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2019-2020年高中英语Unit4PublictransporSectionProject教学案牛津译林版选修7原文呈现读文清障Traffic Accidents and Road SafetyThe number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year. This notice is aimed at increasing peoples knowledge of the problem.We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them. This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well ascyclists and pedestrians. We all have a responsibility to prevent accidents.Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.arise/raIz/vi.出现，产生arise from 起因于，由引起现在分词短语用作the deaths 的后置定语。over the past year 在过去的一年里，常与现在完成时连用。be aimed at 目的是，目标是be aware of 意识到，认识到be true of 符合，适用于as well as 也，又cyclist/saIklIst/n.骑自行车的人pedestrian/pdestrIn/n.行人，步行者 adj.行人(使用)的have a responsibility to do sth. 有责任做某事in connection with 与有关minibus/mInIbs/n.中巴，小型公共汽车本句为完全倒装句。交通事故与道路安全在过去的一年里，道路交通事故及由此造成的死亡人数均有所增长。此通告旨在提高人们对这一问题的认识。我们都必须意识到造成交通事故的潜在原因，并采取措施防止事故发生。这对每个人都尤为重要，因为事故不只是影响到骑自行车的人和行人，而且还影响到机动车驾驶员，我们大家都有责任预防事故的发生。以下是机动车(如小汽车、小型巴士和货车)引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及为防止事故发生，司机们应采取的措施。Drivers not paying attention This is the most mon cause of accidents. When drivers do not pay attention to surrounding traffic, they are not ready when another driver does something wrong， like turning without signalling or giving wrong signals.Drivers getting annoyedin a traffic jam Many drivers are aggressive and push into other lanes of traffic or pass other cars. These are both very dangerous because they can result in crashes.Drivers speaking on mobile phones Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones while driving has increased by 30 per cent. Speaking on the phone requires a person to concentrate and takes a drivers attention from the road.do something wrong 做错事give wrong signals 发出错误信号get annoyed 感到苦恼；失去耐心aggressive/gresIv/adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的push into 推进，推动lane/leIn/n.车道；小路；小巷crash/kr/n. &vi. &vt.撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃fine/faIn/vt.处以罚金过去分词短语fined for speaking . 作后置定语，修饰people, people 与fine之间是被动关系。while driving补充完整为while they are driving。司机注意力不集中这是事故最常见的原因。当司机不注意周围的交通状况，而另一个司机出了差错(如未打信号灯就突然转向、发出错误信号等)时他们缺乏准备。司机在交通堵塞时没有耐心许多司机好逞强，他们抢道或超车。这两种情况都非常危险，因为它们很容易导致撞车。司机驾驶时用手机打电话最近因驾驶时用手机打电话而被罚款的司机人数增长了30%。使用手机通话需要集中注意力，这样就分散了司机对路面情况的注意力。Drinking and driving If you drive after you have consumed alcoholic drinks or are drunk， you are violating the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others. If you are with someone who has been drinking alcohol, even if it is just a couple of beers， do not allow them to drive.Drivers speeding Speed kills. This is a fact that is easily ignored, but driving too fast through city streets is very dangerous. Our city streets are always crowded with people, cars and bicycles. Drivers have to take the responsibility to watch out for people crossing the road, especially senior citizens who may not be able to walk very fast and young children who may not look before stepping into the road. Drivers should be careful near schools in particular， because there are likely to be many children.On the next page are some of the chief causes of road accidents related to cyclists and pedestrians, and what they should do to prevent accidents.drunk/drk/adj.喝醉的 n醉汉，酒鬼violate/vaIleIt/vt.违犯，违反；侵犯violate the law 违法risk ones life冒生命危险risk doing sth. 冒险做某事beer/bI(r)/n.啤酒；一杯(或一罐)啤酒be crowded with 挤满take the responsibility to do sth. 承担责任做某事watch out for 戒备，提防，密切注意step into 走进第一个who引导定语从句，修饰citizens；第二个who也引导定语从句，修饰children。in particular 特别，尤其be likely to do 可能做(be) related to 与有关酒后驾驶如果你喝了酒或喝醉了以后开车，那么你是在犯法并且危及自己和他人的生命。如果你和喝了酒的人在一起，即使他们只喝了几杯啤酒，也不要允许他们开车。超速驾驶超速是致命的。这是一个容易被忽视的事实，但在城市街道上车速过快是非常危险的。我们的城市街道总是挤满了行人、小汽车和自行车。司机们有责任留意过马路的人们，尤其是那些行动缓慢的老人和过马路时不注意观察两边的儿童。司机们在学校附近尤其要小心，因为那里可能有许多儿童。下页讲的是与骑自行车的人和行人相关的道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及他们为防止事故应采取的措施。Cyclists not paying attention Many cyclists fail to pay attention to the cars that surround them, and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop. Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them, but this is not true. Cyclists should always signal at turnings and stay on the correct side of the road.Riding bicycles on the pavement Sometimes bicycles are allowed on the pavement, but cycling on the pavement can be dangerous to pedestrians. When on the pavement, cyclists should walk next to their bicycles to avoid causing any accidents.Cyclists carrying a passenger Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control. This lack of control is an invitation to accidents.Bicycles without lights It is remended to have a light on your bicycle at night. Check your light regularly to make sure it works, as many accidents are caused at night because a bicycle cannot be seen.fail to do sth. 未能做某事too . to . 太而不能make the assumption that . 做出的假设apply to 适合，适用于turning/tnI/n.拐弯处，转弯处at turnings 在转弯处avoid doing sth.避免做某事load/ld/n.负荷，负载；大量，许多 vt.装载，装上，装入lack of 缺少，缺乏invitation 此处意为“招致，诱发”。It is remended to do . “被建议做”。it 是形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式短语。remend 当“建议”讲时，其后从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should do, should 可以省略。as many accidents . 是 as 引导的原因状语从句。骑自行车的人注意力不集中许多骑自行车的人不注意周围的汽车，而且经常骑得太靠近汽车，以至于他们没有足够的空间和时间刹车。一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规与他们无关，但这是错误的。骑自行车的人每当转弯时都应该示意，并且只能在规定的道路一侧骑车。在人行道上骑自行车有时候自行车是允许在人行道上骑的，但在人行道上骑自行车对行人来说是很危险的。在人行道上时，骑自行车的人应推着车子走，以免造成事故。骑自行车带人用自行车载重物会使车子更难控制，而缺乏控制就会诱发事故。自行车无灯夜间骑自行车建议你在自行车上装个灯。定期检查灯是否完好，因为许多事故是由于夜间自行车未被看见而造成的。Bicycles in need ofrepair Another cause of accidents is that bicycles are not kept in good condition. Often brakes do not work properly or tyres are so old that the bicycle cannot stop in time.Pedestrians crossing the road in the wrong way Road safety is important for pedestrians too. They should remember to be cautious, and look both ways and listen for cars that they might not be able to see. Pedestrians should always cross the road on a crossing， and should never run across the road. Parents and teachers have a responsibility to teach children how to cross the road safely.Ignoringtraffic lights Traffic lights are there to guide traffic in a reasonable way. Pedestrians, cyclists and drivers should all obey traffic lights, stopping when the light is red and waiting for it to turn green to go.It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.in need of 需要in good condition 状况良好keep . in good condition 使保持良好状况brake/breIk/n.刹车，车闸vt.用车闸减速，刹车tyre/taI(r)/n.轮胎in time 及时on time 按时that they might not be able to see是that引导的定语从句，修饰cars。crossing/krsI/n.人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越run across 跑着穿过；偶遇ignore v忽视，不理睬in a reasonable way 以合情合理的方式It is up to sb. to do sth. 由某人负责做某事；that we avoid accidents . 是 that 引导的宾语从句，作make sure的宾语。自行车需要修理事故的另一个原因是自行车的车况不好。经常发生刹车不灵或车胎老化以致不能及时刹车的情况。行人乱穿马路道路安全对行人也很重要。行人应记住要小心，向左右两边看，要注意听，以免有车而没有注意到。行人应总是在十字路口过马路，永远都不要横穿马路。父母和老师有责任教孩子们怎样安全过马路。忽视交通灯交通灯指挥交通有序进行。行人、骑自行车的人和司机们都应遵守交通信号灯，遇红灯要停，等它变绿时才能走。,我们要注意道路安全，从而确保避免事故，这一切都取决于我们道路使用者。Step 1Choose the best answers according to the text.1The purpose of this text is mainly to_.Aanalyze the causes of traffic problemsBconclude the solutions to traffic problemsCmake people aware of traffic problems and give advice on how to solve themDblame the traffic problems on vehicle drivers2Which of the following is NOT drivers fault to lead to traffic problems?ASpeeding.BHeavy traffic.CBeing impatient in a traffic jam.DNot paying attention to surrounding traffic.3What does “This lack of control is an invitation to accidents.” most probably mean?AThis lack of control can prevent traffic problems.BThis lack of control can result in traffic problems.CThis lack of control proves successful to prevent traffic accidents.DTraffic accidents happen every day without any control.4How can a cyclist prevent a traffic accident?ARiding too close to vehicles.BSignalling when turning onto the correct side of the road.CRiding along the pavement.DRiding with overloads.5What shouldnt a pedestrian do when he crosses the road?ALooking both ways.BListening for cars.CRunning across the road.DWaiting for green lights.答案：15CBBBCStep 2Fill in each blank with only one word according to the text.TitleTraffic Accidents and Road SafetyMain ideaThe number of road accidents and the deaths 1.arising from those accidents has increased over the past year. Drivers of vehicles as well as 2.cyclists and pedestrians must be aware of the 3.potential causes of traffic accidents to prevent them.Potential causes about driversDrivers not paying attentionDrivers getting 4.annoyed in a traffic jamDrivers speaking on mobile phones5.Drinking and drivingDrivers 6.speedingPotential causes about cyclists and pedestriansCyclists not paying attentionRiding bicycles on the 7.pavementCyclists carrying a passengerBicycles without lightsBicycles in need of 8.repairPedestrians crossing the road in the wrong way9.Ignoring traffic lightsConclusionIt is up to all of us road users to make sure that we 10.avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇 1.arisevi.出现，产生2.pedestriann. 行人，步行者adj. 行人(使用)的3.minibusn. 中巴，小型公共汽车4.crashn&v. 撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃5.finevt. 处以罚金6.turningn. 拐弯处，转弯处7.braken. 刹车，车闸vt. 用车闸减速，刹车8.crossingn. 人行横道，十字路口；交叉点；穿越.拓展词汇1.cyclistn. 骑自行车的人cycle vi.骑自行车2.drunkadj.喝醉的n.醉汉，酒鬼drink vt.喝，饮；喝酒3.violatevt.违犯，违反；侵犯violation n违反，违犯；侵犯4.loadn负荷，负载；大量，许多vt.装载，装上loaded adj.有负载的unload v. 卸(货)5.aggressiveadj.好斗的，挑衅的aggression n挑衅，好斗1.arise vi.出现，产生词块arise to ones feet 起立arise from/out of 起因于近义appear v. 出现比较rise vi. 升起raise vt. 提高2.violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯词块to violate international law 违反国际法近义break v. 违反反义obey v. 服从；遵守3.aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的词块aggressive nations 侵略成性的国家近义attacking adj. 攻击的ambitious adj. 有野心的4.load n负载；大量 vt.装载词块like a load off ones mind 如释重负load a ship with coal 把煤装上船近义burden n. 重负二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.arise from起因于，由引起2.be aware of 意识到，认识到3.be true of 符合，对适用4.in connection with 和有关5.result in 导致6.watch out for 密切注意，戒备，提防7.in particular 尤其，特别8.be aimed at 旨在，目的是9.in good condition 状况良好10.listen for 留心听1.the potential causes of .潜在原因2.have a responsibility to prevent accident 有责任去预防事故的发生3.violate the law 触犯法律4.traffic laws 交通法规5.signal at turnings 在拐弯处发信号6.avoid causing any accidents 避免造成事故7.over the past year 在过去的一年里8.the major causes of . 主要原因9.get annoyed 感到苦恼10.traffic jams 交通阻塞三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians. 这对每个人都尤为重要，因为事故不只是影响到骑自行车的人和行人，而且还影响到机动车驾驶员。as well as “除之外；也；还”，用于连接并列成分。He advised me as_well_as answered my questions. 他不但回答了我的问题，还给我提出了建议。2.Many cyclists fail to pay attention to the cars that surround them, and often ridetoo close to cars to allow them space and time to stop. 许多骑自行车的人不注意周围的汽车，而且经常骑得太靠近汽车，以至于他们没有足够的空间和时间刹车。too . to . “太而不能”，用来表示结果。The sentence is too_difficult for me to_translate. 这个句子太难，我不会翻译。3.It is up to all of us road usersto make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety. 我们要注意道路安全，从而确保避免事故，这一切都取决于我们道路使用者。Its up to sb. to do sth. “做某事是某人的义务，由某人决定做某事”。Its_up_to_all_of_us_to_solve the problems in our neighbourhood. 解决我们小区的问题是我们所有人的责任。1(教材P62)The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.在过去的一年里，道路交通事故及由此造成的死亡人数均有所增长。arise vi.出现，产生arise from/out of起因于，由引起The problem may not arise, but theres no harm in keeping your powder dry.问题不一定会发生，但有备无患并无害处。In my opinion, your sleeplessness is likely to arise from/out_of the pressure of your work.依我看，你失眠很可能是工作压力造成的。名师点津arise 的主语多为argument, problem, question, quarrel, movement等抽象名词。辨析比较arise, rise, raisearise不及物动词，意为“产生，发生，出现”。通常以抽象名词作主语，一般表示事物和问题的产生和出现rise不及物动词，意为“上升；增加；上涨”。常用于日、月、云、雾、物价、河水等的上升、提高raise及物动词，意为“举起；提高；饲养；募集”等。用于“提升”之意时，重在表达使物体达到应有高度之意，既用于具体物体，也用于抽象物体选择上述单词填空The panys losses this year arise almost entirely from the poor management.We were watching the children raising the national flag, and we saw it rising slowly in the wind.2(教材P62)This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians.这对每个人都尤为重要，因为事故不只是影响到骑自行车的人和行人，而且还影响到机动车驾驶员。be true of符合，对适用Forgiving others faults actually brings happiness to me. It is true ofall of us.原谅别人的过错确实给我带来快乐。这也适用于我们大家。Babies need a lot of sleep and this is particularly true of newborns.婴儿需要大量的睡眠，新生儿尤其如此。3(教材P62)Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.以下是机动车(如小汽车、小型巴士和货车)引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及为防止事故发生司机们应采取的措施。in connection with和有关A man has been arrested in connection with the murder of the teenager.一名男子因与谋杀少年案有关而被捕。A man is being questioned by the police in_connection_with the attack.一名与本次袭击有关的男子正受到警方的盘问。The pany has_connection_with a number of African firms.这家公司与很多非洲的公司有业务往来。Ihave no immediate connection with the visitor.我和这个来访者没有直接关系。名师点津表示“与有关(联)系”的短语还有：be connected withbe linked tobe related to be associated with4(教材P62)These are both very dangerous because they can result incrashes.这两种情况都非常危险，因为它们很容易导致撞车。crash v碰撞；(飞机等)失事；发出撞击声或响声；失败，倒闭 nC撞车；坠毁；猛撞；倒闭；(计算机或程序的)崩溃crash into sth.碰撞/撞上某物a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故/飞机失事The pany crashed with debts of 50 million.那家公司由于负债5 000 万英镑而宣告破产。It was so lucky that most of the passengers survived the_plane_crash.大部分乘客从撞机事件中生还，真是幸运极了。语境串记He experienced a serious crash today his car crashed into another and let out a loud crash of breaking glass.他今天经历了一起严重的撞车事故他的车撞上了另一辆车，发出了很大的玻璃撞碎的声音。5(教材P63)Carrying more than a lightload on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control.用自行车载重物会使车子更难控制。load n负荷，负载，大量；许多vt.装载，装上，装入take a load off ones mind除去某人(责任或忧虑)的沉重感loads of/lots of/a load of很多load . with . 用装载load sth. into/onto 把某物装入/上The lorry had to stop because its load had fallen off.货车只好停下，因为它装载的东西掉下来了。They are loading the truckwith fresh fruits. They are loading fresh fruits onto/into the truck.他们正在往卡车上装新鲜水果。There are loads_of/a_load_of/lots_of great places to see in Australia.澳大利亚有很多特别棒的地方值得一看。1This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians.这对每个人都尤为重要，因为事故不只是影响到骑自行车的人和行人，而且还影响到机动车驾驶员。(1)句中as well as意为“(除外)也，和”，用以连接并列成分。We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls.我们在粉刷墙壁同时也在修理屋顶。Hes got a car as_well_as a motorbike.他不但有一辆摩托车，而且还有一辆小汽车。(2)as well as的意思相当于not only . but also ., 但用法相反。前者强调其前面的句子成分，因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致，即所谓“前重于后”；后者强调其后面的句子成分，因此连接并列主语时谓语动词应与后面的主语保持一致，即所谓的“后重于前”。He as well as I is (be) willing to help you.他和我都乐于帮助你。Not only he but also I am (be) willing to help you.不但他而且我也乐于帮助你。名师点津与as well as 用法类似，在连接并列成分作主语时，谓语的人称和数应与其前面的主语保持一致的词语还有：with, together with, along with等。2It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.我们要注意道路安全，从而确保避免事故，这一切都取决于我们道路使用者。Its up to sb. to do sth. 表示“做某事是某人的义务，由某人决定做某事”。Its not up to you to tell me how to do my job.还轮不到你来告诉我怎么做我的工作。Its up to the travel pany to_warn (warn) the customers of any possible dangers.旅游公司有义务预先告知顾客任何可能的危险。Its up to sb.由某人决定When shall we go to the hospital to see our teacher?It_is_up_to_you. I am free at any time.我们什么时候去医院看望老师？由你决定。我什么时候都有空。.单句语法填空1A Malaysia Airlines passenger jet was reported to_have_crashed (crash) in Ukraine 60 km from the border with Russia with 298 people aboard.2A similar situation appears to be true of other planetary systems as well.3He regarded the burglary as a violation (violate) of his home.4The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed (aim) at increasing interest in locally grown food.5I am writing to you in connection with your recent job application.6He publishes as well as prints (print) his own books.7Are there any problems loading the goods onto the boat?8He was fined for speeding.9They are talking about the problems arising (arise) as a result of change over a new type of fuel.10Who do you think it is up to to_clean (clean) the windows today?.完成句子1他们的车撞到货车后三个人死亡。Three people were killed when their car crashed_into_a_lorry.2他违反人权，应该受到惩罚。He should be punished for violating_human_rights.3警方在全城张贴了他们正在搜寻的那个男人的照片，那个男子与一起在银行外发生的谋杀案有关。The police have put up posters around the city with photos of the man they are seeking in_connection_with_a_murder outside a bank.4自从曼迪走后，我的工作量加倍了。My_work_load_has_doubled since Mandy left.5该机构鼓励成员经常聚会，还给他们提供经济上的帮助。The organization encourages members to meet on a regular basis, as_well_as_providing_them with financial support.6由你们决定是否周末去公园。Its_up_to_you_to_decide whether well go to the park this weekend.7通告的目的是增加人们对事故的了解。This notice is_aimed_at_increasing_peoples_awareness of the accidents.8现在因缺乏交流而引发的家庭问题越来越多。There are more and more family problems arising_from_the_lack_of_munication.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1Some children are much more aggressive (好斗的) than others.2Her illness arose (引起) from lack of rest.3There were a lot of drunk (喝醉的) drivers on the roads on Saturday nights.4They are loading (装载) the truck with peaches.5He braked (刹车) his car just in time and avoided an accident.6She announced that she would never do anything violating (违反) the rules.7Only a few were content to pay the fines (罚金)8The table shook suddenly, and all the glasses came crashing (发出撞击声) onto the floor.9If more drivers became walkers or cyclists (骑自行车的人), the environment would be more friendly to people.10I think we must have taken a wrong turning (拐弯处) somewhere.单句语法填空1A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.2I dont think people are really aware of how much it costs.3I didnt follow my teachers advice, which resulted in my failure.4Turn right at the second crossing (cross) and you will find the post office.5The young man always escapes being_fined (fine) as he has got a very fast sports car.6New difficulties will arise from such situations.7Whose advice do you think I should take?Its up to you.8. The father as well as his three children goes (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.9The price of the house is reasonable and I love its garden in particular. We can grow flowers and vegetables there.10He soon made it clear why he had asked for a conference.串点成篇微表达一辆满载(load)煤炭的卡车冲出(crash)道路，司机和(as well as)副司机严重受伤。问题出现(arise)了。是机器出了毛病，还是司机违反(violate)了交通规则？我想应该由交警决定(up to) 吧。A_truck_with_a_load_of_coal_crashed_out_of_the_road,_and_the_driver_as_well_as_his_assistant_driver_was_badly_injured._Problems_arose._Did_the_machine_break_down_or_the_driver_violate_the_traffic_rules?_I_think_its_up_to_traffic_police_to_decide.本单元语言点温故练习.单句改错1The school trip has bee an annually event.annuallyannual2Why not to write to her? She needs your advice.去掉write前的to3
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