2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Ahealthylife讲义新人教版选修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Ahealthylife讲义新人教版选修重点单词1.abuse n& vt.滥用；虐待2ban vt.禁止；取缔n禁令；谴责3due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的4tough adj.困难的；强硬的5withdrawal n收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程6quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开7effect n结果；效力8pregnant adj.怀孕的9resolve n决心；决定10chemist n药剂师；化学家11prehension n理解(力)12risk n危险；冒险13prejudice n偏见；成见14awkward adj.局促不安的；笨拙的15stress n压力；重音vt.加压力于；使紧张stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的stressed adj.焦虑不安的16adolescent n青少年adj.青春期的adolescence n青春期17addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的addiction n沉溺；嗜好addictive adj.使人上瘾的addict vt.使上瘾n有瘾的人18accustom vt.使习惯于accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的19automatic adj.无意识的；自动的automatically adv.无意识地；自动地20mental adj.精神的；智力的mentally adv.精神上；智力上physical adj.身体的，肉体的重点单词21.abnormal adj.畸形的；异常的normal(反义词)adj.正常的；平常的22breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的breath n呼吸breathe v呼吸23strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强vi.变强strength n力气；力量；强项24desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的desperately adv.拼命地；绝望地25disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的disappointing adj.令人失望的disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴disappointment n失望；沮丧26ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的shame n羞愧shameful adj.可耻的shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的27appendix n附录；附件appendixes/appendices(pl.)28illegal adj.不合法的；违法的legal(反义词)adj.合法的29survival n幸存；幸存者survive vt.幸存；活下来30embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的embarrass vt.使困窘；阻碍embarrassment n窘迫；难堪；使人为难的人或事31relaxation n放松；松弛relax v使放松relaxed adj.轻松的relaxing adj.使人放松的32weaken vi.(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱vt.(使)变弱weak adj.虚弱的weakness n弱点重点短语1.due_to 由于2.bee_addicted_to 对有瘾3bee_accustomed_to 习惯于 4.decide_on 对作出决定5feel_like_(doing) 想要(做) 6.in_spite_of 不管；不顾7take_risks/a_risk 冒险 8.get_into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)9at_risk 处境危险；遭受危险 10.be_desperate_for 极需要重点句型1.find it difficult to do sth发现做某事是有困难的Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and you are finding it difficult to give it up.(教材P18)2强调谓语和as.as句型I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. (教材P18)3时间名词用作从属连词Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.(教材P19)语法要点it的用法(I)It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.(教材P18)1stressn重压，逼迫；压力；重音；重点vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读；强调(1)(2) 强调某事物(3)stressed adj.焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的(4)stressful adj.压力大的；紧张的She said the secrets to their successful marriage include being able to laugh together and their ability to stay calm under stress.她说他们幸福婚姻的秘诀包括能够一起开怀大笑以及能够在压力下仍然镇定自若。If you feel stressed(stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of greater and less importance.如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要哪些不太重要。It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a petitive and stressful(stress) society. 不计前嫌也是一种美德，尤其是在竞争如此激烈，压力如此沉重的社会中。2banvt.禁止；取缔n禁令；谴责Do you think smoking should be banned? (教材P17)你认为吸烟应该被禁止吗？(1)ban(2)They signed agreements banning(ban) the use of chemical weapons.他们签订了禁止使用化学武器的协议。She was banned from peting for two years after failing a drug test.她没有通过药检，被禁赛两年。The beef export ban is likely to_be_lifted(lift) this year.牛肉出口的禁令有可能在今年被解除。There is to be a total ban on smoking in the office.在办公室吸烟将遭到全面禁止。3addictedadj.入了迷的；上了瘾的You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.(教材P18)你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子时，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。(1)get/bee/be addicted to (doing) sth沉溺于/专心(做)某事(2)(3)addiction n嗜好As far as Im concerned, its not wise for us to be addicted to playing(play) with smart phones because we may ignore other important things in life.就我个人而言，迷恋于玩智能手机是不明智的，因为我们有可能忽视生活中其他重要的事情。Her son addicted himself to smoking, which had a bad effect on his health.她的儿子患上烟瘾，这对他的健康影响不好。Addicted(addict) to playing the violin, he didnt find a thief walk into his house.他醉心于拉小提琴，没有注意到小偷进屋。4effectn结果；效力；影响When I was young, I didnt know much about the harmful effects of smoking.(教材P18)在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。(1)have an effect on/upon对有效；对产生影响(2) 生效；奏效(3)be of no effect 没有效果；无用(4)bring/put.into effect实行/实施(5)side effect副作用I am writing to tell you that the finless porpoise is being extinct because humans activities have a bad effect on/upon them.我写信告诉你中国长江江豚正面临灭绝，因为人类的活动对它们产生了不利的影响。It wont be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare every effort to do it.把这些变化落到实处不是件容易的事，因此我们必须尽一切努力做这件事。One of the most effective(effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。5ashamedadj.感到惭愧或羞耻的If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed.(教材P19)如果你因为意志薄弱而又吸烟了，也不要觉得难为情。(1)(2)(3)shameful adj.(事情或行为)可耻的；不体面的He was ashamed of his shameful conduct, determined never to do such things again. (shame)他为自己可耻的行为而感到羞愧，决定再也不做这样的事情了。Its a shame that you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often.真遗憾你住那么远，否则我们就可以经常见面了。6riskn危险；风险vt.冒失去之险；冒的风险He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.(教材P20)他觉得每一步都得作出决定而不是冒险。(1)(2)Describe how you can take risks to acplish tasks.讲讲你是怎么冒险完成任务的。He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.他冒着失去自己生命的危险救了我。 If you live abroad for a long time, you risk losing(lose) old friends in your homeland.如果你在国外住很长时间，你就会有失去国内老朋友的危险。1due to由于；因为 I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.(教材P18)我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。(1)以下短语都表示“因为”之意：because of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of, as a consequence of, in consequence of, on account of(2) 预定/预计(做)某事(3)(be) due to sb应支付/给予/归于某人The old man said the accident was due to careless driving, so a lot of money was due to_be_paid(pay) by the driver.老人说事故是由于粗心驾驶造成的，因此司机应支付很多钱给他。Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time.由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。I regret to inform you he died as a consequence of his injuries.我很遗憾地通知你，他因伤势太重不治身亡。She is due to_plete(plete) her study and graduate late this year.她预计今年将延期完成学业和毕业。Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。2bee accustomed to习惯于 This means that after a while your body bees accustomed to having nicotine in it.(教材P18)这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。 (1)be/get/bee accustomed to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事(2)Accustomed(accustom) to climbing the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top.因为习惯了爬陡峭的山，所以爬上山顶对他而言没有困难。He quickly accustomed himself(he) to the new way of life.他很快适应了这种新的生活方式。She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting(get) up early.她觉得有必要让她的孩子习惯早起。 3in spite of尽管In spite of all his efforts he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.(教材P20)尽管他很努力但还是失败了，他伤心得想哭。(1) 不管/不顾(2)in spite of the fact that.(同位语从句)尽管/虽然although/though从句Despite winning(win) the title, their last campaign ended in great disappointment.尽管赢得了冠军，但他们最后一役却令人大失所望。He went ahead and did it regardless of the consequence.他说干就干了，没有考虑结果。Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.虽然丈夫酗酒，但凯莉依然爱着他。4get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)；养成Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！(教材P20)当然，对付毒品的最好方法就是首先不能养成(吸毒的)习惯！get across (使)通过；(使)被理解；(把)讲清楚get along with进展；与相处get away逃脱；离开get away with做了坏事而不受处罚get down to开始做get out of逃避get over越过；克服(困难)；痊愈get through穿越(马路)；通过；接通(电话)；完成；熬过(困难期等)；克服(困难)Its easier to get into debt than to get out of it!负债容易还债难！How can I get it across to you how important this is?我怎么做才能让你们理解这件事的重要性？How are you getting along with your work?你的工作进展如何？I couldnt have him getting away withtelling(tell) lies.我不能容忍他说谎而免受惩罚。The task isnt as difficult as it seems when you really get down to it.当你真正开始做这项工作时，它就不像看上去那么难了。1find it difficult to do sth发现做某事是有困难的Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and you are finding it difficult to give it up. (教材P18)你母亲告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且发现现在很难把它戒掉。【句式点拨】本句采用的是“主语finditadj./n.to do sth”的结构。在本结构中，it只是形式宾语，而后面的to do sth才是真正的宾语。用在这种结构中的其他动词还有：think, feel, make, consider等。I find it easy to begin smoking and tough to stop.我发现开始吸烟很容易但戒烟很难。Some of my students feel it hard to_learn(learn) English and want to give it up.我的一些学生感到学英语很难，想要放弃。The Internet has made it possible to_municate(municate) with people around the world.因特网使世界各地的人们可以相互交流。2强调谓语和as.as句型I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.(教材P18)我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样健康长寿。【句式点拨】“do/does/did动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气。此句中as.as 引导状语从句，两个 as之间可以是 adj./adv.也可以是n.，如果涉及数量可以用 as much/manyn.as.，或者 asadj.an/an.as.，此结构还可与 twice, three times, half 等倍数词连用。(1)soadj.a(n)n.that.如此以至于(2)asadj.a(n)n.as.和(不)一样 (3)tooadj.a(n)n.to do.太而不能 I have read as interesting a book as you have read.我读的书和你读的书一样有趣。 The man hopes to live as simple a life as his grandpa.这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过着俭朴的生活。 This is so difficult a problem that no one can work it out.这道题太难，没人能解答出来。 It is too high a price for us to pay.这个价格太高，我们付不起。3时间名词用作从属连词Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.(教材P19)每次你想吸烟的时候，要提醒自己你是一个不吸烟的人。 【句式点拨】本句中的every time“每次”用来引导时间状语从句，表示经常性的动作。该从句中也用一般现在时代替将来时。(1)下列名词词组可以起连词作用：the序数词time 第次next/any/every/each time下一/任何一/每次(2)名词the moment/instant/minute/second及副词directly, instantly, immediately等也可以用来引导时间状语从句Each time I call the number, I get a busy signal.我每次拨打这个号码，电话总是忙音。He loved her the first time he saw her.他对她一见钟情。Directly(direct) the teacher came in everyone was quiet.老师一进来大家就安静了。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1Some people have to lead stressful(stress) lifestyles out of necessity, and it is urgent for them to take some time to relax.2You may be physically and mentally(mental) exhausted after a long flight. Do get a good rest after you arrive at the destination.3Accustomed to drinking(drink) a cup of hot tea every evening in the cold winter, I feel refreshed again.4Any behaviour that is repeated enough times will eventually bee a habit and happen automatically(automatic)5As is reported in China Daily, the presidents visit is intended to_strengthen(strength) ties between the two countries.6They accused the pany of having a prejudice against its women employees who get lower pay than their male colleagues even when they are doing the same amount of work. 7The health of women is clearly at risk when they have little money, no medicines and no access to prevention or treatment services. 8Having_abused(abuse) his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, William is now under investigation.9You shouldnt ask her private questions that will make her feel embarrassed(embarrass)10Recently, he has bee addicted(addict) to puter games.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism the wildlife in the area.2Last year, a 3yearold boy with HIV banned from using a public swimming pool and shower in Alabama. 3Because his lung trouble is worse and worse, it is urgent to decide a day to give up smoking. 4He decided to take risk of sharing his personal secrets with a total stranger.5. / to living in Tianjin for quite a few years, Mr Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.6As is known to all, it takes time for an old man to be accustomed to in the new surroundings. 7When Mark was abroad, he began to take drugs and became to them.8. at failing in the math exam, John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.9Next time when you pay a visit to Wuhan, Ill show you around.10After seeing your ad, I think your sixweek English course is very fit me.课文语法填空Though Ill be 82 years old, I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres every day. I think it is due 1.to the healthy life that I live. But I have heard that you 2.are_addicted(addict) to smoking cigarettes and find it tough to give it up. You may bee addicted in three different ways. First, after smoking for a while, your body bees 3.accustomed(accustom) to having nicotine in it, so you bee physically addicted to it. Secondly, if you keep 4.smoking(smoke) over and over again, you begin to do it 5.automatically(automatical) through habit. Lastly, if you feel happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, you will be 6.mentally(mental) addicted.When I was young, my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. And I found I became 7.breathless(breath). As a result, I was so unfit that I 8.was_taken(take) off the school football team. Later, I knew smoking did cause damage to our health and even had harmful effects on babies, leading to a smaller birth weight or an 9.abnormal(normal) condition. 10.To_strengthen(strengthen) your resolve, I found some advice on the Internet for you to read. I do hope you will live as long and healthy a life as I have.阅读理解ABest paniesShine United (Madison, Wisconsin)In the past five years, this Wisconsinbased advertising agency has shared more than $500,000 in profits with its employees through the panys ShineShares program. The agency partnered with the University of Wisconsins oncology department to develop the Ride, a biking event that benefits cancer research. Employees also get snacks every day, “Beer Thirty” on Thursdays, and Summer Fridays, a program that lets employees leave at noon.GroundFloor Media (Denver, Colorado)The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm in Denver is that employees work anytime, anywhere. Headquarters are in a former warehouse downtown, near Coors Field. The offices are spread around the central space that doubles as a wet bar every Thursday when the panys “beer club” brings in a new brew.Ergodyne (St Paul, Minnesota)The St Paulbased pany has grown to operate out of a retired storehouse with plenty of natural light. Rules about dressing? “Wear something.” Its purpose? To create cool, fortable, and tough safety workwear for those who need it to get the job done. Ergodyne has around 50 employees, who enjoy hotdish cookoffs, tickets to sporting events, and at least one happy hour every quarter.Southwest Michigan First (Kalamazoo, Michigan)Its family first at this Michigan economic development advising agency. CEO Ron Kitchens says that in the past year, the pany has made a push to go green, initially started by the millennial employees who make up half the agencys workforce. A new staff position is created for the purpose of making sure every employee is able to balance working and cheering at their kids sporting events or going fishing.语篇导读本文为广告类应用文，主要介绍了四个最好的公司。它们有的和员工分享利润并给员工提供零食和啤酒，有的鼓励员工陪伴家人，有的允许员工在任何时候任何地点工作，有的允许员工穿着随意的衣服。1Whats the purpose of the ShineShares program?ATo raise money for a research.BTo let employees leave earlier.CTo share the panys benefits.DTo partner with a local university.解析 C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在过去的五年时间里，这家位于威斯康星州的广告代理公司通过ShineShares项目和公司员工分享了五十万美元的利润；据此可知，ShineShares项目的目的在于和员工分享利润，故选C项。2What does Southwest Michigan First encourage their employees to do?ATo acpany their families.BTo create new staff positions.CTo join in cooking petitions.DTo enjoy themselves in sporting events.解析 A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句的Its family first和最后一句可知，该公司设立了新的职位，目的是保证每位员工能平衡工作和在孩子的运动会中加油或钓鱼的安排；据此可以判断，该公司鼓励员工陪伴家人，故选A项。3Which pany allows its staff a flexible working time?AShine United.BGroundFloor Media.CSouthwest Michigan First.DErgodyne.解析 B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在该中等规模的公关公司工作的重点是员工可以在任何时间任何地点工作；据此可知，GroundFloor Media公司允许员工有弹性的工作时间，故选B项。4What can we know about the panies mentioned in the text?AThey offer employees financial support.BThey care about employees happiness.CThey have strict rules about dressing.DThey have training programs.解析 B推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四个通过自己的政策为员工谋幸福的公司：Shine United公司与员工分享利润，为员工提供零食；GroundFloor Media公司允许员工有弹性的工作时间；Ergodyne公司允许员工任意穿着以创造轻松安全的工作环境；Southwest Michigan First公司鼓励员工陪伴家人，故选B项。BThe argument over New Yorks ban on sales of supersized highsugar drinks continue to go up. Meanwhile, the CocaCola pany recently made a twominute advertisement showing itself as part of the solution to Americas obesity(肥胖) problem. Food writers and doctors eyed it with disapproval. “Oh, please！” wrote famous author Marion Nestle.There really isnt anything to say about drinking soda(汽水). A supersized drink with 123 grams of sugar is short cut to heart disease and obesity. One in three Americans today is obese, pared to one in five in 1990. Theres no single cause for this increase, but one is almost certainly the linking for soda drinks.Other nations drink soda more responsibly. Japan drinks 34 liters per person, pared to 165 liters per person in the United States. More examples are Russia (30 liters per person), Italy (49 liters per person) and South Korea (27 liters per person). In the United States, soda is the most consumed drink; they drink almost twice as much as they do bottled water.Soda outside America isnt necessarily healthier. Its in the way that people drink it. As with most things like food and drink, the Italians do soda better. It has 23 grams of sugar in a standardsized bottle. They drink it as a midafternoon treat in limited quantities, which is how Americans used to drink it. They dont have it like water at every meal.The problem is not soda but the people. Yes, the industry targeted children by placing machines in schools. Yes, they spent millions protecting sales of their products. But, with all the evidence, were the ones who are buying it.语篇导读本文为议论文。汽水里含有大量的糖分，容易导致人体发胖。随着肥胖问题的日益突出，纽约出台了禁止出售高糖饮料的法令，这引发了广泛争论。5Marions words “Oh, please！” show that she _.Ahopes Americans will fight obesityBthinks the soda argument should stopCdisagrees with CocaColas statementDis angry with the prohibition on sale解析 C推理判断题。根据上文的disapproval可知，说出Oh, please！这句话的作家也对可口可乐公司的广告持反对态度，故选C项。6In America, soda seems to _. Acontain more sugar than before Bbe more popular than any other drinksCbe considered as the root of health problem Dhave an increasing number of consumers解析 B细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，在美国汽水要比其他饮料更受欢迎，故选B项。 7How do the Italians drink soda in a responsible way?AThey drink a limited quantity at every meal. BThey drink bottled water at the same time.CThey cut down the amount they drink. DThey drink it mainly in the middle of the day.解析 C细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，他们(意大利人)只在午后喝汽水，并且只饮用有限的数量。因此意大利人喝汽水的方式是在特定的时候(midafternoon)有限制地饮用，故选C项。 8What is the authors opinion on soda?AIt should be forbidden from selling.BIt is actually healthier than he thought.CAmericans think too much about the bad effects of it.DAmericans should change their ways of dealing with it.解析 D观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者认为美国人不加节制地过度饮用汽水是导致肥胖的主要原因，因此美国人应该有节制并且有理性地饮用汽水，故选D项。.语法填空(xx河北唐山一中高三一检)Recycling is a way 1.to_reduce(reduce) the amount of garage that is thrown away. Every year the United States 2.produces(produce) millions of tons of garage. The garage is sent to the landfills, 3.where some of it pollutes the land and air. 4.As a result of recycling, some things that would have been thrown away are reused. Many items can be recycled, 5.including(include) cans, glass bottles, newspapers, magazines and plastics. posting is also a form of recycling. It involves saving certain food wastes and 6.mixing(mix) them with grass cuttings and leaves. There are two types of recycling: internal and external. In internal recycling, the waste products from producing processes 7.are_reused(reuse) within the same factory. For example, when copper tubes are being made, the ends of the tubes are 8.usually(usual) cut. These copper ends are melted down and used to make new tubes. In external recycling, people col