t be accountable internationally A more equitable UN Give poor and small states a voice Political Rights For persecuted minorities A World Peace force Instead of gunboat diplomacy Conflict prevention Early outside mediation by the UN with Civilian monitors Honoured treaties Such as Kyoto, Landmines and the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Education for peace In schools, colleges and the Media
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